EFFECT OF TIME OF APPLICATION OF HERBICIDES ON YIELD OF THREE WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY ◽  
H. G. NASS ◽  
J. B. SANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Determine Effect

In field experiments at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, herbicides were applied in the fall or spring on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to determine effect on yield. Application of 2,4-D or the mixture 2,4-D/mecoprop/dicamba in the fall gave significantly lower yields than when spring-applied on the cultivar Lennox. The herbicides MCPA, bromoxynil, dicamba, mecoprop, chlorsulfuron, MCPA/dicamba, and MCPA/bromoxynil had no adverse effect on yield of Lennox at either time of application. A further study on the cultivars Lennox, F29-76, and Borden using the herbicides MCPA, bromoxynil, MCPA/dicamba, chlorsulfuron, and dicamba showed no detrimental effects on 1000 kernel weight, or percent winter survival from fall or spring application. Yield losses were noted for spring application of dicamba but not for MCPA/dicamba and all cultivars responded similarly to all herbicide treatments.Key words: Wheat (winter) cultivars, fall versus spring application, 2,4-D, MCPA, dicamba, bromoxynil, chlorsulfuron

THE INFLUENCE OF WATER AVAILABILITY ON WINTER WHEAT YIELDS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. JOHNSON ◽  
E. T. KANEMASU
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Soil Water Conditions

Field experiments were conducted comparing yield and yield components of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under different soil water conditions. Soil water was controlled by excluding precipitation from a 150-m2 plot area with an automatic rain shelter. Treatment regimes were described according to their relative preanthesis/postanthesis soil water content as high/high (H/H), high/low (H/L), and low/high (L/H) in 1978–1979; an additional treatment, low/low (L/L) was added in 1979–1980. A neutron probe was used to periodically monitor soil water to the 150-cm depth in each regime. Plot yields ranged from 559 g/m2 in regime H/H (1978–1979) to 267 g/m2 in L/L (1979–1980) and were positively correlated with head number per square metre (r = 0.70) and kernel number per head (r = 0.79). Low preanthesis soil water reduced head number per square metre in both years. Regimes L/H and L/L in 1979–1980, which averaged the lowest preanthesis soil water of all regimes both years, had reduced kernels per spikelet compared to regimes with high preanthesis soil water. Increased kernel weight. associated with postanthesis irrigations, generally was not enough to compensate fully for fewer kernels per square metre associated with low preanthesis soil water. The results indicate that, if drought develops before grain filling in the spring, improved tiller survival and/or floret fertility could increase yields, even if some stress continued through grain filling. Under nonstress conditions, yield appears limited most by the amount of assimilate required to fill a high number of kernels per square metre.

Wheat Cultivar Tolerance to AE F130060 03

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Bailey ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Daniel E. Brann ◽  
Carl A. Griffey
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted under weed-free conditions in 2000 and 2001 to investigate the responses of 10 soft red winter wheat cultivars to postemergence applications of the experimental herbicide AE F130060 03 at 15 g ai/ha with the crop safener AE F107892 at 30 g ai/ha. In the greenhouse, AE F130060 03 injured wheat 7 to 12% and reduced height 11 to 14% at 3 wk after treatment (WAT) across all cultivars but did not reduce biomass of any cultivar. In the field, AE F130060 03 injured wheat 11 to 32%, reduced tiller number of all cultivars except ‘Roane’, ‘Coker 9663’, and ‘VA98W-593’, and reduced height of all cultivars except ‘USG 3209’ and VA98W-593 at 3 WAT. By 9 WAT, tiller number and height of treated wheat was similar to that of nontreated wheat. AE F130060 03 did not influence moisture content or kernel weight of any cultivar. However, AE F130060 03 reduced grain yield in ‘FFR 518’, Coker 9663, and VA98W-593 in both years as well as in ‘AgriPro Patton’ in 2001. These yield reductions suggest that further investigation into soft red winter wheat cultivar tolerance to AE F130060 03 is needed.

scholarly journals Effect of topdressing with nitrogen on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ducsay ◽  
O. Ložek
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Wheat Grain

Small-plot field experiments were established in the first decade of October at the Plant Breeding Station of Sl&aacute;dkovičovo-Nov&yacute; dvor with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), variety Astella. There was investigated an effect of topdressing with nitrogen on the yield of winter wheat grain and its quality characteristics in the experiment. Nitrogenous fertilizers were applied at the growth phase of the 6<sup>th</sup> leaf (Zadoks = 29). Soil of the experimental stand was analysed for inorganic nitrogen content (N<sub>an</sub>) down to the depth of 0.6 m of soil profile. Productive nitrogen fertilizing rate was computed to ensure N<sub>an</sub> content in soil on the level of 120 and140 kg N/ha, respectively. Three various forms of fertilizers were examined, urea solution, ammonium nitrate with dolomite, and DAM-390. Different weather conditions statistically highly, significantly influenced grain yield in respective experimental years. Topdressing with nitrogen caused a statistically highly significant increase of grain yield in all fertilized variants ranging from +0.35 to +0.82 t/ha according to respective treatments. Average grain yield in unfertilised control variant represented 7.23 t/ha. Nitrogen nutrition showed a positive effect on the main macroelements offtake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) by winter wheat grain in all fertilized variants. Nitrogen fertilizing to the level of 140 kg/ha N in soil positively influenced formation of wet gluten and crude protein with highest increment in variant 5 (solution of urea) representing +12.8 and +10.7%, respectively in comparison to control unfertilised variant as well as to variant 2 (solution of urea and fertilizing on the level of120&nbsp;kg N/ha) where increments represented +8.8 and 9.7%, respectively. Thousand-kernel weight, volume weight and portion of the first class grain were not markedly influenced by nitrogen fertilizing.

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) response to herbicides as affected by application timing and temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody A. Robinson ◽  
Jocelyne Letarte ◽  
Michael J. Cowbrough ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
François J. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Time Of Application

Robinson, M. A., Letarte, J., Cowbrough, M. J., Sikkema, P. H. and Tardif, F. J. 2015. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) response to herbicides as affected by application timing and temperature. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 325–333. Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of cold temperatures and physiological growth stage at the time of application on the tolerance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to 10 herbicides used in Ontario, Canada. Herbicides were applied: early during a frost event (when forecasted temperatures ≤ 0°C); at a normal timing (Zadoks 21–29); and a late timing (Zadoks 39). Visible injury, yield, plant height at maturity, test weight and 1000-kernel weight were measured to determine if environmental conditions or growth stage at the time of herbicide application influenced wheat tolerance. Cold temperatures at the time of herbicide application resulted in injury with three treatments: 2,4-D, dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop and dichlorprop/2,4-D. Visible injury was greatest at 14 d after treatment (DAT); it was, however, transient and yield, plant height, test weight and 1000-kernel weight were not affected. The herbicides 2,4-D, dichlorprop/2,4-D, and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl caused visible injury 14 DAT when applied at the normal timing, while 2,4-D at this timing, also caused injury 7 DAT. Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop was the most injurious herbicide, causing 4% injury at the normal timing and 11% injury at the late application timing (42 DAT). Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop caused yield reductions of 11 to 24% at two locations in 2010 when applied at the normal timing. Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop reduced yield at 6 of the 8 site-years when applied late, and also reduced plant height. Cold temperatures at the time of application did not affect tolerance of winter wheat; however, visible injury was more likely to occur when herbicides were applied at later growth stages. In most cases, herbicide injury was transient and no impact on yield was observed. Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop was the most injurious herbicide, causing prolonged injury at all application timings and reducing yields when applied at the normal timing. In addition, yield and plant height were affected negatively when this herbicide was applied late.

HARMFUL EFFECT OF WORKED-DOWN WINTER WHEAT ON SPRING-SEEDED WHEAT AND RAPESEED

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FREYMAN ◽  
G. B. SCHAALJE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Causative Effect ◽  
Effect On Yield

Where winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Norstar’) was worked-down on 1 May and the plots reseeded to spring wheat immediately, no detrimental effect on yield of spring wheat was found. However, delaying this action until 15 May reduced the yields of spring-seeded wheat because of the harmful effect of decomposing winter wheat and late seeding. Moisture depletion by winter wheat was eliminated as a causative effect by light irrigations during May. Yields of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. ’Candle’) were not so severely reduced by worked-down winter wheat. The harmful effect was significant only with 30 May cultivation and seeding date.Key words: Phytotoxicity, Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris, worked-down

Agronomic evaluation of a tiller inhibition gene (tin) in wheat. I. Effect on yield, yield components, and grain protein

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
R. A. Richards ◽  
A. F. van Herwaarden ◽  
N. A. Fettell
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Productive Tiller ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Yield Penalty

Reduced tillering cereals have been proposed as being advantageous under terminal drought conditions through their reported reduction in non-productive tiller number and reduced soil water use prior to anthesis. This study was conducted to determine whether wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines containing the tiller inhibition (tin) gene have a yield penalty over their commercial near-isogenic counterparts. A terminal drought was experienced in all experiments. The effects of the tin gene were investigated in 4 different near-isogenic pairs of lines grown at 2 sowing densities at 4 locations in the eastern Australian wheatbelt over a 3-year period. Averaged over all experiments and lines, grain yield was unaffected by the presence of the tin gene. However, the highest yielding line contained the tin gene and its yield was 5% higher than all other lines. Averaged across the different genetic backgrounds, the tin gene decreased fertile spike number by 11%, increased the number of kernels/spike by 9%, and there was a 2% increase in kernel weight. The tin gene increased the harvest index by an average of 0.02, whereas above-ground biomass was reduced by 7%. Increasing sowing density from 50 to 100 kg/ha had little influence on yield or yield-related characteristics in both the restricted tillering and freely tillering lines. There was an interaction between sowing rate and the presence of the tin gene on yield, with tin lines yielding 0.2 t/ha more than the freely tillering lines at the higher sowing rate, whereas there was no effect at the lower sowing rate. The response of several lines containing the tin gene to nitrogen fertiliser was also investigated at 2 sites. Nitrogen increased spike number in all lines but the number remained around 20% less than in the freely tillering cultivars. The yield of wheat lines containing the tin gene was 6% greater than their near-isogenic pairs where nitrogen status was high in the presence of terminal drought. Grain protein concentration was unaffected by the presence of the tin gene at high grain protein sites, whereas at lower grain protein sites it had a positive effect.

scholarly journals Allelic composition of the TaCwi-A1 and TaSus2-2В genes affecting grain weight in the collection of winter wheat cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-191
Author(s):  
Alena Anatolievna Famina ◽  
Sergey Victorovich Malyshev ◽  
Oksana Yurievna Urbanovich
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cell Wall Invertase ◽  
High Association ◽  
Allelic Composition ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sink Tissue

Abstract Grain yield is closely associated with kernel weight. Cell wall invertase (CWI) and sucrose synthase (SUS) are one of the most important enzymes for sink tissue development and carbon partition, and has a high association with kernel weight. Allellic composition of the TaCwi-A1 and TaSus2-2В loci was tested in 79 winter wheat cultivars using a co-dominant markers CWI21- CWI22, which amplified 404 or 402-bp and Sus2-185/589H2- Sus2-227/589L2, which amplified 423 or 381-bp fragments in different wheat accessions respectively. Some samples carried the mutation in the TaCwi-A1 locus that negatively affects thousand-kernel weight (TKW) were shown to have TKW higher than the cultivars and lines that do not have this mutation in their genomes and despite the significant differences in TKW (from 39,4 to 59,8 g), all investigated varieties possess Hap- L haplotype. It can be attributed to the fact that the TaCwi-A1 and TaSus2-2В are only two of the genes associated with kernel weight and its allelic composition analysis cannot explain all phenotypic variances.

scholarly journals Polymorphism of Gli-D1 alleles of Kragujevac’s winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genetika ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Desimir Knezevic ◽  
Aleksandra Novoselskaya-Dragovich
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Number Of Components ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Composition of gliadins encoded by Gli-D1 allele as well polymorphisms of Gli-D1 allele investigated in 25 wheat cultivars by using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoregrams obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used for estimation variability of gliadin components and identification of gliadin blocks. Five gliadin blocks encoded by different alleles at Gli-D1 locus were apparently expressed and identified. Gliadin blocks differed according to number of components and their molecular mass. Variability of determined block components indicates that existing polymorphisms of gliadins alleles. Frequency of identified 5 alleles at Gli-D1 locus was in ratio from 4% to 52%. The highest frequency of b allele and the of g allele was found.

scholarly journals Stability of quality traits in winter wheat cultivars

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 403-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mikulíková ◽  
Š. Masár ◽  
V. Horváthová ◽  
J. Kraic
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Better Than

We investigated the stability of 15 traits of quality in 45 winter wheat cultivars grown in two seasons in the Borovce locality of Slovakia. The gluten swelling, SDS test, starch content, α-amylase (α-AMS) activity, and volume weight were affected simultaneously by the cultivar, growing year, and the country of origin. Other traits were affected by only one or two of these factors. The English cultivars, when compared to the Slovak cultivars, demonstrated lower gluten swelling and volume weight, a higher α-AMS activity, and a longer vegetative period. We observed a higher α-AMS activity in the Czech, a lower starch content in the Austrian, and a longer vegetative period in the German cultivars. In the Hungarian cultivars, we detected a lower starch and a reduced amylose contents. The most stable quality traits in both growing years were identified in the Ilona (gluten swelling), Spartakus (SDS test), Cubus (falling number), Komfort (starch), GK Margit (amylose), GK Verecke (α-AMS), Saturnus (volume weight), and Vanda (thousand-kernel weight) cultivars. Other traits, such as protein, wet gluten, sedimentation index, grain hardness, grain weight per spike, grain yield, and duration of the vegetative period, were strongly affected by the environment (growing year). The foreign cultivars such as the Komfort (AUT), Saturnus (AUT), GK Rába (HUN), GK Csongrád (HUN), Silvius (AUT), GK Bagoly (HUN), and GK Forrás (HUN) were superior for growing in Slovakia. Each of them had more quality traits that were stable, comparable, and ultimately better than the control Slovak cultivars.

scholarly journals Vernalization Response of Some Winter Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 3-4) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Košner ◽  
K. Pánková
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Vernalization Requirement ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Given

For 17 cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) different vernalization and photoperiod responses were detected. The effect of photoperiod sensitivity was not significantly changed by vernalization; different vernalization responses were probably due to the presence of multiple alleles at Vrn loci. The delay in heading depended on the vernalization deficit exponentially: y = Parameter (1) + (y0&nbsp;&ndash; Parameter (1)) &times; EXP (Parameter (2) &times; (x &ndash; x0)). The dependence was shown to be general and significant for the given model in all the studied cultivars. Individual regressions characterised responses of cultivars to a deficit of vernalization treatment. Cluster analysis according to the characterisation obtained (full vernalization requirement, minimum vernalization requirement, insufficient vernalization and parameters of the dependence) showed the relationships between cultivars and enabled their grouping by similar profiles of vernalization, and, possibly, of photoperiod response. In individual cultivars, an attempt was made to use the model to predict performance for some agronomic traits.

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