scholarly journals Fastest Growing Oaks in Species/Cultivars Trials at TSU-NCRS, McMinnville, Tenn.

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 660f-660
Author(s):  
W.T. Witte ◽  
R.J. Sauve ◽  
P.C. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Species Hybrids

Eighty-one accessions of oak species, hybrids, and cultivars from commercially available sources were established at TSU-NCRS in Fall 1993 and Spring 1994, using 10 single-plant replications in a randomized complete block. Drip irrigation was begun on a regular basis May 1994, and plants were fertilized regularly. Height and diameter was recorded Fall 1994 and 1995. Fastest growing oaks in order of cm height growth increment over the two growing seasons were nigra, phellos, texana nuttalli, cerris, macrocarpa, falcata pagodaefolia, macrocarpa `Maximus', acutissima, austrina, shumardii, muehlenbergi, falcata, robur fastigiata, lyrata, virginiana, palustris, acutissima `Gobbler', glandulifera, macrocarpa `Ashworth', gambelli ×macrocarpa, alba. Most evergeen oaks did not survive Winter 1995–96, and data will be reported on winterkill.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen on growth and architecture of Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Patmore' (green ash) in Field-grow containers at two sites in Manitoba, Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Remphrey ◽  
C. G. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Four Levels

Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fern. 'Patmore' green ash was established at two sites in southern Manitoba. Four levels of N fertilizer (4.5–400 ppm) were applied during two growing seasons. Growth and development of the trees was dependent on the site and local environmental conditions. At Morden, the annual height growth increment was greater with lower levels of N applications and declined at higher levels, while at Winnipeg higher levels resulted in greater growth. Stem diameter changes followed a similar pattern. The numbers of lateral shoots per parent shoot were only weakly affected by N treatment and any differences appeared to be an indirect effect of parental shoot length. The Field-grow containers at the Winnipeg site were installed in crass-sod which penetrated the containers and appeared to result in competition for N resources. The Morden site was kept cultivated and thus there was no such competition. At Morden, it is possible that wicking from the surrounding soil may have moved excessive salts into the containers resulting in high conductivity values and toxicity. Key words: Field-grow, biomass, roots, architecture, fertilization, Fraxinus pennsylvanica

scholarly journals Elm Growth and Japanese Beetle Damage on Selected Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 812C-812
Author(s):  
W.T. Witte ◽  
R.J. Sauve ◽  
P.C. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Beetle Damage ◽  
Heavy Infestation

Ten single plant replications of 11 taxa were planted 6 May 1994, fertilized regularly, and maintained under drip irrigation. Japanese beetle damage became apparent in mid-June. Sevin SL at 1 qt/100 gal was applied with a tractor-mounted mist blower on 22 June, and 7 and 19 July. Data on Japanese beetle populations were recorded using an arbitrary scale of 0 (no beetles) to 10 (heavy infestation). Damage on each tree was recorded using an arbitrary scale of 0 (no damage) to 10 (completely skeletonized). The annual increment in height and caliper growth was recorded for each tree in Fall 1994. Ulmus japonica and U. glabra `Pendula' had the most height growth (>60 cm increment) but were not significantly different from most other accessions, while NA 60070, U. crassifolia, and NA 60071 had significantly slower growth than the former group(<25 cm increment). Japanese beetles fed first on U. carpinifolia `Variegata', NA 60071, and 60070, skeletonizing most of the new growth before the first Sevin application, resulting in the most damage. This may have resulted in poor growth of the USDA/NA selections in 1994.

scholarly journals Growth of Silver Maple and Boxelder Taxa in Tennessee

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 812D-812
Author(s):  
W.T. Witte ◽  
R.J. Sauve ◽  
P.C. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Acer Saccharinum ◽  
Intermediate Data ◽  
Silver Maple

Several commercially available Acer saccharinum and A. negundo taxa were established with 10 single-plant replications in a cultivar trial at the TSU–NCRS in 1993 and 1994. Each plant was fertilized in spring and early summer with 100 gm 15–15–15 beginning Summer 1993. Drip irrigation was applied as needed beginning Summer 1993. Vegetation within tree rows was controlled with preemergent and postemergent herbicides, while grassed middles were mowed. Growth data were recorded in Fall 1993 and 1994 and height and caliper increment calculated for the 1994 season. In the silver maple group with most height growth were: `Silver Queen', `Skinneri', and `Silver Pyramid'. These differed significantly from a group of four slower growing cultivars. Cultivars with the most height growth also had the most caliper growth. Seedling boxelder grew faster than one accession of `Flamingo', while three other cultivars were intermediate. Data will also be presented on insect and disease ratings.

scholarly journals Growth of Sugar Maple Taxa in Tennessee

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 812E-812
Author(s):  
W.T. Witte ◽  
R.J. Sauve ◽  
P.C. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Group Of Seven

Commercially available Acer saccharum cultivars, and some closely related species accessions (floridanum, leucoderme, macrophyllum, and nigrum `Greencolumn'), were established as 10 single-plant replications in a cultivar trial at the TSU–NCRS in 1993 and Spring 1994. Plants were regularly fertilized and drip irrigation was begun Summer 1993. Growth data were recorded each fall and height and caliper increment calculated for the 1994 season. In the group with most height growth were: `Bonfire', `Majesty', nigrum `Greencolumn', leucoderme, `Sweet Shadow', `Fairview', and macrophyllum. These, except for `Fairview' and macrophyllum, differed significantly from a group of seven slower growing cultivars. With some exceptions, cultivars with the most height growth tended to have the most caliper growth, while those with the least height growth tended to have the least caliper growth. Data will also be presented on insect and disease ratings.

The adjustment of growth, sapwood area, heartwood area, and sapwood saturated permeability of balsam fir after different intensities of pruning

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hank A. Margolis ◽  
Robert R. Gagnon ◽  
David Pothier ◽  
Marius Pineau
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth

Balsam fir trees established from advanced regeneration following a clear-cut in 1970 were pruned in June 1985 to live crown ratios of 0.6, 0.4, and 0.2 compared with control trees, which had live crown ratios of 0.8. After two growing seasons, we investigated the homeostatic adjustment of these trees to the loss of their foliage. The height growth, basal area growth, sapwood cross-sectional area, heartwood area, and sapwood saturated permeability of the trees that were pruned to a 0.6 live crown ratio were not significantly different from those of the controls. On the other hand, height growth increment following pruning was reduced 16.7 cm (23%) and 19.5 cm (27%) for the trees pruned to 0.4 and 0.2 live crown ratios, respectively. Furthermore, basal area growth following pruning was reduced 3.2 cm2 (30%) and 6.5 cm2 (61%), respectively. While trees in both the 0.4 and 0.2 live crown ratio pruning treatments did adjust their breast height sapwood area in response to the removal of foliage, the nature of this adjustment differed between the two treatments. For the trees with the 0.4 live crown ratio, sapwood area was reduced because of a reduction in basal area growth but the area of heartwood remained unchanged. For the trees with the 0.2 live crown ratio, the changes in sapwood area were due both to a reduction in basal area growth and an expansion of the heartwood. The saturated permeability of sapwood was not significantly affected by pruning. The adaptive implications of balsam fir's response to the loss of foliage are discussed in terms of the optimizing the allocation of a limited amount of available carbon.

scholarly journals Growth of Norway and Sycamore Maple Taxa in Tennessee

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 812F-812
Author(s):  
W.T. Witte ◽  
R.J. Sauve ◽  
P.C. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Sycamore Maple

Commercially available Norway and sycamore maple taxa were established as 10 single-plant replications in a cultivar trial at the TSU–NCRS in 1993 and Spring 1994. Each plant was fertilized regularly and drip irrigation was begun Summer 1993. Vegetation within tree rows was controlled with preemergent and postemergent herbicides, while grassed middles were mowed. Growth data was recorded in Fall 1993 and 1994 and height and caliper increment calculated for the 1994 season. In this group of 29 taxa, 9 cultivars were in the group with most height growth: `Columnare', `Pond', `Deborah', `Crystal', `Parkway', `Columnarbroad', `Schwedleri', `Summershade', and `Fairview'. With some exceptions, cultivars with the most height growth tended to have the most caliper growth, while those with the least height growth tended to have the least caliper growth, with the notable exception of `Columnar'. Data will also be presented on insect and disease ratings.

scholarly journals Four Site-Preparation Techniques for Regenerating Pine-Hardwood Mixtures in the Piedmont

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Waldrop
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Abstract Four variations of the fell-and-burn technique, a system developed to produce mixed pine-hardwood stands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, were compared in the Piedmont region. All variations of this technique successfully improved the commercial value of low-quality hardwood stands by introducing a pine component. After six growing seasons, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) occupied the dominant crown position and oaks the codominant position in fell-and-burn treated stands on poor to medium quality sites. The precise timing of felling residual stems, as prescribed by the fell-and-burn technique, may be flexible because winter and spring felling produced similar results. Although summer site preparation burns reduced hardwood height growth by reducing the length of the first growing season, they did not improve pine survival or growth. Pines were as tall as hardwoods within four growing seasons in burned plots and within six growing seasons in unburned plots. Additional research is needed to determine the level or intensity of site preparation needed to establish pine-hardwood mixtures over a range of site conditions. South. J. Appl. For. 21(3):116-122.

Boron and Magnesium Fertilization of a Coastal Douglas-Fir Plantation

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Green ◽  
R. E. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
A Site ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Severe Growth

Abstract This study examines the role of boron and magnesium nutrition in the occurrence of severe growth distortion symptoms in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) in the Skwawka River valley of south coastal British Columbia. Four fertilizer treatments including boron (2.25 kg B/ha), magnesium (42 kg Mg/ha), boron plus magnesium, and a control, were applied in conjunction with planting on a site believed to be deficient in these nutrients. After 5 growing seasons, only treatments containing boron (B and B+Mg) showed improved height growth over the control trees. The incidence of leader dieback, swollen leading shoots, and foliage distortion was significantly related to treatment with virtually no occurrence in plots treated with boron. Seedling uptake of applied boron was high, with foliar concentrations of 45 ppm found after the second growing season. Foliar B levels declined to 13-15 ppm after 5 growing seasons. No significant increase in foliar magnesium levels was detected for either of the magnesium treatments. The reduction in the incidence of leader dieback and shoot and foliar symptoms in seedlings treated with B indicate that these symptoms were the result of boron deficiencies. This is the first study to verify boron deficiency in coastal Douglas-fir through fertilizer trials. West. J. Appl. For. 8(2):48-53.

scholarly journals Five Years of Vegetation Succession Following Vegetation Management Treatments in a Jack Pine Ecosystem

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Pitt ◽  
Andrée E. Morneault ◽  
Philip Bunce ◽  
F.Wayne Bell
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Crown Closure

Abstract Five years of data on vegetation dynamics and succession are provided for six operational release treatments applied to three 2- to 4-yr-old jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) plantations in central Ontario. Treatments included 3 yr of annual noncrop vegetation removal, conventional aerial spray with glyphosate (1.42 kg ae/ha), ground application of glyphosate with a mist blower, basal-bark application of triclopyr, motor-manual cutting (brush saw), and no treatment. Conventional aerial spraying and annual removal resulted in the greatest jack pine crop growth, with trees exceeding 90% crown closure, 7 cm in groundline diameter, and 3 m in height (stem volume index = 5.1 dm³) after 5 growing seasons. The cover of herbaceous plants was highest (30–50%) in the aerial spray plots during the observation period. Deciduous tree, shrub, and fern species remained well represented on these plots, although total cover and height were low (≤ 35% and 1 m, respectively). Mist-blower and brush-saw plots contained mid-sized pine (3.5 dm³) with 69% crown closure. In contrast, untreated and basal-bark plots contained the smallest pine (2.3 dm3 and 31% crown closure), likely caused by heavy competition and herbicide damage, respectively. On mist-blower and basal-bark plots, good height growth was observed on untreated deciduous trees; low-shrub and fern cover remained high (46 and 30%, respectively); and herbaceous cover increased gradually to 22%. On brush-saw plots, recovery of woody cover was rapid, but height growth was relatively slow. Deciduous trees and tall shrubs dominated untreated sites (> 70% cover) by the end of the fifth growing season. Successional trends suggest that aerial spray and annual removal treatments will produce pure jack pine stands at maturity; mist blower, basal bark, and brush-saw treatments may produce mixedwood stands; and untreated plots will likely be dominated by hardwoods. North. J. Appl. For. 17(3):100–109.

Multiple-trait selection in jack pine

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Adams ◽  
E. K. Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Variance And Covariance Components

Open-pollinated jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) families were evaluated at four sites in New Brunswick after seven growing seasons for height growth, crown quality, stem straightness, branch angle, and relative branch diameter. Variance and covariance components were estimated to determine heritability of traits and genetic correlations between traits. Results indicated that there is a negative genetic correlation between height growth and all other traits. Selection based on height growth alone would result in degradation of quality traits of secondary economic importance at this age. A restricted selection index approach was examined for family roguing in seedling seed orchards because of the adverse genetic relationships between traits. Such an approach may be used to hold secondary quality traits constant, although some loss in maximum potential genetic gain in height at 7 years is incurred.

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