EFFECTS OF ANNUAL RATE AND TIMING OF N FERTILIZATION ON PRODUCTION OF TIMOTHY, BROMEGRASS, AND REED CANARYGRASS

The effects of rate and time of N fertilization in the presence of sufficient P and K on seasonal and annual forage yields were studied on timothy, bromegrass, and reed canarygrass for 4 yr. Nitrogen treatments consisted of a control (receiving no N) and two to four split applications of N at the annual rates of 169, 225 and 280 kg N/ha. The annual rates of N application increased spring production of timothy but did not affect the seasonal and annual yields of the other crops. A split application of a portion of 225 or 280 kg N/ha in early summer instead of mid-summer increased timothy production during that season. Bromegrass production in spring was increased with an early spring application of a portion of the annual N rate of 280 kg/ha. Reed canarygrass production was not affected by split treatments of N. Nitrogen fertilization reduced white clover populations in the fields of timothy and reed canarygrass and of broad-leafed weed populations in all the forage crops.

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Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield, storage losses and chemical composition of winter cabbage

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps91-135 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 943-946 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

S. Freyman ◽

P. M. Toivonen ◽

W. C. Lin ◽

P. W. Perrin ◽

J. W. Hall

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Key Words ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Nitrogen Rate ◽

N Application ◽

Storage Losses ◽

White Cabbage ◽

Brassica Oleracea L

Increasing rates of field nitrogen (N) application (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 kg N ha−1) resulted in markedly higher yields of winter white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata 'Bartolo') due to larger head size. Glucose and fructose contents increased with increased nitrogen. In contrast, ascorbic acid and sucrose contents declined slightly with increased nitrogen. Nitrogen rate had little effect on storage losses. The results indicated that increased N fertilization provided overall benefit to cabbage production. Key words: Cabbage, nitrogen fertilization, storage losses, yield

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291 Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization Time on Nitrogen Storage and Return Bloom of Pecan

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.492d ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 492D-492

Author(s):

Laura E. Acuña-Maldonado ◽

Michael W. Smith

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Nitrogen Storage ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Application Time ◽

Split Application ◽

Single Application ◽

N Application ◽

Nitrate N ◽

N Concentration ◽

Return Bloom

A study was conducted to compare a single nitrogen application in March (125 kg N/ha) vs. a split application in March (75 kg N/ha) and October (50 kg N/ha) on 15-year-old `Maramec'. After one season, N application time did not affect return bloom. A split N application increased trunk wood Kjeldahl-N but decreased Kjeldahl-N in the current season's reproductive shoots and 1-year-old branches compared to a single application in March. Kjeldahl-N concentration was not affected by treatment in current season's vegetative shoots, trunk bark or roots. Nitrate-N concentration was not affected by treatment in any tissue sampled. Between the first week of October and the first killing frost in November, Kjeldahl-N increased 29% in current season's shoots, 21% in trunk bark, 32% in roots >1 cm in diameter, and 15% in roots <1 cm in diameter but decreased 42% in trunk wood and 5% in 1-year-old branches. Roots <1 cm in diameter accumulated more nitrate-N than other tissues during November.

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Utilisation de l'engrais azoté marqué au 15N par le maïs selon les modes d'application et les doses d'azote

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s95-075 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 9-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Thi Sen Tran ◽

Marcel Giroux ◽

Michel P. Cescas

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

N Uptake ◽

Field Trials ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

N Recovery ◽

Split Application ◽

N Application ◽

Application Methods ◽

N Rates

The main objective of this study was to compare the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer by different methods of N application and N rates. Field experiments were carried out for 3 yr at Saint-Hyacinthe (Saint-Damase, Du Contour, Sainte-Rosalie soils) and at Saint-Lambert, Lévis (Le Bras soil). Grain corn (cv. Pride K228, 2700 CHU) and silage corn (cv. Hyland 3251, 2300 CHU) were grown at Saint-Hyacinthe and Saint-Lambert, respectively. In 1988 and 1989, field trials were arranged in a randomized complete bloc design consisting of five treatments in three replications: control 0 N and four split application methods of N fertilizer. Labelled 15NH4 15NO3 fertilizer was applied either banded at planting as starter (D), broadcast and incorporated before planting (Vs) or sidedressing between rows at V6 to V8 stages of corn (Bp). In 1990 field trials, treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha−1) labelled with 15NH4 15NO3. The effect of N rates on yield and N uptake by corn was significant in all years. However, the effect of application methods was significant only on the soil Du Contour in 1989 where corn grain yield was highest when N fertilizer was split as starter and sidedress band. The CUR of N fertilizer applied broadcast before planting (42 to 48%) was generally lower than sidedressing band application (43 to 54%). N fertilizer recovery in the starter showed also high CUR values (45 to 60%). Consequently, it is recommended to split N fertilizers and apply in band to increase efficiency for grain corn. The CUR values decreased with N rates only in Le Bras soil in 1990. Residual N fertilizer increased from 27 to 103 kg N ha−1 for 60 and 180 kg N ha−1 rates, respectively. Consequently, the environmental impact of N fertilization may increased with high N rate. Key words: Grain corn, silage corn, 15N recovery, fertilizer N split application

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Grazing height and nitrogen fertilization strategy in black oat/maize succession

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n4p2539 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 2539-2554

Author(s):

Felipe Luiz Chiamulera Deifeld ◽

◽

André Brugnara Soares ◽

Daniel Schmitt ◽

Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Grazing Intensity ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Pasture Management ◽

Pasture Production ◽

N Application ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Grain Crop

This study was developed to examine the effect of combining nitrogen (N) fertilization strategies and pasture management heights on animal and grain production in an Integrated Crop-Livestock System. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Abelardo Luz - SC, Brazil, between April 2017 and April 2018. A randomized-block design was adopted, with the treatments arranged in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with three replicates. The first factor was the height of the pasture managed under continuous grazing: high (HH, 20 cm) or low (LH, 12 cm). The second factor corresponded to the N application times: in the winter, in the pasture (NP), and in the summer, in the grain crop (NG), in a single N rate of 200 kg ha-1 as topdressing. The forage species used during the pasture phase was black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb), and the pasture was grazed by Nellore × Charolais crossbred steers with an initial body weight of 260 kg. The summer crop was maize (Zea mays). Average daily gain (ADG) and herbage allowance were higher in HH than in LH, whereas animal load was higher in HH. Between the N application times, the animal load was higher in NP. Pasture management height and N fertilization strategy did not affect the variables of number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, thousand-grain weight, or total grain yield, which overall averaged 14,090 kg ha-1. In conclusion, the inversion of nitrogen fertilization between the periods of winter pasture production and grain crop and the management height of the black oat pasture do not compromise the production of maize grains in the summer, or animal production per area. However, steer performance is greater (higher ADG) when the pasture is managed at 20 cm, whereas a high grazing intensity significantly reduces straw on the soil.

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Response of mint species to nitrogen fertilization

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960008686x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 267-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

V. P. Singh ◽

B. N. Chatterjee ◽

D. V. Singh

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Oil Content ◽

Oil Quality ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Mentha Arvensis ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

N Application ◽

Area Index ◽

Japanese Mint ◽

Response Equation

SUMMARYHerbage and oil yields of Mentha arvensis (Japanese mint), M. piperita (peppermint) and M. spicata (spearmint) increased significantly with N fertilization up to 100 kg N/ha and those of M. citrata (bergamot mint) with up to 150 kg N/ha. Plant height, leaf: stem ratio and leaf area index increased with N application; and oil content decreased in all the species. Economic optimum doses of N for M. arvensis, M. piperita and M. spicata were 167, 153 and 145 kg N/ha, respectively and their oil yields expected from the response equation were 190, 103 and 50 kg/ha, respectively. The calculated optimum fertilizer rate for M. citrata was 225 kg N/ha, giving a yield of 193 kg oil/ha. Oil quality did not vary appreciably with N fertilization.

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Effect of N Fertilization on `Arapaho' Thornless Blackberry

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.4.596a ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 596A-596

Author(s):

Joseph Naraguma ◽

John R. Clark

Keyword(s):

Total Yield ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Early Spring ◽

Split Application ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Foliar N ◽

Berry Weight ◽

Thornless Blackberry ◽

Effect On Yield

Applications of N to blackberry plantings are a common practice in Arkansas, but fertilizer recommendations are largely based on those of other states. The need for information on fertility of a new blackberry from the Arkansas breeding program motivated this study. A three-year-old `Arapaho' blackberry planting at the University of Arkansas Fruit Substation was used for this study. Treatments which began in 1994 and continued through 1996 were: 1) control—no N applied, 2) 56 Kg N/ha applied in a single application in early spring, 3) 112 Kg N/ha applied in a single early spring application, and 4) 112 Kg/ha applied in a split application with one-half applied in the early spring and one-half applied immediately after harvest. Fruit was harvested from the plots in June and total yield and average berry weight determined. Foliar samples were collected in August and elemental analysis conducted. Primocanes in each plot were counted at the end of the growing season. Over the three years, there was no significant treatment effect on yield, berry weight, or primocane number. A trend toward higher primocane number where N was applied was seen, however. Foliar levels of N, P, K, Ca, S, and Mn were affected by either N rate or time of application. The foliar N levels were influenced by N rate and the split application gave the highest concentration. Calcium was higher when no N was applied, Mn was greater at higher N rates while the control had the lowest foliar N level in each year.

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Mombaça grass yield as a function of nitrogen fertilization based on the use of the chlorophyll meter

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6supl2p4085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽

pp. 4085-4102

Author(s):

Lorrayne Lays Ferreira Leite ◽

◽

Clarice Backes ◽

Leandro José Grava de Godoy ◽

Alessandro José Marques Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Block Design ◽

Management Strategies ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Agronomic Efficiency ◽

N Application ◽

Chlorophyll Meter ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Tiller Density

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and agronomic efficiency of mombaça grass achieved with the management of nitrogen fertilization, based on the nitrogen sufficiency index (NSI) calculated using measurements obtained with a chlorophyll meter. The experiment was conducted in the field, in São Luís de Montes Belos - GO, Brazil, from November 2016 to May 2018, as a randomized-block design with six treatments and five replicates. Treatments consisted of six N fertilization management strategies (M), namely, M1 - reference, with 150 kg ha-1 N per application; M2 - recommended, with 50 kg ha-1 N per application; M3 - 50 kg ha-1 N when NSI < 98%; M4 - 50 kg ha-1 N when NSI < 94%; M5 - 50 kg ha-1 N when NSI < 90%; and M6 - control treatment, without N application. The NSI was monitored based on the relative chlorophyll content obtained with the chlorophyll meter. Forage canopy height, tiller density, and yield were evaluated. At the end of the 2nd cycle, the recommended, reference, NSI98%, NSI94%, and NSI90% treatments had received 1,050, 350, 300, 250, and 0 kg N ha-1. Control treatment obtained the lowest dry biomass yield, whereas the recommended, NSI98%, and NSI94% treatments showed the highest. Thus, N doses between 1,950 and 300 kg ha-1, in the second cycle, provided statistically equivalent yields in mombaça grass. Considering the DM of both evaluation cycles, the highest yield was achieved with the NSI98% and NSI94% treatments. The application of N doses of 250 to 1050 kg ha-1 provided similar yields. Therefore, the adoption of a nitrogen sufficiency index below 98% and 94% as a parameter allows a reduction and rational use of nitrogen fertilizer.

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NITROGEN FERTILIZATION OF LAND CONTINUOUSLY CROPPED TO CORN (Zea mays L.)

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss83-056 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 547-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JOHN E. RICHARDS ◽

S. C. SHEPPARD ◽

T. E. BATES

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Continuous Production ◽

Field Trials ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Grain Production ◽

N Application ◽

Rate Interaction

Three field trials were conducted to determine if and how response of corn (Zea mays L.) to applied N changes during continuous production. Nitrogen was broadcast at rates of 0, 56, 112, 168, 224 and 336 kg/ha each year for 10 yr. Rates of N in excess of 168 kg/ha significantly reduced emergence at the Fox site; no effect occurred elsewhere. Applied N had no effect upon seedling weight, decreased the interval from seeding to silking, and increased grain and stover yields at all sites. The most profitable rates of N for grain production throughout the study were 85 and 110 kg/ha at the Conestogo and Fox sites, respectively. At the Chinguacousy site, there was a significant year by N rate interaction with grain yield declining by 5600 kg/ha over 10 yr in the 0-kg-N/ha treatment. A model developed by multiple regression analysis (R2 = 0.71) for this site predicted that the most profitable rates of N application were 38, 178, and 213 kg/ha in years 1, 5, and 10, respectively. Applied N decreased ear moisture content at harvest and increased lodging at all sites. Key words: Zea mays L., N fertilization, year by N interaction

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Nitrogen fertilization on palisadegrass: phytomass decomposition and nutrients release

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632016v4639297 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 159-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa ◽

Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽

Rogério Peres Soratto ◽

Jayme Ferrari Neto ◽

Edemar Moro

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Dry Matter ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Release Rates ◽

N Accumulation ◽

N Application ◽

Matter Production ◽

Subsequent Crop ◽

Release Speed ◽

Sampling Times

ABSTRACT Topdressing or pre-seeding nitrogen (N) application increases phytomass production, providing a higher nutrients accumulation and indirectly favoring the subsequent crop. However, N fertilization can alter the dry matter decomposition and nutrients release dynamics. This study aimed at evaluating the decomposition rate, cellulose, lignin and nutrients release speed from palisadegrass as a function of N fertilization. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications, in a factorial scheme constituted by two N fertilization levels and six sampling times after desiccation [0, 14, 34, 41, 51 and 68 days after management (DAM)]. The topdressing N fertilization on palisadegrass increases the dry matter production and N accumulation, but does not alter the decomposition and release speed. N fertilization reduces the C/N ratio, but it does not change the contents of cellulose and lignin and the decomposition and release of N, K, Ca, Mg, C and Si. The amounts of P and S accumulated in the plant and released into the soil increase with N fertilization. The maximum release rates occur within 0-14 DAM, being more intensive for P and S when N is applied. These results demonstrate the high potential of this species for crop-livestock integration systems, with some advantages that can be potentialized with higher N doses.

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Nitrogen Fertilization Management with Blends of Controlled-Release and Conventional Urea Affects Common Bean Growth and Yield during Mild Winters in Brazil

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10121935 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1935

Author(s):

Pedro Lopes Garcia ◽

Renata Alcarde Sermarini ◽

Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Management Practices ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Economic Losses ◽

15N Recovery ◽

Split Application ◽

N Application ◽

Trifoliate Leaf ◽

Broadcast Application

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) requires nitrogen (N) during its vegetative and reproductive stages. A single application of a blend of polymer-sulfur coated urea (PSCU) and conventional urea (U) treated with NBPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide) can meet that demand. Broadcast application could improve yield than other N management practices. This research evaluated two blends (70%PSCU + 30%U and 30%PSCU + 70%U) and three N fertilization managements (incorporated, broadcast, and split application) on soil ammonia volatilization (AV) and N mineral content (NM); plant N uptake (NU) and 15N recovery from U (NUR); and yield (GY). Irrigated field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Rhodic Eutrustox soil. The N application rate was 90 kg ha−1. AV reached 12% (30%PSCU + 70%U, broadcast application) and 14% of the applied N (split application at the third trifoliate leaf unfolded stage (V4)). The incorporated application resulted in higher NM in the vegetative and reproductive stages than the other management practices. Broadcast application resulted in higher NU than split application at physiological maturity. Split application resulted in higher NUR (grain) and GY than broadcast application. There was a positive correlation between NUR (grain) and GY in all N fertilization management treatments. The NUR values reached 48% (30%PSCU + 70%U) and 18% (70%PSCU + 30%U). Split N application using these blends can improve NUR in grain and GY compared to broadcast application in Rhodic Eutrustox soil. This information can help farmers improve the fertilization management practices used with these blends, and thereby avoid economic losses and environmental pollution.

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