scholarly journals PROTOPLAST ISOLATION AND CULTURE OF KENAF (HIBISCUS CANNABINUS L.)

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 729e-729
Author(s):  
Donglong Liu ◽  
Nancy A. Reichert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Protoplast Isolation ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Fusion Frequency ◽  
Protoplast Yield ◽  
Acceptable Range

Protoplast isolation and culture protocols were developed for leaf tissue from 6 kenaf cultivars [Everglades 41 (E41), E71, Guatemala 4 (G4), G45, G51, and Tainung 1]. For protoplast isolation, the best combination of hydrolytic enzymes was cellulysin (1% w/v; Calbiochem) plus macerase (0.5% w/v; Calbiochem), with a 24 hour digestion at 30°C in the dark. Yields reached 7.2 (10)6 protoplasts/g leaf tissue. Protoplast viabilities ranged from 65% to 96%. Minor cultivar differences were observed related to protoplast yield, but all viability estimates were in an acceptable range. Greatest cell division frequencies and plating efficiencies were obtained when protoplasts were initially cultured in liquid medium at a density of 1.0 (10)5 protoplasts/ml. Electrofusion protocols were developed for kenaf protoplasts testing the range from 1200 to 3000 V/cm. A fusion voltage of 2000 V/cm yielded the highest fusion frequency and retained viability above 80%.

scholarly journals Isolation of Protoplasts from Nepenthes - A Plant Carnivore

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaylen Sweat ◽  
Michael S. Bodri
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Protoplast Isolation ◽  
Protoplast Yield ◽  
Viable Culture

Protoplasts were isolated from the lamina of greenhouse grown Nepenthes ampullaria and the hybrid N. ‘Rokko’ Exotica in order to develop a protocol for protoplast isolation suitable for wild species of Nepenthes. Various molarities utilizing mannitol or sorbitol and different enzyme mixtures and concentrations as well as incubation times were evaluated to maximize protoplast yield and viability.  The most effective treatment, a 4 hrs incubation at 40 rpm and 25°C in a solution consisting of 0.5 M sorbitol, 5% cellulase ‘Onozuka’ R-10, 0.5% macerozyme R-10, and 0.3% pectolyase Y-23, generated 4.35 × 106 protoplasts/ gfw of which 62.1% were viable.  Culture was attempted in respect of  regeneration of the cell wall, however, no cell division was observed. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 93-100, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19217

Functions of cytokinins

1978 ◽  
Vol 284 (1002) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Plant Ribosomes ◽  
Stimulation Of

Mechanisms of action of cytokinins at the cellular and molecular levels are still unknown. Biological functions of cytokinins are presented through specific bioassay systems which are regarded as standard (delay of senescence of leaf tissue and stimulation of cell division) and which have been or may be biochemically investigated. These ‘biochemical functions’ of cytokinins are reviewed. The biochemical significance of the specific occurrence of cytokinins in transfer RNA molecules is discussed with respect to the question of the incorporation of labelled cytokinins into RNA molecules. Also, the significance of the cytokinin binding protein recently isolated from higher plant ribosomes is discussed.

scholarly journals High sink strength prevents photosynthetic down-regulation in cassava grown at elevated CO2 concentration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula M Ruiz-Vera ◽  
Amanda P De Souza ◽  
Michael R Ament ◽  
Roslyn M Gleadow ◽  
Donald R Ort
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency

Abstract Cassava has the potential to alleviate food insecurity in many tropical regions, yet few breeding efforts to increase yield have been made. Improved photosynthetic efficiency in cassava has the potential to increase yields, but cassava roots must have sufficient sink strength to prevent carbohydrates from accumulating in leaf tissue and suppressing photosynthesis. Here, we grew eight farmer-preferred African cassava cultivars under free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) to evaluate the sink strength of cassava roots when photosynthesis increases due to elevated CO2 concentrations ([CO2]). Relative to the ambient treatments, elevated [CO2] treatments increased fresh (+27%) and dry (+37%) root biomass, which was driven by an increase in photosynthesis (+31%) and the absence of photosynthetic down-regulation over the growing season. Moreover, intrinsic water use efficiency improved under elevated [CO2] conditions, while leaf protein content and leaf and root cyanide concentrations were not affected. Overall, these results suggest that higher cassava yields can be expected as atmospheric [CO2] increases over the coming decades. However, there were cultivar differences in the partitioning of resources to roots versus above-grown biomass; thus, the particular responses of each cultivar must be considered when selecting candidates for improvement.

Effect of 2-Benzoxazolinone (BOA) on Seedling Growth and Associated Biochemical Changes in Mung Bean (Phaseolus aureus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daizy R. Batish ◽  
Harminder P. Singh ◽  
Nidhi Setia ◽  
Shalinder Kaur ◽  
Ravinder K. Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Phaseolus Aureus ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidases ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBOA (2-benzoxazolinone) is a potent phytotoxin present in several graminaceous crops such as rye, maize and wheat. Due to its wide range of phytotoxicity, it is considered as a potential pesticide. A study was conducted to explore the impact of BOA on the radicle and plumule elongation of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) and associated changes in the macromolecular content - proteins and carbohydrates - and activities of enzymes like amylases, proteases, polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases. BOA significantly reduced the radicle and plumule length of P. aureus, and the contents of proteins and carbohydrates in both root and leaf tissue. On the other hand, activities of hydrolytic enzymes - proteases, amylases, polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases - increased substantially in both root and leaf tissue of P. aureus upon BOA exposure. This indicated that BOA treatment induced stress in P. aureus and enhanced enzyme activities to counter the induced stress and continue the growth. In other words, BOA-induced stress altered the plant biochemical status and related enzyme activities resulting in increased metabolism that serves to provide protection against cellular injury. Such studies providing information about the biomolecular content and enzymatic activities in response to natural products serve as clues for furtherance of knowledge about the modes of action of natural compounds of commercial interest.

Protoplast isolation and fusion in three Ulmus species

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1436-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Redenbaugh ◽  
David F. Karnosky ◽  
Robert D. Westfall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Protoplast Isolation ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Cell Wall Regeneration ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Wall Regeneration

Protoplasts were isolated from cotyledons, callus, and suspension cultures of Ulmus americana L. and U. pumula L. and from cotyledons and callus of U. parvifolia Jacq. using various enzyme solutions. Isolation frequencies (percent protoplasts in a solution containing both protoplasts and broken or damaged protoplasts, but very few intact cells) were usually about 10%; however, for U. pumila cotyledons, protoplast frequencies reached 100%. In a limited number of cases, cell wall regeneration occurred after 4–21 days and cell division after 9–21 days. Finally, U. pumila protoplasts were fused using a PEG–calcium solution.

scholarly journals Effects of environmental preconditioning, donor tissue and isolation conditions on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) protoplast yield

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kuźniak ◽  
Marzena Wielanek ◽  
Urszula Małolepsza ◽  
Henryk Urbaniak
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Protoplast Isolation ◽  
Isolation Procedure ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Cold Pretreatment ◽  
Isolation Medium ◽  
Donor Tissue ◽  
Protoplast Yield ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions

The effects of soil or <em>in vitro</em> grown plants, pretreatment conditions, donor tissue and isolation procedure on protoplast yield from cotyledons and leaves of tomato cv. 'Perkoz' and 'Zorza' were studied. The highest protoplast yield of 1.5 x 10<sup>7</sup>/g FW was obtained from leaves of <em>in vitro</em> grown plants. Low light intensity during donor plants <em>in vitro</em> culture and dark pretreatment were essential for successful protoplast isolation while cold pretreatment was not. Tissue preplasmolysis prior to transfer to enzyme mixture increased 4-fold the number of isolated protoplasts. Glycine and bovine serum albumin in the isolation medium did not significantly influence the protoplast yield.

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