scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation Rate and Frequency on Young Citrus Tree Performance and Root Distribution

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 577b-577
Author(s):  
Larry R. Parsons ◽  
T. Adair Wheaton
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Daily Evapotranspiration ◽  
Wetted Area ◽  
Orange Trees

Hamlin orange trees on Swingle rootstock planted in 1991 were subjected to six different rates of irrigation with approximately the same amounts of water applied either daily (1-day), every other day (2-day), or every 4th day (4-day). Rates provided from 0.43 to 1.95 of historical daily evapotranspiration (ET) applied to the wetted area. Irrigation was delayed following rainfall. The effects of irrigation rate and frequency on trunk and canopy growth, yield, soil water content, root distribution, and total water use were studied. There was little effect of irrigation rate or frequency during the first 2 years after planting. However, tree growth improved with increasing irrigation rate during the 3rd and 4th years, and growth in these years was greater when irrigation was scheduled daily. Effects of rate and frequency on growth were not as great as expected. Yield increased as irrigation increased in 1994. Leaf nitrogen was generally higher at the lower irrigation rate. Soil water content varied with depth. Extraction of soil water was more rapid in the top 45 cm of soil. Roots after 4 years did not extend below 45 cm with 60% of the roots in the top 15 cm and 90% in the top 30 cm. Roots were concentrated closer to the trunk for trees at the lower irrigation rates.

On-farm effect of bamboo intercropping on soil water content and root distribution in rubber tree plantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-221
Author(s):  
Yusef Andriyana ◽  
Philippe Thaler ◽  
Rawee Chiarawipa ◽  
Jessada Sopharat
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals Optimizing the Positioning of Soil Moisture Monitoring Sensors in Winter Wheat Fields

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1707
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Shen ◽  
Jing Liang ◽  
Ketema Zeleke ◽  
Yueping Liang ◽  
Guangshuai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
Total Average

Collecting accurate real-time soil moisture data in crop root zones is the foundation of automated precision irrigation systems. Soil moisture sensors (SMSs) have been used to monitor soil water content (SWC) in crop fields for a long time; however, there is no generally accepted guideline for determining optimal number and placement of soil moisture sensors in the soil profile. In order to study adequate positioning for the installation of soil moisture sensors in the soil profile, six years of field experiments were carried out in North China Plain (NCP). Soil water content was measured using the gravimetric method every 7 to 10 days during six growing seasons of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), and root distribution was measured using a soil core method during the key periods of winter wheat growth. The results from the experimental data analysis show that SWC at different depths had a high linear correlation. In addition, the values of correlation coefficients decreased with increasing soil depth; the coefficient of variation (CV) of SWC was higher in the surface layers than in the deeper layers (depths were 0–40 cm, 0–60 cm, and 0–100 cm during the early, middle, and last stages of winter wheat, respectively); wheat roots were mainly distributed in the surface layer. According to an analysis of CV for SWC and root distribution, the depths of planned wetted layers were determined to be 0–40 cm, 0–60 cm, and 0–100 cm during the sowing to reviving stages (the early stage of winter wheat), returning green and jointing stages (the middle stage of winter wheat), and heading to maturity stage (the last stage of winter wheat), respectively. The correlation and R-cluster analyses of SWC at different layers in the soil profile showed that SMSs should be installed 10 and 30 cm below the soil surface during the winter wheat growing season. The linear regression model can be built using SWC at depths of 10 and 30 cm to predict total average SWC in the soil profile. The results of validation showed that the developed model provided reliable estimates of total average SWC in the planned wetted layer. In brief, this study suggests that suitable positioning of soil moisture sensors is at depths of 10 and 30 cm below the soil surface.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KELERENGAN DENGAN KADAR AIR TANAH, PH TANAH, DAN PENAMPILAN JERUK GERGA DI KABUPATEN LEBONG

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Nurlina Banjarnahor ◽  
Kanang Setyo Hindarto ◽  
Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Slope Steepness ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Orange Trees

[RELATIONSHIP OF SLOPE STEEPNESS TO SOIL WATER CONTENT, SOIL PH, AND PERFORMANCES OF GERGA ORANGE AT LEBONG REGENCY]. In Lebong Regency, gerga orange is commonly grown in hilly areas and many of the crop stands were found on steep sloped land. Objective of this study was to determine the pattern of relationship of slope steepness to soil water content, soil pH, and the overall plant performances. Soil samples were collected from the area below the canopy of 300 gerga orange trees differing in the slope steepness for for soil water content (SWC) and soil pH.  The observation of plant performances were also made from the same tree as used for the soil properties observations. The analysis of regression indicated that relationship of slope steepness to both the observed soil properties and plant performances could be represented by the linear models suggesting that all the observed variables were reduced along with the increasing slope steepness.

Seasonal and inter-annual photosynthetic response of representative C4 species to soil water content and leaf nitrogen concentration across a tropical seasonal floodplain

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Mantlana ◽  
A. Arneth ◽  
E. M. Veenendaal ◽  
P. Wohland ◽  
P. Wolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Okavango River

AbstractWe examined the seasonal and inter-annual variation of leaf-level photosynthetic characteristics of three C4 perennial species, Cyperus articulatus, Panicum repens and Imperata cylindrica, and their response to environmental variables, to determine comparative physiological responses of plants representing particular microhabitats within a seasonal tropical floodplain in the Okavango River Delta, Botswana. Five measurement campaigns were carried out over a period of 2 y which covered two early rainy seasons, two late rainy seasons and one dry season. For all three species, light-saturated net photosynthetic rates (Asat) and stomatal conductance (gsat) decreased with decreasing soil water content with a seasonal range for Asat of approximately 5–45 μmol m−2 s−1, and for gsat of 0.03–0.35 mol m−2 s−1. The species representing the wettest microhabitat (Cyperus) had the highest gsat at low leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficits (Dl), the highest ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca), as well as the highest degree of variation in Ci/Ca from season to season. We interpret this as being indicative of its adaptation to a moist growth environment allowing for non-conservative water use strategies as soil moisture is usually abundant. For all three species there was significant variation in photosynthetic fluxes from one year to another that was related to variation in leaf nitrogen and phosphorus. This study shows that when assessing the role of savanna stands in large-scale carbon balance models, the remarkable inter-annual variation in leaf photosynthesis reported in this study should be taken into account.

SOIL WATER CONTENT AFFECTS THE AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHATE

1985 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
M.C.H.Mouat Pieter Nes
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Equivalent Reduction

Reduction in water content of a soil increased the concentration of ammonium and nitrate in solution, but had no effect on the concentration of phosphate. The corresponding reduction in the quantity of phosphate in solution caused an equivalent reduction in the response of ryegrass to applied phosphate. Keywords: soil solution, soil water content, phosphate, ryegrass, nutrition.

Effect of inter-row cultivation on soil carbon dioxide emission in a peach plantation

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tóth ◽  
Cs. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content

Soil biological properties and CO2emission were compared in undisturbed grass and regularly disked rows of a peach plantation. Higher nutrient content and biological activity were found in the undisturbed, grass-covered rows. Significantly higher CO2fluxes were measured in this treatment at almost all the measurement times, in all the soil water content ranges, except the one in which the volumetric soil water content was higher than 45%. The obtained results indicated that in addition to the favourable effect of soil tillage on soil aeration, regular soil disturbance reduces soil microbial activity and soil CO2emission.

Evaluation of a Multi-Rod Probe Performance for Accurate Measurements of Soil Water Content

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Szerement ◽  
Aleksandra Woszczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Szyplowska ◽  
Marcin Kafarski ◽  
Arkadiusz Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content
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