scholarly journals Effect of Cutting Characteristics on Cut-stem Quality of Single-stem Roses

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 654b-654
Author(s):  
Robert G. Anderson ◽  
Wenwei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Stem Length ◽  
Numerical Sequence ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Initial Node ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Stem Quality

Commercial quality cut-roses were produced in a single-stem production system from single-node cuttings. Single-node cuttings from cut stems of `Lady Diana' rose were characterized by the location of the node of origin in numerical sequence from the flower and initial stem size, large (thick stems, long length, many nodes), moderate (moderate thickness, moderate length, and node number), and small (generally not commercial quality). Cuttings were treated with a 5-second dip in 500 ppm IBA/250 ppm NAA solution, placed in growing media in 8-cm pots and placed under intermittent mist (5 second every 5 minutes) with growing medium temperature of 35°C. Seven sequential crops of rose cuttings were grown from Feb. through May 1995. The initial node of origin was significantly correlated to the final stem length of the single-stem rose and to the number of days for axillary budbreak on the cutting. The number of days to rooting was not effected by the initial node of origin of the cutting. The correlation with initial stem size had variable results.

scholarly journals Selection of Willows for Floral and Stem Quality and Continuous Production Sequence in Temperate North America

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Kuzovkina ◽  
Martin F. Quigley
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Color Displays ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Species Hybrids ◽  
Selection Of

The study addresses the problem of diversification and quality of willow (Salix) cut stems. Very few ornamental willow species are currently in production for the cut-stem trade in temperate North America, and they have a relatively short annual harvest period. This study selected 20 taxa of willow with the potential for cut-stem industry based on observations of more than 150 taxa in central Ohio for 4 years. Growth and ornamental qualities of branches and inflorescences of those species, hybrids, or cultivars were measured and evaluated. The species range in hardiness from USDA zones 2 through 7, but the majority are best suited to zone 4 and 5 conditions. Specific descriptions of each species are provided, focusing on those details important for the floral industry including stem length, bark and bud colors, catkin color and quality, optimal harvest time, and the sequence of bloom among species. Stems for catkin display can be harvested and marketed from January through April. Branches used for bark and bud color displays and for stem shape have an even longer harvest period. New selections provide a greater range of stem size, catkin characteristics, bark and bud color, and prolonged harvest period, than commonly used pussy-willows.

scholarly journals Local Community Detection Algorithm Based on Minimal Cluster

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Guibin Sun ◽  
Yan Xing ◽  
Ranran Zhou ◽  
Zhixiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Community Detection ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Initial Node ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Local Community Detection ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Community Detection Algorithm

In order to discover the structure of local community more effectively, this paper puts forward a new local community detection algorithm based on minimal cluster. Most of the local community detection algorithms begin from one node. The agglomeration ability of a single node must be less than multiple nodes, so the beginning of the community extension of the algorithm in this paper is no longer from the initial node only but from a node cluster containing this initial node and nodes in the cluster are relatively densely connected with each other. The algorithm mainly includes two phases. First it detects the minimal cluster and then finds the local community extended from the minimal cluster. Experimental results show that the quality of the local community detected by our algorithm is much better than other algorithms no matter in real networks or in simulated networks.

scholarly journals Sprouting Temperature and Growth Regulators Influence Cut Flower Quality of Sandersonia aurantiaca

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1167-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay J. Davies ◽  
Ian R. Brooking ◽  
Jocelyn L. Catley ◽  
Elizabeth A. Halligan
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Flower Stem ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Temperature And Growth ◽  
Flower Quality ◽  
Cut Flower Quality

Tubers of Sandersonia aurantiaca Hook. were soaked in 1000 mg·L-1 GA3, 20 mg·L-1 uniconazole, 200 mg·L-1 benzyladenine, or water for 2 hours and then sprouted at 12, 18, or 24 °C. The effects of these treatments on flower stem quality were then determined at forcing temperatures of 18, 24, or 30 °C. Stem length increased with sprouting temperature only at a forcing temperature of 18 °C. Floret numbers increased with sprouting temperature at all forcing temperatures, but the effect was greatest at the 18 °C forcing temperature. The 12 °C sprouting treatment reduced floret numbers at all forcing temperatures. Soaking tubers in GA3 increased stem length but drastically reduced floret numbers, while soaking in uniconazole reduced stem length but had no significant effect on floret numbers. Soaking in BA strongly promoted branching, which resulted in large increases (>30%) in floret numbers per stem with little change in stem length. Of the three growth regulators, only BA was effective in improving cut flower stem quality. Chemical names used: gibberellic acid (GA3); (E)-(+)-(S)-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-pent-1-ene-3 -ol (uniconazole); N6-benzylamino purine (benzyladenine; BA).

scholarly journals Developmental Stages of Single-stem Cut Rose Production

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 654a-654
Author(s):  
Robert G. Anderson ◽  
Wenwei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
Stage 1

Commercial quality cut-roses were produced in a single-stem production system from single node cuttings. A significant advantage to single-stem rose production is that specific environments can be used for specific developmental stages of rose growth. In stage 1 (propagation), cuttings were treated with a 5-second dip in 500 ppm IBA/250 ppm NAA solution, placed in growing media in 8-cm pots, and placed under intermittent mist (5 second every 5 minutes) with growing medium temperature of 35°C. In stage 2 (axillary budbreak and stem development to visible pea size flower bud), rooted cuttings moved to benches (200 stems/m2) in a greenhouse at 14 to 16°C night, and plants received 12 hours supplemental light at 80 to 100 mol·m–2s–1. In stage 3 (stem elongation and flower bud development), small rose plants (30 to 35 cm tall with a pea-size flower bud) were moved to 100 stems/m2 in a greenhouse at 14 to 16°C night with ambient light. Through seven sequential crops of rose cuttings grown from Feb. through May 1995, rooting required a mean of 16 days, flower buds were visible in 42 days, and flower harvest required a mean of 58 days. Accumulated radiation and average temperatures through the spring had significant effects on the number of days in each developmental stage of rose growth.

scholarly journals Growth and Flower Quality of Single-node Cutting Rose `Versillia' Under Irrigation Control by Integrated Solar Radiation in Aeroponics

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 764B-764
Author(s):  
Joo Hyun Lee* ◽  
Yong-Beom Lee ◽  
Kang Pal Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Irrigation Control ◽  
Flower Quality ◽  
Better Than

This study was conducted to determine the growth and flower quality of single-node cutting rose `Versillia' under two different irrigation control methods (time clock and integrated solar radiation). The frequency of irrigation was controlled by time clock and integrated solar radiation of 1.25 and 2.09 and 3.35 MJ·m-2 in aeroponics. Photosynthesis was the highest in the integrated solar radiation of 2.09 MJ·m-2 and 1.25 MJ·m-2 the lowest in the integrated solar radiation of 3.35 MJ·m-2. The growth of single-node cutting rose `Versillia' at 1.25 MJ·m-2 and 2.09 MJ·m-2 was better than 3.35 MJ·m-2 for stem length and fresh weight. Root activities of single-node cutting rose were significantly higher at 2.09 MJ·m-2 and 1.25 MJ·m-2 than those at 3.35 MJ·m-2. The irrigation control method using integrated solar radiation of 1.25-2.09 MJ·m-2 showed a improvement of plant growth and flower quality.

scholarly journals Sawlog quality and tree dimensions of Scots pine 34 years after artificial moose browsing damage

Silva Fennica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juho Matala ◽  
Harri Kilpeläinen ◽  
Henrik Heräjärvi ◽  
Tapio Wall ◽  
Erkki Verkasalo
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Controlled Experiment ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Browsing Damage ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Moose Browsing

Moose ( L.) browsing causes severe damage in Scots pine ( L.) seedling stands. The effects of this damage on the quality of sawlogs were studied in a long-term controlled experiment. This article reports the stem size and external quality characteristics of Scots pine stems 34 years after artificial moose browsing damage. Damaging the trees by clipping the main stem at the seedling stage reduced the diameter, height, and tree volume of the trees at the end of the experiment. The tree growth reduction was dependent on the severity of clipping. The differences between the damaged and the control trees were more obvious in diameter than in height at the time of final felling. Stem form defects and vertical branches were the most typical externally detectable defects caused by clipping. Defects in the butt logs were detected in 71–89% of the damaged trees, depending on the clipping treatment severity. The stronger the clipping treatment, the more likely the stem form was defected and the more commonly were vertical branches and crooks detected in the stems. The results indicate that both tree dimensions and stem quality suffer from moose browsing. The findings of this controlled experiment more likely underestimate than overestimate the damage in comparison to real moose browsing. Further analyses are required to assess the effects of browsing damage on the internal quality of sawlogs and subsequent economic outcomes.Alces alcesPinus sylvestris

Beech sapling architecture following small and medium gap disturbances in silver fir-beech old-growth forests in Slovenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurij Diaci ◽  
Lahorka Kozjek
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Relative Light Intensity ◽  
Stem Bending ◽  
Negative Effect

The objective of our research was to examine the effect of canopy shading on beech sapling architecture in the oldgrowth silver fir-beech forests of Pecka and Rajhenavski Rog. In August 2003 we sampled one plot (352 m2) in a large gap in Pecka, which was a result of a strong windstorm in 1983, and eight small gaps (26–78 m2) with similar sapling heights (3.8–8 m). A ground view of each gap was drawn including the characteristics of gap border trees and the density of separate sapling layers was recorded. The height and diameter were measured for each sapling, as well as the following quality characteristics on selected dominant saplings: width of the crown,number of larger branches and knots (>1/3 DBH), intensity of stem bending, deviation from vertical growth, number of terminal shoots, and the type of damage. The results show a negative effect of high canopy shading (estimated relative light intensity was below 5%) on the architectural quality of saplings. A lower overall density of saplings, greater intensity of bending and deviation from vertical growth, a shorter stem length without branches, a larger number of saplings with two terminal shoots, and a larger number of damaged saplings were observed in small gaps.

scholarly journals Armazenamento úmido e seco de rosas cortadas

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Gláucia Moraes Dias ◽  
José Maria Monteiro Sigrist ◽  
Patricia Cia ◽  
Sylvio Luís Honório
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Wet Storage ◽  
The World ◽  
Stem Quality

Rosa sp. is the leading cut flower commercialized in Brazil and in the world; and to maintain stem quality it should be stored at 1 °C, however, there are still doubts about the storage of roses, especially whether the stems should be cold stored in water before marketing. In order to assess the feasibility of wet and dry storage, rose stems, ‘Avalanche’ were stored for 28 days in both conditions at 1 ± 2 °C / 95% RH. Weekly stems batches were transferred to 25 °C / 70% RH and kept in vessels containing tap water for postharvest assessment. It was observed that the decrease in the quality of the roses was inversely proportional to the storage time in both treatments. Although wet storage can occur for up to 21 days, when you need to store roses for a week or two, cold storage in dry condition is advised since it is more economical and viable for the producer.

scholarly journals Response of Oxypetalum caeruleum to Irradiance, Temperature, and Photoperiod

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 910-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Armitage ◽  
N.G. Seager ◽  
I.J. Warrington ◽  
D.H. Greer ◽  
J. Reyngoud
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Stem Strength ◽  
Flower Abortion ◽  
Reduced Time

Incremental increases in temperature from 14 to 22 to 30C resulted in linear increases in stem length and node number and decreases in stem diameter and stem strength of Oxypetalum caeruleum (D. Don.) Decne. Higher temperatures also resulted in additional flower abortion, reduced time to flowering, and fewer flowering stems per inflorescence. Reduction in the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) from 695 to 315 μmol·s-1·m-2 had similar effects as increasing the temperature on vegetative characteristics, but had little effect on reproductive ones. The rate of stem elongation was greatest at low PPF for all temperatures and at high temperature for all PPF treatments. Net photosynthesis rose between 14 and 22C and declined at 30C for all PPF treatments. Long photoperiods (12 or 14 hours) resulted in longer internodes, longer stems, and more flowers per cyme than short photoperiods (8 or 10 hours), but photoperiod had little effect on flowering time. Treatments to reduce latex coagulant and silver thiosulfate treatments had no significant effect on vase life.

Lifetime Maximization of Target-Covered WSN Using Computational Swarm Intelligence

2019 ◽  
pp. 383-425
Author(s):  
Roselin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Artificial Bee Colony Optimization ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Dynamic Deployment ◽  
Coverage Hole ◽  
Bee Colony Optimization

In target-covered WSN, all critical points (CPs) are to be monitored effectively. Even a single node failure may cause coverage hole reducing the lifetime of the network. The sensor has non-rechargeable battery, and hence, energy supervision is inevitable. To maximize the lifetime of the WSN with guaranteed coverage and effective battery utilization, the activities of the sensors are to be scheduled and also the sensors may be repositioned towards the critical points. This chapter proposes an energy-efficient coverage-based artificial bee colony optimization (EEC-ABC) approach that exploits the intelligent foraging behavior of honeybee swarms to solve EEC problem to maximize the lifetime of the WSN. It also adheres to quality of service metrics such as coverage, residual energy, and lifetime. Similarly, energy-balanced dynamic deployment (EB-DD) optimization approach is proposed to heal the coverage hole to maximize the lifetime of the WSN. It positions the self-deployable mobile sensors towards the CPs to balance their energy density and thus enhances the lifetime of the network.

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