scholarly journals Native Sand-prairie Plants That are Poor Hosts for Pratylenchus penetrans

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 830F-830
Author(s):  
Alan W. McKeown ◽  
John W. Potter ◽  
Mary Gartshore ◽  
Peter Carson
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Sorghastrum Nutans ◽  
Switch Grass ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans Cobb) are well-adapted to sandy soils and have a host range including most agronomic, horticultural, and wild species grown in Ontario. As native climax sand-prairie species have coexisted with the nematode for millennia, resistance or tolerance may have developed. We have screened using the Baermann pan technique, soil samples taken from a private collection of sand-prairie species collected from local prairie remnants. Several species [Liatris cylindracea Michx., Monarda punctata L., Pycnanthemum virginianum L., Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench] proved to be excellent hosts (>500/kg of soil) of root lesion nematode, confirming the presence of this nematode in the soil. Over two seasons, we determined that 10 plant species belonging to the families Asclepiadaceae, Compositae, Graminae, and Leguminosae to support very low numbers of P. penetrans. Brown-eyed susan (Rudbeckia hirta L.) had no root lesion nematodes throughout both seasons, Butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa L.) very low counts, while Switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.) and Indian grass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] had detectable root lesion nematodes on only one sampling date each year. Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), Little Bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx) Nash], Sand Dropseed [Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray], Side-oats Grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.)) Torr], Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus L.), Bush clover [Lespedeza capitata (Michx] also are poor hosts. These species have potential as cover or rotation crops useful for nematode management.

Identifying Native Prairie Grass Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 450e-451
Author(s):  
Virginia A. Gaynor ◽  
Mary Hockenberry Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Sorghastrum Nutans ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Switch Grass ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Prairie Restorations ◽  
Sideoats Grama

There is great interest in prairie gardens and prairie restorations in the central United States. Small prairie gardens are often established with plugs, but most restorationists and landscape contractors use seed for large plantings. If initial establishment is poor, restorations are often interseeded the second or third season. However, to evaluate early establishment and determine if interseeding is necessary, contractors must be able to identify native grasses in the seedling and juvenile stages. In this study we investigated vegetative characteristics of native prairie grass seedlings. Seven species of native prairie grass were grown in the greenhouse: Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem), Sorghastrum nutans (Indian grass), Panicum virgatum (switch grass), Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem), Bouteloua curtipendula (sideoats grama), Elymus canadensis (Canada wildrye), and Bromus kalmii (Kalmís brome). Every 2 to 3 weeks after germination, seedlings were photographed, pressed, and mounted. Additional photographs were taken through the dissecting scope at key stages of development. Ligules and auricles were found to be useful in distinguishing species, and our close-up photographs highlight these structures. Hairiness and color were variable within a species and could not be used reliably in identification. A seedling identification key will be presented for the species studied.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Native and Ornamental Grasses to Over-the-top Applications of Topramezone Herbicide

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 842-849
Author(s):  
S. Christopher Marble ◽  
Matthew T. Elmore ◽  
James T. Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Sorghastrum Nutans ◽  
Eastern Gamagrass ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides ◽  
Over The Top

Research was conducted to determine the tolerance of multiple native and ornamental grass species and one ornamental sedge species to over-the-top applications of the postemergence herbicide topramezone at three locations in the southeastern United States in 2016 and 2017. Fully rooted liners of selected grass species were outplanted into research plots in Apopka, FL; Dallas, TX; and Knoxville, TN in late spring, allowed time to establish (≈1–2 months) and then treated with two applications of topramezone at either 0.05 or 0.10 kg a.i./ha at 6–8 weeks intervals. Results showed that species including Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge), Schizachyrium scoparium ‘The Blues’ (little bluestem), Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass), and Tripsacum floridanum (florida gamagrass) exhibited the greatest tolerance to topramezone with <10% injury to no injury being evident after each application of both herbicide rates tested. Chasmanthium latifolium (wild oats), Eragrostis elliottii ‘Wind Dancer’, Muhlenbergia capillaris (pink muhly), and Spartina bakeri (sandcord grass) were significantly injured (50% injury or greater) at both herbicide rates. Average injury observed on Panicum virgatum ‘Shenandoah’ (red switchgrass) (ranging from 39% to 100% injury) and Sorghastrum nutans (indian grass) (ranging from 0% to 40% injury) was higher in Florida than in Tennessee (injury ranging from 23% to 43% on red switchgrass and 0% to 10% on indian grass). Similarly, Pennisetum alopecuroides (dwarf fountain grass) showed higher tolerance in Texas (ranging from 0% to 34% injury) compared with those observed in Tennessee (ranging from 0% to 53% injury). Topramezone injury to Carex appalachica (appalachian sedge) was ≤18% following two applications at both rates tested. Although no injury was observed in appalachian sedge following a single application up to 0.1 kg a.i. in Florida, plants succumbed to heat stress and accurate ratings could not be taken following the second application. Because of variability observed, tolerance of red switchgrass, indian grass, dwarf fountain grass, and appalachian sedge to applications of topramezone deserves further investigation. There is potential for future use of topramezone for control of certain grass and broadleaf weeds growing in and around certain ornamental grass species. However, as there was significant variability in tolerance based on species and differences in cultivars, testing a small group of plants before large-scale application would be recommended.

scholarly journals 446 Long-term Evaluation of Susceptibility of Selected Prairie Species to the Root Lesion Nematode Pratylenchus penetrans

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 521C-521
Author(s):  
A.W. McKeown ◽  
J.W. Potter ◽  
M. Gartshore ◽  
P. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Monarda Fistulosa ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Because of the need to find plants that suppress root lesion nematodes for use in rotation or cover-crops, 16 native sand-prairie species were evaluated for host status for 6 years. Plants were grown on a Fox sand soil at a local prairie plant nursery. Soil cores were taken in the spring, summer, and fall and assayed for plant parasitic nematodes. Five species supported very low numbers (less than 100/kg soil) of root lesion nematodes. Brown-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) had no detectable nematodes for the duration. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans L., Nash) samples produced detectable nematodes on only two sampling dates over the 6 years and were statistically not different from brown-eyed Susan. Butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa L.) also had very low detectable nematodes as did sand dropseed [Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray.]. New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus L.), little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi Vitman) were poor hosts with <200 nematodes/kg soil. Mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum L), wild bergamont (Monarda fistulosa L), horsemint (Monarda punctata L), and dwarf blazing star (Liatris cylindracea L) all had root lesion populations over 3000/kg soil. Horsemint and wild bergamont plants died out, possibly as a result of nematode infestation. Root lesion nematodes have an extremely wide host range in current agronomic and horticultural crops, and weeds and are difficult to manage using nonchemical means. Indiangrass, switchgrass, big bluestem, and little bluestem have all been used agriculturally for pastures and consequently have potential as beneficial long-term rotation crops for nematode management and soil building.

Growth of `Bartlett' Pear Seedlings in Response to Number of Root-lesion Nematodes and Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-320
Author(s):  
J.L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

The effects of temperature and root-lesion nematodes [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] on the growth of newly germinated `Bartlett' pear seedlings (Pyrus communis L.) were examined. At five temperatures from 10 to 30C, P. penetrans (five per gram of soil) did not purple the leaves. After 8 weeks, leaf number, trunk height, and top and root weights were reduced only at 25C. The number of P. penetrans in the roots were greatest at 15 and 20C. At 20C, P. penetrans (16 per gram of soil) caused the leaves of seedlings to turn purple, and, by 6 weeks after treatment, the nematodes had reduced leaf production, trunk elongation, and top and root growth.

Pratylenchus penetrans and the potato early dying disease.

2021 ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
Ann E. MacGuidwin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Potato Early Dying ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Early Dying Disease ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Early Dying ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Growing Region

Abstract Pratylenchus penetrans is a cosmopolitan species reported from 69 countries representing every continent except Antarctica. P. penetrans has a wide host range including potato and is found throughout the potato growing region of the northern USA. Most potato fields are infested with the fungus Verticillium dahliae as well as root lesion nematodes, and a disease interaction between the two has been demonstrated for multiple soil types, potato cultivars and production regions. The significance of the interaction between P. penetrans and V. dahliae is that it is synergistic rather than additive. This chapter discusses the economic importance, distribution, symptoms of damage, biology and life cycle, recommended integrated nematode management and management optimization of P. penetrans. Future research requirements are also mentioned.

THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC TREATMENTS AND CROP ROTATION ON SOIL POPULATIONS OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS IN STRAWBERRY CULTURE

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Morgan ◽  
W. B. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

As a source of organic material in strawberry culture, composted timothy hay resulted in the greatest depression of soil populations of root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb. 1917) Filip & Stek., 1941. In contrast, actively growing timothy sod caused the largest increase in soil nematodes.In a crop rotation, timothy also resulted in high populations of P. penetrans while beans lowered the numbers appreciably.

Pratylenchus penetrans and P. neglectus in tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Ontario

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1251-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. H. A. Olthof ◽  
M. S. Wolynetz
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pratylenchus Neglectus ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Mist Chamber ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans) were extracted from peels of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum 'Russet Burbank'). The average number of P. penetrans recovered over a 2-wk period in a mist chamber from four batches of tubers, stored for 3–18 wk at 7 °C in a cold room, ranged from 11 to 1925 nematodes tuber−1. An average of 374 Pratylenchus neglectus tuber−1 were recovered from the peels of potato Norchip, grown in soil containing on average 4370 nematodes kg−1 of soil at harvest, and stored for 19 wk at 7 °C. P. penetrans and P. neglectus were recovered only from the outer layer of potato tubers; none was found in the inner core. Planting halves of tubers containing an average of 1925 P. penetrans tuber−1 into nematode-free soil resulted in soil population densities of 2225 P. penetrans kg−1 of soil and root population densities of 884 nematodes root system−1 after 8 wk in the greenhouse. Although many, if not most, potato fields in southern Ontario are already infested by P. penetrans, these studies have shown that stored, infested tubers can initiate a new infestation. Key words: Peel, potato tuber, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, root-lesion nematode, Solanum tuberosum

scholarly journals Wild and Cultivated Strawberries Can Tolerate or Resist Root-lesion Nematode

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1074-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Potter ◽  
Adam Dale
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Fragaria Virginiana ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Growth Vigor ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Population Counts

Intraspecific crossing of `Guardian' and `Midway' cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) produced a family of genotypes, some of which suppressed root-lesion nematode [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] population counts and produced large berries and high yield. Unlike `Midway', `Guardian' also suppressed P. penetrans. Among several beach strawberry [Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch.] and woodland strawberry (Fragaria virginiana Duch.) genotypes, variation was found in resistance and tolerance to root-lesion nematodes. Three F. chiloensis genotypes showed tolerance, and at least two genotypes may be somewhat resistant. Three F. virginiana genotypes also were tolerant, and three were resistant. Also, one (`Little Cataraqui 4') combined root growth vigor with nematode resistance. We concluded that exploitable genetic diversity in vigor and reaction to root-lesion nematodes exists in wild Fragaria and in F. ×ananassa.

POPULATION DENSITIES OF FOUR SPECIES OF ROOT-LESION NEMATODES (Pratylenchus) IN THE OAT CULTIVARS, SAIA AND OAC WOODSTOCK

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. TOWNSHEND
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pratylenchus Neglectus ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

The population densities of four species of root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus) were examined in two cultivars of oat (Avena sativa L.) grown in greenhouse pots. The cultivar Saia harbored fewer P. neglectus and P. penetrans than the cultivar OAC Woodstock, while both cultivars were similar hosts for P. sensillatus. Pratylenchus crenatus did not develop in either cultivar.Key words: Oat, population density, Pratylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus sensillatus

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document