scholarly journals Effect of N Fertilization on `Arapaho' Thornless Blackberry

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 596A-596
Author(s):  
Joseph Naraguma ◽  
John R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Thornless Blackberry ◽  
Effect On Yield

Applications of N to blackberry plantings are a common practice in Arkansas, but fertilizer recommendations are largely based on those of other states. The need for information on fertility of a new blackberry from the Arkansas breeding program motivated this study. A three-year-old `Arapaho' blackberry planting at the University of Arkansas Fruit Substation was used for this study. Treatments which began in 1994 and continued through 1996 were: 1) control—no N applied, 2) 56 Kg N/ha applied in a single application in early spring, 3) 112 Kg N/ha applied in a single early spring application, and 4) 112 Kg/ha applied in a split application with one-half applied in the early spring and one-half applied immediately after harvest. Fruit was harvested from the plots in June and total yield and average berry weight determined. Foliar samples were collected in August and elemental analysis conducted. Primocanes in each plot were counted at the end of the growing season. Over the three years, there was no significant treatment effect on yield, berry weight, or primocane number. A trend toward higher primocane number where N was applied was seen, however. Foliar levels of N, P, K, Ca, S, and Mn were affected by either N rate or time of application. The foliar N levels were influenced by N rate and the split application gave the highest concentration. Calcium was higher when no N was applied, Mn was greater at higher N rates while the control had the lowest foliar N level in each year.

EFFECTS OF ANNUAL RATE AND TIMING OF N FERTILIZATION ON PRODUCTION OF TIMOTHY, BROMEGRASS, AND REED CANARYGRASS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NARASIMHALU ◽  
W. N. BLACK ◽  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
N Application ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Forage Yields

The effects of rate and time of N fertilization in the presence of sufficient P and K on seasonal and annual forage yields were studied on timothy, bromegrass, and reed canarygrass for 4 yr. Nitrogen treatments consisted of a control (receiving no N) and two to four split applications of N at the annual rates of 169, 225 and 280 kg N/ha. The annual rates of N application increased spring production of timothy but did not affect the seasonal and annual yields of the other crops. A split application of a portion of 225 or 280 kg N/ha in early summer instead of mid-summer increased timothy production during that season. Bromegrass production in spring was increased with an early spring application of a portion of the annual N rate of 280 kg/ha. Reed canarygrass production was not affected by split treatments of N. Nitrogen fertilization reduced white clover populations in the fields of timothy and reed canarygrass and of broad-leafed weed populations in all the forage crops.

Effect of method and time of application of nitrogen fertiliser on yield and quality of seed of creeping red fescue

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Vigorous Plant ◽  
Tiller Density

Six trials were conducted on commercial seed fields of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra) in the Peace region to evaluate the sensitivity of seed production to the method and time of application of N fertiliser. In each trial, 68 kg ha−1 N was applied using three methods (surface-broadcast, granular, ammonium nitrate 34-0-0; foliar/soil spray of 28-0-0 solution N; soil-injected 28-0-0 solution N) at each of three times (fall, early spring, late spring). No statistically significant (P = 0.05) interaction, or main effect, of method and time of N were revealed for seed yield, fertile tiller density or for several seed quality characteristics. Seed yield varied greatly among trials (142 to 1240 kg ha−1) and averaged 566 kg ha−1. The results indicate that there is considerable flexibility in the method and time of application of N fertiliser for seed production of creeping red fescue in the Peace region, provided it is applied before the commencement of vigorous plant growth in the spring. Key words: Creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra L., nitrogen fertility, grass seed production, grass seed quality

Early spring and late autumn response to applied nitrogen in four grasses

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
A. A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Leaf Extension ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

SummaryThe regrowth of Aberystwyth S. 23 perennial ryegrass, S. 24 perennial ryegrass, S. 59 red fescue and S. 170 tall fescue was studied in field swards, comparing four levels of applied nitrogen, for 8 weeks following a clearing cut. The clearing cuts were in mid-October, mid-February and mid-March in each of 3 years, different plots being used on each occasion.The application of N increased the number of leaf primordia, the number of un-emerged leaves, the rate of leaf emergence and death, leaf blade length, width and weight, sheath length, number of leaves per unit area of ground and proportion of green tissue in total yield. The application of N had little effect on the number of leaves per tiller and tended to reduce weight per unit area of leaf blade. The increase in size, weight and number of leaf blades appeared to be major reasons for the positive effect of applied N on yield, previously reported; and the increase in sheath length contributed to the increase in proportion of yield above 4 cm. Rate of leaf extension was not closely related to yield and was more sensitive to temperature than was yield. Changes during regrowth in blade and sheath length helped to explain changes in weight per tiller, previously reported. The effects of improving weather conditions in late winter/early spring were similar to the effects of applied N: larger, heavier leaf blades, longer sheaths, a taller canopy, a lower proportion of dead material, younger leaves. The length of shoot apex per leaf primordium was relatively constant. Leaves continued to emerge, at a slow rate, in the period December–February. S. 170 had the biggest leaves, particularly in May, and the slowest rate of leaf turnover. Rate of leaf extension was increased by applied N more, on average, in the ryegrasses than in the fescues.

scholarly journals Split fertilization as a strategy to reduce the amount of fertilizer applied in potato crops form Colombia. Case of study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-248
Author(s):  
Oscar Iván Monsalve ◽  
Eduardo María Espitia ◽  
Martha Marina Bolaños-Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Potato Plant ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Positive Effect

In potato crops in Colombia, fertilization has low efficiency in terms of absorption of nutrients by the plant due to fixing, leaching or volatilization processes. To counter this phenomenon, we evaluated the effect of the split application of fertilizers on potato plants and soil. Five treatments were evaluated: Control - fertilization used by farmers locally; As - fertilization recommended by the lab; AsSplit - monthly split of lab recommendation; AsSplit25 - monthly split of lab recommendation, reduced globally by 25%; AsSplit50 - monthly split of the lab recommendation, reduced globally by 50%. AsSplit treatment generated the highest yield (34.13 t ha-1), while treatments that reduced the amount of fertilizer by 25% and 50% obtained the lowest yield (30.94 and 29.57 t ha-1, respectively). However, they generated the lowest amount of NO3- in the leachate measurements at 30 and 90 cm deep. Our results suggest that designing the fertilization formula and applying it according to the requirements of the potato plant and soil fertility generates a positive effect on yield crop and environmental.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization of Strawberry Cultivars: Is Preplant Starter Fertilizer Needed?

EDIS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
Alicia J. Whidden
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Starter Fertilizer ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

HS-1116, a 2-page illustrated fact sheet by Bielinski M. Santos and Alicia J. Whidden, summarizes for growers the results of studies conducted to determine whether using preplant starter N fertilization increases strawberry early and total yield. Published August 2007. HS1116/HS370: Nitrogen Fertilization of Strawberry Cultivars: Is Preplant Starter Fertilizer Needed? (ufl.edu)

ETHEPHON AS A CHEMICAL HARVESTING AID FOR THE LATE SEASON HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY COVILLE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. FORSYTH ◽  
D. L. CRAIG ◽  
R. STARK
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Solids Content

Single applications of ethephon (1,000 pm) were made at three treatment dates to 20-yr-old Coville highbush blueberry plants. Berry weight, titratable acid, soluble solids content and yield were recorded. Average weight per berry was not consistently different in treated berries than in untreated but in both years the second and third sprays decreased the mean berry weight faster than occurred in the controls or first spray. Total yield was only slightly affected by treatment, indicating that a yield reduction would not be expected through the use of ethephon. Ethephon increased the rate at which the soluble solids and titratable acid (as citric) reached the normal level for ripe fruit.

Ethylene-induced fruit ripening in arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.)

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
EC Winston ◽  
M Hoult ◽  
CJ Howitt ◽  
RK Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Berry Ripening ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

The effects of ethephon on arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) were tested in experiments conducted over 2 years in North Queensland. Rates tested were 0, 125, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, and 2000 mgkg, applied when 15-20% (early treatment) or 45-50% (late treatment) of fruit were coloured. Measurements were made on the degree of leaf and fruit abscission, berry ripening, and berry weight. Ethephon did not cause significant fruit abscission, but rates >500 mg/kg caused unacceptable leaf abscission. Rates of 250 mg/kg were marginally acceptable in terms of leaf abscission. Excessive defoliation led to dieback, which resulted in a reduced crop the following season. Ethephon concentrated berry ripening, significantly increased the number of red (mature) berries, and decreased the number of green (immature) berries. Rates of >500 mg/kg were effective in accelerating berry ripening, while 125 mg/kg had a limited effect. Maturity stage of the bean at time of application helped to determine the ethephon response; early application of ethephon had a more pronounced effect on berry ripening than late application. Ethephon applied early at rates of 1500 and 2000 mg/kg decreased fresh berry weight compared with all other treatments but parchment weight was unaffected. Selection of a suitable rate of ethephon from these data is difficult because berry ripening is offset by leaf drop. Variability of response was also observed.

Sulfur and phosphorus dynamics in an acid soil/crop system

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Santoso ◽  
RDB Lefroy ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Weathered Soil ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
S Fertilizers ◽  
P Fertilizers

The objective of this study was to evaluate different methods, forms, and times of sulfur fertilizer application on a highly weathered soil under different rates of added lime and phosphorus. A pot experiment was conducted using a medium phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) sorbing red earth (Haplohumult) of pH (1:1 H2O) 4.9 soil. The experiment was carried out using an incomplete factorial combination of two rates of lime (0 and the equivalent of 1.5 x exchangeable Al), three rates of phosphorus (0, 10 and 30 �g P/g soil), two sources of sulfur fertilizer [elemental S (ES) and gypsum (GS)], two methods of placement of sulfur fertilizer (mixed with or separated from the P fertilizer), and two different times of sulfur application (ail treatments applied as a basal dressing and a split application, half applied as a basal and half applied 14 days after planting). Three treatments with P only (0, 10 and 30 �g P/g soil) were added as a check for S responses Liming had no effect on crop yield or S and P dynamics. The experiment demonstrated that movement and leaching losses of applied S fertilizers, and thus their efficiency, were not only determined by soil properties but also influenced by form, rate and time of application of the S fertilizers, and their placement relative to the placement of P fertilizer. In addition, the mobility and effectiveness of S fertilizers was affected by the S requirement of the plants and the fate of P fertilizer application. Gypsum provided available S immediately and thus was advantageous for rapidly growing corn. However, the immediate availability of sulfate-S from gypsum resulted in considerably higher amounts of S being lost by leaching, ranging from 2.2% to 15.7% of the applied S. On the other hand, the application of elemental S resulted in lower S losses by leaching (<1%), but the amounts of S taken up by the plant from the elemental S fertilizer were also lower, especially if the fertilizer was applied in a split application. The mixing of S and P fertilizers increased the effectiveness of gypsum and, more particularly, elemental S fertilizer. Mixing 30 �g P/g soil with a single application of elemental S increased fertilizer S uptake by the whole plant from 2.7% to 12.4%. The advantage of mixing S and P fertilizers has important agronomic implications, and suggests that combined S/P fertilizers should be investigated further on weathered soils.

EFFECT OF TIME OF APPLICATION OF HERBICIDES ON YIELD OF THREE WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY ◽  
H. G. NASS ◽  
J. B. SANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Determine Effect

In field experiments at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, herbicides were applied in the fall or spring on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to determine effect on yield. Application of 2,4-D or the mixture 2,4-D/mecoprop/dicamba in the fall gave significantly lower yields than when spring-applied on the cultivar Lennox. The herbicides MCPA, bromoxynil, dicamba, mecoprop, chlorsulfuron, MCPA/dicamba, and MCPA/bromoxynil had no adverse effect on yield of Lennox at either time of application. A further study on the cultivars Lennox, F29-76, and Borden using the herbicides MCPA, bromoxynil, MCPA/dicamba, chlorsulfuron, and dicamba showed no detrimental effects on 1000 kernel weight, or percent winter survival from fall or spring application. Yield losses were noted for spring application of dicamba but not for MCPA/dicamba and all cultivars responded similarly to all herbicide treatments.Key words: Wheat (winter) cultivars, fall versus spring application, 2,4-D, MCPA, dicamba, bromoxynil, chlorsulfuron

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