scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DOUBLE V-SHAPED OPENERS WITH FURROW COMPACTION FUNCTION ON SEEDBED CHARACTERISTICS AND SOYBEAN EMERGENCE UNDER DOUBLE ROW RIDGE CULTIVATION TECHNIQUE

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-322
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Zheng ◽  
Jiameng Fang ◽  
Yuqing Zhao ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Zhi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Soybean Seedling ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Cultivation Technique ◽  
Compaction Force ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Based on the technical characteristics of double-row ridge planting, a double V-shaped opener with the furrow compaction function was designed. This opener with the sliding knife and profiling mechanism was capable of furrow opening, compacting and profiling, and thereby created excellent seedbeds with tight bottom and soft soils. Through sunlight greenhouse tests, the effects of the double V-shaped opener on seedbed characteristics and soybean emergence were studied under the compaction forces of T1 (0 N), T2 (500 N), T3 (600 N) and T4 (700 N). The furrow compaction planting significantly affected the seedbed characteristics and soybean emergence and could preserve soil moisture in seedbeds. Under the semiarid condition, the average emergence time under T2 was 0.79 day earlier than under T1, and the emergence rates under T2, T3 and T4 were significantly raised. The seedling height uniformity under T2 was 5.34% higher than under T1. The average emergence time ranked from early to later as T3<T4<T2. The deep seeding uniformity, the emergence uniformity and the average seedling height were all improved as the furrow compaction force was enlarged within 500-700 N. Furrow compaction could preserve soil moisture in seedbeds, and the seedbed soil physical properties and soybean seedling emergence were optimized under the furrow compaction force of 600-700 N.

scholarly journals Effects of Sand Burial Depth on Xanthium Spinosum Seed Germination and Seedling Growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuanyuan Tao ◽  
Tian-cui Sang ◽  
Jun-jie Yan ◽  
Yun-xia Hu ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Sand Burial ◽  
Emergence Rate

Abstract different sand burial depths on seed germination, seedling emergence, growth and biomass allocation were studied to provide a scientific basis for further control of X. spinosum. Six sand burial depths (1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 cm) were established to explore the response of X. spinosum seed germination and seedling growth to sand burial. The first emergence time, peak emergence time, emergence rate, seedling growth height, biomass and biomass distribution of X. spinosum seeds had significant effects at different sand burial depths (P < 0.05). The X. spinosum seeds had the highest emergence rate (71.5%) at 1 cm sand burial and the maximum seedling height (7.1 cm). As sand burial depth increased, the emergence rate and seedling height gradually decreased, and the emergence rate (12.25%) and seedling height (2.9 cm) were lowest at 9 cm sand burial. The root length at 9 cm depth (13.6 cm) was significantly higher than that at other sand depths (P < 0.05). The sand burial depth affected the biomass accumulation and distribution of X. spinosum. As sand burial depth increased, the root biomass and rhizome ratio increased, and the most deeply buried seedlings allocated more biomass for root growth. The optimal sand burial depth for seed germination and seedling growth of X. spinosum was 1–3 cm, and high burial depth (5–9 cm) was not conducive to the germination and growth of X. spinosum seedlings. For prevention and control of X. spinosum, we suggest deeply ploughing crops before sowing to ensure X. spinosum seeds are ploughed into a deep soil layer.

Effects of fluid drilling germinating onion seeds on seedling emergence and subsequent plant growth

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Finch-Savage
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Germinated Seeds ◽  
Fluid Drilling

SummaryThe seedling emergence from fluid-drilled germinating and natural onion seeds was compared at five sowing dates between 10 February and 18 May on irrigated and unirrigated plots in two experiments. In the second experiment fluid-drilled seeds selected for uniform germination were also included. There were few significant differences between the emergence of seedlings from germinating and natural seeds in the field sowings of Expt 1. However, a reduction in mean emergence time at the earliest sowing led to an increase in bulb weight while a reduction in the spread of emergence at sowing 3 led to a reduced coefficient of variation of bulb diameter at harvest. Under the less variable conditions on the irrigated plots of Expt 2 germinating seeds reduced mean emergence time and increased percentage emergence compared with natural seed at some sowings. Fluid-drilled selected germinated seeds, however, reduced mean emergence time and increased percentage emergence at every sowing and reduced the spread of emergence at all but the first sowing compared with natural seed.Low soil moisture content made seedling emergence more unpredictable and reduced the benefits gained by sowing germinated seeds. The results presented suggest that techniques to increase the proportion of germinated seeds at the point of sowing and economical methods of applying water during periods of low soil moisture following sowing are needed if the full benefits of fluid drilling are to be realized.

scholarly journals Emergence of Matriconditioned Cowpea and Pigeonpea Seeds at Different Soil Moisture Levels

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 868D-868
Author(s):  
Lurline E. Marsh ◽  
Dyremple B. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Increasing seed moisture has been beneficial in improving seedling emergence of some crops. Seed moisture contents of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes (MN13, Pinkeye Purple Hull, and IT 82E-16) and two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) (ICPL 85024 and ICPL 8304) were modified by incubating a 10 seed: 4 celite: 13 water (by weight) mixture at 15C. Conditioned seeds had moisture contents ranging from 46% to 64%, while nontreated seeds ranged from 4% to 8%. Matriconditioned and nontreated seeds had <15% emergence at 28 days after planting (DAP) in dry field conditions, where precipitation was <41 mm. In greenhouse tests at 14 DAP, matriconditioning had a negative effect on seeds in flooded, moist, and dry soils. The percent emergence for these seeds was 40% when compared to 60% for nontreated ones. Conditioning did not affect percent emergence at 7 DAP, days to first emergence, and percentage of germinated, unemerged seeds at 14 DAP. In the dry soil, emergence was less and later, and more germinated, unemerged seeds were present at 14 DAP. Cowpeas averaged 56% germination and pigeonpeas were 27%.

Soybean seedling emergence at high temperatures

1988 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soybean Seedling

scholarly journals Electrical conductivity of the seed soaking solution and soybean seedling emergence

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberval Daiton Vieira ◽  
Angelo Scappa Neto ◽  
Sonia Regina Mudrovitsch de Bittencourt ◽  
Maristela Panobianco
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Soybean Seedling ◽  
Seed Soaking ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Vigor of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds can be evaluated by measuring the electrical conductivity (EC) of the seed soaking solution, which has shown a satisfactory relationship with field seedling emergence, but has not had aproper definition of range yet. This work studies the relationship between EC and soybean seedling emergence both in the field and laboratory conditions, using twenty two seed lots. Seed water content, standard germination and vigor (EC, accelerated aging and cold tests) were evaluated under laboratory conditions using -0.03; -0.20; -0.40 and -0.60 MPa matric potentials, and field seedling emergence was also observed. There was direct relationship between EC and field seedling emergence (FE). Under laboratory conditions, a decreasing relationship was found between EC and FE as water content in the substrate decreased. Relationships between these two parameters were also found when -0.03; -0.20 and -0.40 MPa matric potentials were used. EC tests can be used successfully to evaluate soybean seed vigor and identify lots with higher or lower field emergence potential.

Improvement of carrot crop establishment by combining seed treatments with increased seed-bed moisture availability

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Finch-Savage ◽  
W. G. Pill
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Fluid Drilling

SUMMARYIn studies of carrots sown on three dates at Wellesbourne in 1986, mean time to seedling emergence and spread of times to seedling emergence of untreated and fluid-drilled seeds increased as seed-bed moisture at sowing decreased. These differences were not observed with irrigation before sowing.Osmotic priming increased the percentage of seeds with emerged radicles at the time of fluid drilling from 17% in the untreated control to 56%. Irrespective of seed-bed moisture, time to emergence was shorter from primed germinating seeds than from germinating seeds, both treatments giving earlier seedling emergence than untreated seeds. Seedling shoot weight was greater from treated than from untreated seeds.Seed-bed characteristics on unirrigated plots had no effect on seedling emergence when soil moisture was adequate but, where soil moisture was limiting, rolling the seed bed to increase capillarity resulted in 79% emergence compared with the 67% average from seed beds that were not rolled. Application of a soil conditioner to stabilize the seed-bed surface structure generally improved emergence when rain fell soon after sowing. The results suggested that a combination of seed-bed and seed treatments can significantly improve the predictability of crop establishment of carrots on different dates.

scholarly journals Characterizing Soil Physical Properties for Soil Moisture Monitoring with the North Carolina Environment and Climate Observing Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 933-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weinan Pan ◽  
R. P. Boyles ◽  
J. G. White ◽  
J. L. Heitman
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Moisture Monitoring

Abstract Soil moisture has important implications for meteorology, climatology, hydrology, and agriculture. This has led to growing interest in development of in situ soil moisture monitoring networks. Measurement interpretation is severely limited without soil property data. In North Carolina, soil moisture has been monitored since 1999 as a routine parameter in the statewide Environment and Climate Observing Network (ECONet), but with little soils information available for ECONet sites. The objective of this paper is to provide soils data for ECONet development. The authors studied soil physical properties at 27 ECONet sites and generated a database with 13 soil physical parameters, including sand, silt, and clay contents; bulk density; total porosity; saturated hydraulic conductivity; air-dried water content; and water retention at six pressures. Soil properties were highly variable among individual ECONet sites [coefficients of variation (CVs) ranging from 12% to 80%]. This wide range of properties suggests very different behavior among sites with respect to soil moisture. A principal component analysis indicated parameter groupings associated primarily with soil texture, bulk density, and air-dried water content accounted for 80% of the total variance in the dataset. These results suggested that a few specific soil properties could be measured to provide an understanding of differences in sites with respect to major soil properties. The authors also illustrate how the measured soil properties have been used to develop new soil moisture products and data screening for the North Carolina ECONet. The methods, analysis, and results presented here have applications to North Carolina and for other regions with heterogeneous soils where soil moisture monitoring is valuable.

scholarly journals Experimental sand burial affects seedling survivorship, morphological traits, and biomass allocation of <i>Ulmus pumila</i> var. <i>sabulosa</i> in the Horqin Sandy Land, China

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Tang ◽  
Carlos Alberto Busso ◽  
Deming Jiang ◽  
Ala Musa ◽  
Dafu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Horqin Sandy Land ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Ulmus Pumila ◽  
Sand Burial ◽  
Seedling Survivorship

Abstract. As a native tree species, Ulmus pumila var. sabulosa (sandy elm) is widely distributed in the Horqin Sandy Land, China. However, seedlings of this species have to withstand various depths of sand burial after emergence because of increasing soil degradation, which is mainly caused by overgrazing, climate change, and wind erosion. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the changes in its survivorship, morphological traits, and biomass allocation when seedlings were buried at different burial depths: unburied controls and seedlings buried vertically up to 33, 67, 100, or 133 % of their initial mean seedling height. The results showed that partial sand burial treatments (i.e., less than 67 % burial) did not reduce seedling survivorship, which still reached 100 %. However, seedling mortality increased when sand burial was equal to or greater than 100 %. In comparison with the control treatment, seedling height and stem diameter increased at least by 6 and 14 % with partial burial, respectively. In the meantime, seedling taproot length, total biomass, and relative mass growth rates were at least enhanced by 10, 15.6, and 27.6 %, respectively, with the partial sand burial treatment. Furthermore, sand burial decreased total leaf area and changed biomass allocation in seedlings, partitioning more biomass to aboveground organs (e.g., leaves) and less to belowground parts (roots). Complete sand burial after seedling emergence inhibited its re-emergence and growth, even leading to death. Our findings indicated that seedlings of sandy elm showed some resistance to partial sand burial and were adapted to sandy environments from an evolutionary perspective. The negative effect of excessive sand burial after seedling emergence might help in understanding failures in recruitments of sparse elm in the study region.

Combined effects of site preparation, soil properties, and sowing date on the establishment of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies from seeds

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle de Chantal ◽  
Kari Leinonen ◽  
Hannu Ilvesniemi ◽  
Carl Johan Westman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Frost Heaving

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of site preparation on soil properties and, in turn, the emergence, mortality, and establishment of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Norway spruce) seedlings sown in spring and summer along a slope with variation in soil texture and moisture. Three site preparation treatments of varying intensities were studied: exposed C horizon, mound (broken L–F–H–Ae–B horizons piled over undisturbed ground), and exposed Ae–B horizons. Seedling emergence was higher in the moist growing season than in the dry one. During a dry growing season, mounds and exposed C horizon had negative effects on soil moisture that increased mortality. Moreover, frost heaving was an important cause of winter mortality on mounds and exposed C horizon, whereas frost heaving was low on exposed Ae–B horizons, even though soil moisture and the content of fine soil particles (<0.06 mm) were high. Frost heaving mortality was higher for summer-sown than for spring-sown seedlings and for P. abies than for P. sylvestris. Growing season mortality was high following a winter with frost heaving, suggesting that roots were damaged, thereby making seedlings more susceptible to desiccation.

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