scholarly journals Response in Green and White Asparagus to Supplemental Nitrogen and Harvest Date

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Makus
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
K Concentration

`Jersey Giant' asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), grown in an Enders silt loam mineral soil, was given 80 kg supplemental N/ha either before or after the harvest season. Neither N application timing affected spear yield, objective color, or pigment concentration. Early supplemental N application decreased K concentration in white spears and Ca concentration in green spears. Green asparagus contained higher total-N, K, P, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Al, Mn, and Cu concentrations but a lower soluble solids concentration (SSC) and NO3 than did white asparagus. As the cutting season progressed, spear SSC and S, Ca, NO3 (NO3 in white spears only), Zn, Mn, and Cu (Cu in white spears only) concentrations decreased, but spear K and Al (Al in white spears only) increased on a dry-weight basis. Fall residual soil NO3 levels were not affected by N application timing, but organic matter (percent) was lower in soil that received early supplemental N.

scholarly journals NEITHER GREEN NOR WHITE ASPARAGUS SPEARS ARE AFFECTED BY SUPPLEMENTAL NITROGEN

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 732b-732
Author(s):  
D. J. Makus
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

`Jersey Giant' asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), grown in an Enders silt loam mineral soil near Booneville, Ark., was given an application of 80 kg/ha of Supplemental nitrogen (N, as NH4N O3) either prior to or after the Cutting season in 1993. Neither N treatment affected spear objective Color, Pigments, soluble solids concentration (SSC), or yield. Supplemental N decreased spear Ca and K levels. Green asparagus had higher levels of total-N, K, S, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Al, Mn, and Cu, but lower levels of NO3 than did white asparagus. As the Cutting season progressed, spear SSC, S, Ca, NO3 (NO3 in White spears only), Zn, Mn, and Cu (Cu in white spears Only) levels decreased, While spear K and Al (Al in white spears only) increased on a dry weight basis. Fall residual soil NO3 levels were not affected by N application, but organic matter was lower in soil which received early supplemental N.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Partitioning in Apple Trees as Affected by Application Time

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreno Toselli ◽  
Costanza Zavalloni ◽  
Bruno Marangoni ◽  
James A. Flore
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Total N ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

15Nitrogen-ammonium nitrate was applied to four `Mutsu' apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees 40 days before harvest of 1996 (summer supplied nitrogen, SUN) and four others at full bloom in 1997 (spring supplied nitrogen, SPN) to evaluate the effect of application timing on N partitioning in mature trees. At leaf fall the largest amount of SUN was partitioned to roots and 2- to 4-year-old wood; the largest amount of SPN was partitioned to fruit and leaves and only a small amount detected in the roots. SUN did not increase N concentration in fruit or modify fruit firmness and soluble solids concentration, although it contributed to building up N reserves in the perennial woody organs. In 1997, as a result of the different timings of N supply, two sources of labeled N were distinguished and monitored in the vegetative organs: 1) the remobilized N, taken up in summer of 1996, stored in winter and then translocated to the growing tissues; 2) the newly absorbed N, taken up and moved to the canopy after the 1997 spring supply. Both fractions of remobilized and newly uptaken labeled N contributed to leaf and fruit N. Remobilized 15N was provided principally by roots which, from August to leaf fall, decreased their percentage of 15N by ≈18%, replacing the labeled with unlabeled N to maintain a constant concentration of total N.

Cell Size and Pretransplant Nutritional Conditioning Influences Early Vine Growth and Yield of Transplanted Watermelon

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 594e-594
Author(s):  
Charles J. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

Research is needed to better understand the influence of cell volume and fertility on watermelon transplant size and field performance in order to determine the most economic production practices. `Jubilee' watermelon transplants were grown using a 4 x 4 factorial experimental design consisting of 4 cell volumes (30.7, 65.5, 147.5, and 349.6 cm3) and 4 fertility rates (0, 1/4, 1/2, and full-strength Hoagland's solution). Transplant shoot dry weight significantly increased as cell volume and fertility increased. Increasing cell volume linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early and total harvest in 1995. The average weight per watermelon significantly increased for early-harvested fruit but not for total harvest as cell volume increased in 1995. Soluble solids concentration linearly increased with increasing cell volume for early and total harvests in 1995. Cell volume had no significant influence on the harvest parameters measured in 1997. In 1995, increasing fertility linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early harvests. Increasing fertility increased the soluble solids concentration linearly for early-harvested watermelons in 1997 but not in 1995. Fertility rate had no significant influence on any of the other harvest parameters measured in 1995 and 1997. The growing conditions and disease pressure in 1997 reduced melons/ha, yield, and soluble solids content when compared to 1995 values. The half-strength Hoagland's solution produced the greatest number of watermelons/ha, tons/ha, and the highest soluble solids concentration in 1995 and 1997. Pretransplant nutritional conditioning had no significant effect on total `Jubilee' watermelon production in Louisiana for 1995 and 1997.

scholarly journals Influence of Irradiance and Period of Exposure on Fruit Set of French-American Hybrid Grapes

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Ferree ◽  
S.J. McArtney ◽  
D.M. Scurlock
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Hue Angle

Vines of container grown `DeChaunac', `Vidal blanc', `Seyval blanc' and `Chambourcin' grapes were subjected to 5 days of 80% shade at prebloom, bloom or 2 and 4 weeks after bloom. Fruit set, cluster weight, berries per cluster and juice components [soluble solids concentration (SSC), pH and titratable acidity] of `DeChaunac' and `Vidal blanc' were not affected by a short period of intensive shade. `Chambourcin' was sensitive to a shade period near the time of bloom for most of the aforementioned factors, while `Seyval blanc' was intermediate in sensitivity. Shot (green, hard, and undersized) berries of `Chambourcin' and `Seyval blanc' were increased by a 5-day period of shade 2 or 4 weeks after bloom. In a second study, container-grown `Chambourcin' on 3309C (V. riparia × V. rupestris) with one or two clusters and `Vidal blanc' with one cluster were subjected to the following light regimes beginning at bloom for 5 weeks: supplemental light, ambient greenhouse light and 30%, 50% or 80% shade. Yield, fruit set, specific leaf weight (leaf dry weight/leaf area), saturation index, and total leaf chlorophyll increased linearly with increasing irradiance. `Chambourcin' juice pH, SSC, leaf chlorophyll a/b ratio, cluster color development and hue angle decreased as irradiance increased, likely related to crop reduction. Responses in `Vidal blanc' followed similar trends, but differences were not as great. Results demonstrate that light is an important determining factor in fruit set of French-American hybrid grapes and fruit set of some cultivars are sensitive to short periods of intense shade.

scholarly journals Carrot Yield, Quality, and Storability in Relation to Preplant and Residual Nitrogen on Mineral and Organic Soils

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Westerveld ◽  
Mary Ruth McDonald ◽  
Alan W. McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
N Management

The Nutrient Management Act (NMA) established in the province of Ontario in 2002 has prompted a re-evaluation of nitrogen (N) management practices. However, N management research in Ontario is currently outdated. The experiment in this 3-year study was designed to establish the yield response of carrot (Daucus carota) to N fertilization on mineral and organic soils and identify the relative yield effects of preplant and residual soil N. In 2002, N was applied at 0%, 50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% of recommended N application rates in Ontario as ammonium nitrate (organic soil: 60 kg·ha-1 preplant; mineral soil: 110 kg·ha-1 split 66% preplant/33% sidedress). Experimental units were split in half in 2003 and 2004, and N was applied to one half in 2003 and both halves in 2004 to identify the effects of residual N from the previous season on yield. Crop stand, yield, and quality were assessed at harvest, and storability was assessed by placing carrots into cold storage for 6 months. Nitrogen application rate had no effect on the yield, quality, or storability of carrots grown on organic soil. On mineral soil there were no effects of applied N in the first year of the 3-year study. In the second and third year on mineral soil, yield increased in response to increasing N, up to 200% and 91% of the recommended application rate, respectively, based on the regression equations. Yield declined above 91% of the recommended application rate in the third year due to a decrease in stand at higher N application rates. There were no effects of N on carrot quality or storability on mineral soil. On mineral soil, residual N from the 2002 season had more effect on yield at harvest in 2003 than N applied in 2003. This major effect of residual soil N on yield provides an explanation for the lack of yield response to preplant N application in previous studies conducted in temperate regions. These results indicate that there is no single N recommendation that is appropriate for all years on mineral soil. Assessing the availability of N from the soil at different depths at seeding is recommended to determine the need for N application.

scholarly journals Seasonal Nitrogen Partitioning and Nitrogen Uptake of Carrots as Affected by Nitrogen Application in a Mineral and an Organic Soil

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1332-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Westerveld ◽  
Alan W. McKeown ◽  
Mary Ruth McDonald
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
N Budget ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Removal

An understanding of nitrogen (N) uptake and the partitioning of N during the season by the carrot crop (Daucus carota subsp. sativus [Hoffm.] Arkang.) is required to develop more efficient N fertilization practices. Experiments were conducted on both organic and mineral soils to track the accumulation of dry matter (DM) and N over the growing season and to develop an N budget of the crop. Treatments included two carrot cultivars (`Idaho' and `Fontana') and 5 N rates ranging from 0% to 200% of the provincial recommendations in Ontario. Foliage and root samples were collected biweekly from selected treatments during the growing season and assessed for total N concentration. Harvest samples were used to calculate N uptake, N in debris, and net N removal values. Accumulation of DM and N in the roots was low until 50 to 60 days after seeding (DAS) and then increased linearly until harvest for all 3 years regardless of the soil type, cultivar, and N rate. Foliage dry weight and N accumulation were more significant by 50 to 60 DAS, increased linearly between 50 and 100 DAS, and reached a maximum or declined slightly beyond 100 DAS in most cases. The N application rates required to maximize yield on mineral soil resulted in a net loss of N from the system, except when sufficient N was available from the soil to produce optimal yield. On organic soil, a net removal of N occurred at all N application rates in all years. Carrots could be used as an N catch crop to reduce N losses in a vegetable rotation in conditions of high soil residual N, thereby improving the N use efficiency (NUE) of the crop rotation.

scholarly journals Sulfur Nutrition Affects Cellular Sulfur, Dry Weight Distribution, and Bulb Quality in Onion

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Lancaster ◽  
Julie Farrant ◽  
Martin L. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Cell Wall Proteins ◽  
Onion Bulbs ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Cell Fractions

Three onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars, `Southport White Globe', `Grano', and `Pukekohe Longkeeper' were grown at low to high S (at 0.5, 1.8, 3.0 or 4.0 meq·L-1) in hydroponic culture. Differential solvent extractions of bulbs were used to isolate quantitatively cell contents, cell wall proteins, and cell wall residue. The weight of the cell fractions, their S content, and the S content of intact bulbs were determined. Bulb characteristics of fresh weight (FW), firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), and soluble sugars were also determined. For all three cultivars, bulb FW increased with S from 0.5 to 4.0 meq·L-1. Sulfur had a significant effect on bulb firmness. Onion bulbs grown with S at 0.5 meq·L-1, the lowest S concentration, were significantly softer than onion bulbs grown at the highest concentration of 4.0 meq·L-1. Varying the S supply had a major effect on dry weight (DW) allocation to the cell wall residue. Bulbs of all three cultivars grown at the lowest S had significantly less DW in the cell walls compared to S at 3.0 or 4.0 meq·L-1. In contrast to the effect of S supply on DW allocation, varying S supply had no effect on total bulb S, free SO4-2, and on the S content of the cell contents and the cell wall residue and only a minor effect on cell wall proteins. There was no significant effect of S supply on either SSC or soluble sugars. At low S nutrition, which is limiting to the growth of onion bulbs, cell wall deposition is reduced, with a consequent decrease in bulb firmness. The S composition of the cellular components is maintained at the expense of bulb growth.

Invasion of clear-cuttings by the actinorhizal plant Comptoniaperegrina

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 872-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Q. Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Acetylene Reduction Activity ◽  
Total N ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Site Disturbance ◽  
Harvest Site ◽  
Whole Tree

Three years after harvesting a mixed conifer–hardwood forest in Ontario, the density of sweet fern (Comptoniaperegrina (L.) Coult.) was far greater on a whole-tree harvest site (logging slash removed) than on an adjacent conventional harvest site (logging slash present). These differences were related to the degree of site disturbance, particularly forest floor removal. Nodule fixation rates also appeared to reflect the degree of disturbance, being highest in plants growing along a logging road where the sandy, nitrogen-poor mineral soil was exposed, and exceptionally low on the conventional harvest site (0.67 μmol C2H4 g dry weight−1 h−1). Overall, acetylene reduction activity showed a significant negative correlation (r = −0.77, p < 0.001) with total N.

scholarly journals EcoLyst Application Timing and Juice Corrected Soluble Solids (Brix) of Processing Oranges and Grapefruit in Florida

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick S. Davies ◽  
Glenn R. Zalman ◽  
Ed Stover ◽  
Scott Ciliento
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

EcoLyst, a formulation of N-N-diethyl-2-(4-methylbenzyloxy) ethylamine hydrochloride containing 1 g/floz [4.5 oz/gal (33.8 g·L-1)] a.i., is a plant growth regulator that has been reported to increase soluble solids concentration (SSC) in juice oranges by 0.6% to 1.2%. Our objectives were to determine the effectiveness of EcoLyst application for increasing SSC in Florida oranges (Citrus sinensis) and grapefruit (C. paradisi), and to identify the optimum rate and time of application. Experiments were conducted for three seasons using `Hamlin,' `Pineapple,' and `Valencia' sweet oranges; and for two seasons using `Flame,' `Marsh,' and `Ray Ruby' grapefruit, all in commercial groves. EcoLyst was applied at 6 and 12 floz/acre (0.44 and 0.88 L·ha-1) for oranges and 16 and 32 ppm (mg·L-1) [effectively 9 and 18 floz/acre (0.66 and 1.32 L·ha-1) in most sprays] for grapefruit, and included Silwet L-77 adjuvant at 0.05%. Applications were made at several stages of development from prebloom to initial fruit set. In all cases, SSC was determined as juice corrected SSC, by adjusting refractometer readings based on titratable acidity. In 13 trials with sweet orange only five displayed significant increases in SSC (P ≤ 0.05) resulting from EcoLyst application. Two additional trials produced SSC increases significant at P < 0.10. Even where significant increases in SSC occurred they were typically observed in only one harvest and at one time of application and were always relatively low in magnitude (highest increase over controls was 0.38%). No rate or timing of EcoLyst application was consistently associated with best response, although eight of nine SSC increases observed in orange occurred with applications ranging from prebloom to 25% open flowers. Only one significant increase in SSC was observed in five trials with grapefruit. In these studies, increases in SSC resulting from EcoLyst application were neither sufficiently consistent nor large enough to justify a recommendation for commercial use in Florida citrus.

scholarly journals Influence of Nitrogen and Bagging on Fruit Quality and Mineral Concentrations of `BC-2 Fuji' Apple

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
W. Michael Colt ◽  
Craig R. Baird ◽  
Bahar Fallahi ◽  
Ik-Jo Chun
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fruit Flesh ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

The influence of three rates of nitrogen (N) and fruit bagging on fruit peel and flesh mineral concentrations and fruit quality in `BC-2 Fuji' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees on Malling 9 (M.9) was studied. Increasing N application decreased fruit peel red color, fruit N, iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). Fruit from trees receiving 10.72 oz (303.9 g) N per year had higher evolved ethylene and respiration during poststorage ripening tests. Bagging of fruit reduced fruit peel red color, soluble solids concentrations (SSC), and dry weight as compared to nonbagged fruit. Bagged fruit had higher N, potassium (K), and copper (Cu) than nonbagged fruit. Fruit peel had a greater percentage of dry weight, and higher concentrations of all tested minerals compared to fruit flesh.

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