scholarly journals Bark- and Peat-amended Spent Mushroom Compost for Containerized Culture of Shrubs

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 781-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Chong ◽  
R.A. Cline ◽  
D.L. Rinker
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Spent Mushroom Compost ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Cornus Alba ◽  
Horse Manure ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Weigela Florida ◽  
Ornamental Shrubs

Four deciduous ornamental shrubs [`Coral Beauty' cotoneaster (Cotoneaster dammeri C.K. Schneid); Tartarian dogwood (Cornus alba L.); `Lynwood' forsythia (Forsythia × intermedia Zab.); `Variegata' weigela (Weigela florida Bunge A.D.C.)] were grown in trickle-fertigated containers. There were eight media consisting of 25% or 50% sphagnum peat or composted pine bark, 25% sand, and the remainder one of two sources of spent mushroom compost; four media with 509″ peat or bark mixed with 50% spent mushroom compost; and a control medium of 10070 pine bark. Initially, higher than desirable salt levels in all compost-amended media were leached quickly (within 2 weeks of planting) and not detrimental to the species tested. Unlike cotoneaster, which showed no difference in growth (shoot dry weight) due to medium, dogwood, forsythia, and weigela grew significantly better in all compost-amended media than in the control. Growth of these three species was 20% greater in peat-based than in bark-based, compost-amended media. Dogwood and forsythia grew slightly more (+8%) with spent mushroom compost based primarily on straw-bedded horse manure than with one based on a blend of straw-bedded horse manure, wheat straw, and hay. The addition of sand (25%) to a mixture of 50% peat or bark and 25 % spent compost produced a medium with minimal compaction.

scholarly journals Growth and Mineral Nutrient Status of Containerized Woody Species in Media Amended with Spent Mushroom Compost

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Chong ◽  
R.A. Cline ◽  
D.L. Rinker ◽  
O.B. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Spent Mushroom Compost ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Weigela Florida

`Eight deciduous ornamental shrubs-deutzia (Deutzia gracilis Siebold & Zucc.), dogwood (Cornus alba L. `Argenteo-marginata'), forsythia (Forsythia × intermedia Zab. `Lynwood Gold'), ninebark [Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.], potentilla (Potentilla fruticosa L. `Red Ace'), privet (Ligustrum vulgare L.), rose (Rosa L. `John Frank. lin'), and weigela [Weigela florida (Bunge) A. DC. `Variegata Nana']—were grown in trickle-irrigated containers with 100% bark (control) or with bark and 33%, 67%, and 100% (by volume) of each of three sources of spent mushroom compost (unweathered, weathered, and unweathered compost leached with water). Despite large variation in species growth response to sources and levels of compost, most grew equally well or better in the compost-amended regimes than in 100% bark and were influenced little, or not at all, by initial or prevailing salt levels in the media. Shoot and root dry weight of dogwood, forsythia, ninebark, rose, and weigela (all sources), and shoot dry weight of deutzia and potentilla (weathered source only), increased linearly or curvilinearly with increasing compost levels. The reverse relationship occurred (all sources) in shoot and root dry weight of privet and root dry weight of weigela and potentilla. Leaf nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn) tended to increase with increasing compost levels, but not all species showed this response with all nutrients. Regardless of compost source or level, all shrubs were of marketable quality when harvested, except privet, which showed leaf chlorosis in all compost-amended regimes.

scholarly journals 822 PB 269 PINE BARK SOIL AMENDMENTS AND NUTRITION AFFECT GROWTH AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF VIBURNUM PLICATUM VAR. TOMENTOSUM `MARIESII'

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 551b-551
Author(s):  
Carleton B Wood ◽  
Timothy J. Smalley ◽  
Mark Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Ammonium Toxicity ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiencies ◽  
Water Contents

Container-grown Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum `Mariesii' were planted in tilled beds and tilled beds amended with aged pine bark. After transplanting, plants were fertilized at three different rates: no fertilizer, 18.4 g of N m-2, and 36.8 g of N m-2. A 31 day drought was begun 73 days after planting. Fertilization of tilled plots induced ammonium toxicity, which caused a linear reduction in leaf area, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. Fertilization of amended plots had no effect on shoot growth but reduced mot growth by 54%; thus, amendments ameliorated ammonium toxicity. Between 10 and 28 days after beginning the drought, plants in unfertilized-amended plots maintained higher relative leaf water contents (RLWC) and relative leaf expansion rates (RLER) than plants in unfertilized-tilled plots. Amendment induced nitrogen deficiencies contributed to the increased drought tolerance of plants from unfertilized-amended plots. Since fertilized plants developed symptoms of ammonium toxicity, we were unable to determine if increasing fertility would counteract the drought tolerance conferred by pine bark soil amendments.

scholarly journals Use of Ground Miscanthus Straw in Container Nursery Substrates

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Altland ◽  
James C. Locke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

Abstract Pine bark (PB) is the primary component in nursery substrates in the United States. Availability of pine bark is decreasing and price is increasing. The objective of this research was to determine if miscanthus straw (MS) can replace all or part of the pine bark fraction in nursery container substrates. Five substrates were created that contained 15% sphagnum peatmoss, 5% municipal solid waste compost, and the remaining 80% consisted of one of the five following PB:MS ratios: 0:80, 20:60, 40:40, 60:20, and 80:0. Luna Red hibiscus (Hibiscus moscheutos) were grown in each substrate and evaluated for eight weeks in a greenhouse. Ground MS increased air space and decreased container capacity and bulk density as its concentration in the substrate increased. Additions of MS did not affect hibiscus chlorophyll content, and had negligible effects on hibiscus foliar nutrient levels. Increasing levels of MS caused a decrease in plant shoot dry weight, although growth reduction was most pronounced with 80% MS. Ground MS has potential to be a suitable substrate for nursery growers, however, some changes to management practices will be necessary.

scholarly journals 407 Nitrogen Retention and Release by Paper Pellets in the Bottom of Nursery Containers

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 463B-463
Author(s):  
J.O. Glenn ◽  
C.H. Gilliam ◽  
J.H. Edwards ◽  
G.J. Keever ◽  
J. Olive ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Total N ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrate N

Recycled paper pellets in the bottom of containers were evaluated for retention of N from container leachate. `Formosa' azalea were transplanted on 15 Apr. in 2.8-L containers in a pine bark/peat substrate (3:1; v/v). Treatments included paper (0 or 2.5 cm depth) in the bottom of containers and two rates of Osmocote 18–6–12 (0.68 kg or 1.36 kg N/yd3). Immediately after transplanting, plants were topdressed with 3.2 g of 12–4–6 fertilizer. Data collected included leachate samples every 2 weeks for NO3-N and NH4-N levels and destructive sampling every 4 weeks for shoot dry weight, foliar N, and total paper N. Nitrate-N and NH4-N leachate concentrations were reduced with the 0.68 kg N/yd3 fertilizer rate and with paper. For example, 28 days after planting (DAP) NO3-N leachate concentrations were reduced 36% with the 0.68 kg N/yd3 fertilizer rate and 46% with paper in the bottom of containers. NH4-N in the leachates was reduced 53% with the 0.68 kg N/yd3 fertilizer rate and 59% with paper. Azalea shoot dry weight was not affected by paper or fertilizer rate up to 112 DAP; however, as the study progressed, plants with paper in the bottom of containers grew larger than plants in no paper treatments (29% at 168 DAP, 31% at 196 DAP). Total N absorbed by paper was not affected by fertilizer rate, and peaked at 168 DAP [980 (0.68 kg N/yd3) to 1066 (1.36 kg N/yd3) mg per container, or 41% – 28% of applied N], after which it began to decline. This decline in paper N was associated with greater growth of azalea with paper.

scholarly journals Growth of tomato seedlings in substrates containing a nanocomposite hydrogel with calcium montmorillonite (NC-MMt)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Raphael AC Melo ◽  
Marçal HA Jorge ◽  
Adriel Bortolin ◽  
Leonardo S Boiteux ◽  
Caue R Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Nanocomposite Hydrogel ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The correct use of hydrogels in some situations can increase seedling survival rates, plant growth, and the water-retention capacity of the growing medium. A technique for the production of a nanocomposite hydrogel using calcium montmorillonite (NC-MMt) was recently developed. However, additional research is necessary in order to validate this innovative input, particularly for the production of vegetable crops seedlings. In this context, the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth and development of seedlings, tomato hybrid ‘BRS Nagai’, in substrates containing different amendments of hydrogel NC-MMt. The trial was conducted in a 3x3 factorial arranged in a complete randomized blocks design, with three replications. Three substrates (peat moss, pine bark, and coconut peat) corresponded to the first factor and three rates of the NC-MMt hydrogel (0%= R1, 1.5%= R2 and 2.0%= R3, on a w/w basis) corresponded to the second factor. Each plot was composed of 16 plants that were assessed after three weeks. Overall, peat moss-based and pine bark-based substrates resulted in higher values for most of the analyzed traits: plant emergency percentage, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, plant height/shoot dry weight ratio, root dry weight, shoot dry weight/root dry weight ratio and the Dickinson Quality Index. Rates of NC-MMt hydrogel displayed significant responses only to root superficial area and root volume. NC-MMt hydrogel amendment (mainly 1.5%) combined with specific substrates (mainly peat moss-based substrate) was able to improve the growth of ‘BRS Nagai’ tomato seedlings, with no observed toxic effects.

scholarly journals Arcillite: Effect on Chemical and Physical Properties of Pine Bark Substrate and Plant Growth

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Ted E. Bilderback
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of arcillite, a calcined montmorillonite and illite clay, on the physical and chemical properties of a pine bark growth substrate and plant growth. To accomplish this, Cotoneaster dammeri ‘Skogholm’ and Rhododendron sp. ‘Sunglow’ were potted into pine bark substrate amended with 0, 27, 54, 67 or 81 kg/m3 (0, 45, 90, 112 or 136 lbs/yd3) arcillite. Plants were irrigated every l, 2, or 4 days. Container capacity, available water, and bulk density increased with increasing arcillite rate. Air space decreased with increasing arcillite rate. Total porosity and unavailable water were not affected by arcillite. Substrate NH4, NO3, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations increased with decreasing irrigation frequency. Substrate NH4, P, and K concentrations increased with increasing arcillite rate suggesting that arcillite improved retention within the container substrate. Azalea ‘Sunglow’ shoot dry weight decreased linearly with decreasing irrigation frequency and increased curvilinearly with increasing arcillite with maximum dry weight occurring at 67 kg/m3 (l12 lbs/yd2). Cotoneaster ‘Skogholm’ shoot dry weight increased linearly with increasing arcillite rate at 2 and 4 day irrigations and curvilinearly at 1 day irrigation with maximum weight at 67 kg/m3 (112 lbs/yd2).

scholarly journals Plant Response to Container Planting Method and Media

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
G.S. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Relative Root

Abstract Shoot dry weight and relative root density of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Compacta’ and Rhododendron obtusum (Lindl.) Planch. ‘Hino Crimson’ were greater when liners were transplanted into holes with a core removed (excavated) compared to holes formed by compression (dibbled). Growth index, relative root density, and shoot dry weight increased as the percent pine bark in the growth media increased from 50% to 80 or 90% pine bark with holly and from 50% to 90% pine bark with azalea. Bulk density decreased and air porosity and irrigation frequency increased as the percent pine bark in pine bark:sandy loam container media increased from 50% to 100%. In a second experiment, root density and shoot dry weight of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri’, but not Rhododendron × ‘Trouper’, were greater in pine bark and pine bark-sandy loam media when the planting hole was excavated rather than dibbled. Plant growth of the 2 species in peat-based media was not influenced by planting method.

scholarly journals Production of Woody Nursery Crops in Clean Chip Residual Substrate

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl R. Boyer ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Thomas V. Gallagher ◽  
H. Allen Torbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Annual Plants ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Buddleja Davidii ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

Abstract Clean chip residual (CCR) is a potential replacement for pine bark (PB) in nursery crop substrates. It is a by-product of in-field forestry harvesting practices and has been shown to produce annual plants and perennials similar in size to plants grown in PB. Studies were conducted in two locations, Auburn, AL, and Poplarville, MS, to evaluate growth of woody ornamentals grown in CCR or PB. Five species were tested; Loropetalum chinensis var. rubrum, Buddleja davidii ‘Black Knight’, Lagerstroemia indica ‘Hopi’, Lagerstroemia × fauriei ‘Natchez’, and Rhododendron indicum ‘Mrs. G.G. Gerbing’. There were few differences in plant growth indices, leaf chlorophyll content, and inflorescence number over the course of the year for all species at both sites. Percent rootball coverage was generally similar among treatments, though those grown in PB had the greatest percent rootball coverage for loropetalum and buddleja (at both sites) and azalea at Auburn. Shoot dry weight of loropetalum and crapemytrle grown in PB at Poplarville was greater than plants grown in CCR.

scholarly journals Response of Four Ornamental Shrubs to Container Substrate Amended with Two Sources of Raw Paper Mill Sludge

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 807-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Chong ◽  
R.A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Paper Mill Sludge ◽  
Cornus Sericea ◽  
Weigela Florida ◽  
Ornamental Shrubs

Four deciduous ornamental shrubs {`Coral Beauty' cotoneaster (Cotoneaster dammeri C.K. Schneid.), `Flaviramea' dogwood (Cornus sericea L.), `Lynwood' forsythia (Forsythia ×intermedia Zab.), and `Variegata' weigela [Weigela florida (Bunge) A. DC.]} were grown in trickle-irrigated containers with 100% pine bark (control) or with 10 other pine-bark-amended media, including two sources [Noranda Forest (NF) and Quebec and Ontario (QO)] of raw paper mill sludge mixed at 15 % or 30% (by volume). All species grew equally well or better in the sludge-amended media than in the control or other nonsludge media. Cotoneaster and forsythia grew more in NF sludge media than in corresponding QO media due primarily to the greater quantities of N and other nutrients released from the NF sludge.

scholarly journals Root Pruning Influences Level of Embolism during Posttransplant Growth of Corylus colurna

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 689d-689
Author(s):  
P.R. Knight ◽  
J.R. Harris ◽  
J.K. Fanelli
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Two-year-old, bareroot, Corylus colurna seedlings were grown in 7.5-L containers from 15 Mar. to 23 June 1995. Plants were grown in a glasshouse using pine bark media. Temperatures were maintained at 30/20°C. Plants received no fertilization or Osmocote 18–6–12 top-dressed at 14 or 28 g/container. Additionally, plants were pruned to remove 0%, 25%, or 50% of the root system based on root length. Height, diameter, branch number, leaf area, and root and shoot dry weight increased linearly as rate of fertilization increased. Percent embolism was not influenced by rate of fertilization. Plant height, branch number, leaf area, and root and shoot dry weight were not influenced by rate of root pruning. Plant diameter increased linearly as rate of root pruning decreased. Percent embolism increased linearly as rate of root pruning increased.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document