Producing Blue and Pink Flowers on Hydrangea Using Coal Bottom Ash as a Media Component

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 465b-465
Author(s):  
Bradford C. Bearce ◽  
Dharmalingam S. Pitchay
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dolomitic Lime ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Media Component ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Substrate Ph ◽  
Root Quality

Rooted terminal tip cuttings of hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb. `Blaumeise Lace Cap') were transplanted into 10-cm azalea pots containing 1 peat: 1 vermiculite (by volume) into which CBA (sieved through 6-mm screen) had been mixed at 0%, 25%, or 50% on 18 Aug. 1996. They were then grown until bud maturation on 21Nov., precooled, and brought into the greenhouse for forcing on 9 Jan. 1997. The substrate pH levels were adjusted to 6.0–6.5 for pink flowers with dolomitic lime and with Al2(SO4)3 to a pH range of 5.0–5.5. Measurements were performed at anthesis on 19 Apr. There were no significant differences in fresh and dry weight and root quality index from 0% through 75% CBA media, but these parameters were reduced in 100% CBA for both blue- and pink-flowered plants. Plant heights and diameters were equal in 0% through 75% CBA and ranged from 16.33 to 17.56 cm and 17.33 to 18.06 cm, respectively, but were significantly reduced in 100% CBA for blue-flowered plants. Plant heights and diameters were equal in 0% through 100% CBA for pink-flowered plants and ranged from 21.0 to 24.0 and 19.3 to 23.5 cm, respectively. Diameters of blue inflorescences ranged from 95.9 to 104.9 cm, and these were equal on plants in 0% through 100% CBA. However, diameters of pink inflorescences ranged from 114.2–155.6 cm and were significantly reduced on plants in 25%, 50%, and 100% CBA.

Dry Weight Partitioning among Roots, Shoot Bottoms and Tops, and Leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla Cuttings Rooted in Coal Bottom Ash or Peat: Perlite Media Containing Four Levels of Dolomitic Limestone

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 465d-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmalingam S. Pitchay ◽  
Susan Myers ◽  
Bradford C. Bearce
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
The Media ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Air Capacity ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Terminal tip cuttings of hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb. `Blaumeise Lace Cap') were rooted in 100% coal bottom ash (CBA) sieved through 2-mm mesh or 1 peat: 1 perlite (v/v) containing 0, 3, 6, or 18 g·L–1 of dolomitic lime on 13 July 1997. Rooting performance of the terminal cuttings was monitored weekly for 5 weeks. The pH values were 7.0–7.8 (100% CBA media), 6.3–6.9 (peat:perlite, 18 g·L–1 lime), 6.0–6.5 (peat:perlite, 6 g·L–1 lime), 4.2–5.2 (peat: perlite, 3 g·L–1 lime), and 3.6–5.2 (peat:perlite, 0 g·L–1 lime). Leaf tissue Ca was higher in 100% CBA than that in peat:perlite media after the 2nd week, implying that uptake from the media may have occurred. Total fresh weight of the rooted cuttings increased significantly over 5 weeks and, at week 5, the highest cutting fresh weights were in peat:perlite media with 3, 6, or 18 g·L–1 of lime. No significant differences in shoot tip fresh and dry weights were observed among peat:perlite media, but these were reduced in 100% CBA. Root dry weight and root quality indices were greater in peat:perlite media with 3, 6, and 18 g·L–1. The poorer rooting of hydrangea cuttings in CBA was attributed to the supraoptimal pH range and the substantially lower air capacity (5.25% by volume) compared to that of peat:perlite (15.1%). The superior rooting in peat:perlite media with lime may have been due to the favorable pH range.

scholarly journals Optimal Growing Substrate pH for Five Sedum Species

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youbin Zheng ◽  
Mary Jane Clark
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Dragon’S Blood ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Substrate Ph ◽  
Weight Regression

To determine the optimal growing substrate pH values for Sedum plants, Sedum album, Sedum reflexum ‘Blue Spruce’, Sedum spurium ‘Dragon’s Blood’, Sedum hybridum ‘Immergrunchen’, and Sedum sexangulare were grown in containers using peatmoss and perlite-based substrates at five target pH levels (i.e., 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5). Optimal pH levels, calculated from dry weight regression models, were 6.32, 6.43, 5.71, 6.25, and 5.91 for S. album, S. reflexum, S. spurium, S. hybridum, and S. sexangulare, respectively, and 5.95 overall. Sedum spurium dry weight varied the most among pH treatments (i.e., 9.5 times greater at pH 6.3 vs. 8.3), whereas S. reflexum varied the least (i.e., 1.3 times greater at pH 6.3 vs. 4.4), indicating species-specific growth responses to growing substrate pH. These findings identified a narrow range of optimal growing substrate pH levels within a wider pH range tolerated by five Sedum spp. Therefore, by adjusting substrate pH to optimal levels, Sedum growth can be maximized.

scholarly journals 095 Vase Life of Cut Roses Grown in Coal Bottom Ash-amended Media: A Correlation with Tissue Calcium

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 405B-405
Author(s):  
Marlene Cross ◽  
Bradford Bearce ◽  
Rajeev Arora
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Dolomitic Lime ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Tissue Calcium ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Kinetics Of

The vase life of roses grown in coal bottom ash (CBA)-amended media was evaluated. CBA is enriched in calcium, a nutrient implicated in delaying senescence. Two rose cultivars, Cara Mia and Dakota, were grown (from started eye plants) in four media: a 50% CBA medium and a peat:vermiculite medium amended with calcitic and dolomitic lime (1:1) were used as “high calcium” media, whereas a 25% CBA medium and a peat:vermiculite medium amended with dolomitic lime only were used as “low calcium” media. Vase life of the freshly harvested roses was evaluated. Elemental analysis of the leaves showed that roses grown in the “high calcium” media had greater calcium in the leaf tissue as well as longer vase lives (12.6 and 13.5 days) when compared to those grown in the “low calcium” media (12.1 and 10.9 days). However, petal tissue Ca was not affected by media and was not correlated with vase life. Petal tissue calcium was ≈15 times lower than leaf tissue calcium. Calcium and magnesium increased in the petal tissue over the vase life of the senescing petals. A comparison of `Cara Mia' roses (vase life of 14 days) and `Dakota' roses (vase life of 8.5 days) showed that the longer-lived `Cara Mia' had lower leaf and petal calcium levels. Both varieties followed a similar kinetics of electrolyte leakage (total E.C. and K) during their respective vase lives.

scholarly journals Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Four Bedding Plants in Substrate Containing Coal Bottom Ash Mixed with Coir Dust

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1902
Author(s):  
Yong-Ha Rhie ◽  
Suyun Nam ◽  
Jongyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mixed Substrates ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Substrate Mixtures

Coal bottom ash (BA) is a by-product of coal-fired power generation and can be utilized as a growing substrate for ornamental plants. The physical and hydraulic properties of BA-mixed substrates (coir dust:BA, 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, and 6:4, v/v) and commercial germinating media (BM2; Berger Peatmoss) were investigated, and the effects of the substrate mixtures on seed germination, seedling growth, and heavy metal concentrations (Cd and Pb) were evaluated for four common bedding plants (periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), globe amaranth (Gomphrena globose), impatiens (Impatiens walleriana), and petunia (Petunia multiflora)). As the BA:coir dust increased, the air space rate in the substrate increased from 25.5 to 28.0%, providing the substrate with sufficient porosity. However, the container capacity and amount of easily available water decreased from 63.1 to 53.7% as BA proportions increased. In the final germination percentage and days to germination of the four bedding plants, no significant differences were detected among the substrate mixtures. Although the impatiens and petunias displayed poor growth (46–55% and 42–56% of dry weight, respectively) in the BA-mixed substrates compared to the BM2, no apparent differences in the seedling growth of periwinkles and globe amaranths were found between 7:3 (coir dust:BA) substrate and BM2. These results indicated that the BA-mixed substrates had the potential to replace the commercial germinating media. The plants grown in the BA-mixed substrates contained Cd, but it was unlikely to be derived from the BA.

scholarly journals Inflorescence Color Manipulation in Hydrangea Forced in Media Containing Coal Bottom Ash and Mine Soil

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 658a-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmalingam S. Pitchay ◽  
Mark D. Sherratt ◽  
Bradford C. Bearce
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Mine Soil ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Media Type ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Top Soil

Dormant budded plants of Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) cvs. Blaumeise Blue and Pink were planted on 29 Jan. 1996 in 15-cm azaleas pots containing media with topsoil, peat, perlite, coal bottom ash, and mine soil, mixed in varying proportions. Media pH levels were initially adjusted with dolomitic limestone to a range of 6.0 to 6.1 for pink inflorescences and with ammonium sulfate to a range of 4.4 to 5.9 for blue inflorescences. Plants of Blaumeise Blue and Blaumeise Pink in low pH media were drenched on 29 Feb. with a solution of aluminum sulfate at 6 g·L–1. Number of shoots per plant were reduced in media with the highest proportion of coal bottom ash (40%, v/v) plus 30% mine soil. Plant diameter was affected very little by type of media. Tallest plants were `Blaumeise Pink' growing in media containing at least 20% top soil or mine soil plus 20% coal bottom ash. These mixes also contained 20% or 40% perlite. Inflorescence diameters ranged from 10.88 to 17.43 cm. and were mostly unaffected by media type. Inflorescence number per plant appeared to be reduced in `Blaumeise Blue' regardless of media. Inflorescence color brightness ranged from L = 55.26 to 61.38 and was affected very little by media type in both cultivars. Bluest inflorescences occurred on `Blaumeise Blue' plants growing in a combination of zero top soil, 40% peat, 30% perlite, 20% coal bottom ash, and 10% mine soil with no lime, and`Blaumeise Pink' plants growing in media with zero topsoil, 40% peat, and 20% mine soil. Blue color did not develop well in media containing top soil and no mine soil. This study demonstrated that florists' hydrangea can be satisfactorily forced in media containing substantial amounts of coal bottom ash and mine soil and that color regulation is also possible in some of these media.

scholarly journals Rooting Performance of Hydrangea Cutting Types in Propagation Media Containing Coal Bottom Ash

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 476F-477
Author(s):  
Dharmalingam S. Pitchay ◽  
Bradford C. Bearce
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Propagation Media

Rooting performance was evaluated for three different hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb. `Blaumeise Lace Cap') cutting types in propagation media containing peat:sand amended with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% coal bottom ash (CBA) sieved through 2-mm mesh. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of all media were in acceptably low ranges, whereas pH was suboptimal in all but 100% CBA, ranging from 3.8 to 4.6 vs. 6.0 to 6.75 for 100% CBA. Available Ca was significantly higher at up to 189 mg·kg–1 in the 100% CBA. Rooted cuttings were analyzed for root counts and dry mass. Terminal tip cuttings produced 96.1 mean roots/stem compared to butterfly cuttings (76.4) and single-eye cuttings (60.7), and there was no significant difference in root dry mass among the different cutting types. Propagation media containing 50% CBA produced greater numbers of roots/stem (99.89 and 89.59, respectively). The dry mass of roots/stem was significantly higher in media with 100% CBA. Root numbers per cutting were higher in terminal tip cuttings grown in 50% and 100% CBA and butterfly cuttings in 50% CBA. On the other hand, dry mass per cutting was higher in 100% CBA as compared to the rest, except for the terminal tip and butterfly cuttings in 50% CBA. The higher pH and Ca concentration may be factors causing the better rooting performance in 100% CBA.

scholarly journals Use of Pulp Mill Ash as a Substrate Component for Greenhouse Production of Marigold

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihong Bi ◽  
Williams B. Evans ◽  
Glenn B. Fain
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Substrate Ph ◽  
Root Quality

Pulp mill ash was evaluated as a substrate component in the production of greenhouse-grown French marigold (Tagetes patula L. ‘Janie Deep Orange’). Peat-based substrates (75:10:15 by volume blend of peatmoss, vermiculite, and perlite) amended with 0% to 50% (by volume) pulp mill ash were compared with a standard commercially available substrate. With the exception of an unfertilized control, each substrate blend contained 5.93 kg·m−3 14N–6.2P–11.6K (3- to 4-month release) and 0.89 kg·m−3 Micromax. Substrates containing higher volumes of ash had finer particles, less air space, and more waterholding capacity than the commercial substrate. Bulk density increased with increasing ash volume, and substrate containing 50% ash had 120% greater bulk density than the commercial substrate. Substrates containing ash generally had higher pH and electrical conductivity (EC) than the commercial substrate with substrate pH and EC increasing with increasing ash volume. In general, marigold plants grown in peat-based substrates with the addition of 0% to 50% ash had similar growth indices, flower dry weights, numbers of flowers, and SPAD values as plants grown in commercial substrate; however, plants grown in substrates containing 30% to 50% ash had lower shoot dry weights or root quality ratings than plants grown in commercial substrate. Plant growth index, shoot dry weight, and root quality rating decreased with increasing ash volume.

scholarly journals Reactivity of Ground Coal Bottom Ash to Be Used in Portland Cement

J ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Esperanza Menéndez ◽  
Cristina Argiz ◽  
Miguel Ángel Sanjuán
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Pozzolanic Reaction ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Novel Material ◽  
Pozzolanic Properties

Ground coal bottom ash is considered a novel material when used in common cement production as a blended cement. This new application must be evaluated by means of the study of its pozzolanic properties. Coal bottom ash, in some countries, is being used as a replacement for natural sand, but in some others, it is disposed of in a landfill, leading thus to environmental problems. The pozzolanic properties of ground coal bottom ash and coal fly ash cements were investigated in order to assess their pozzolanic performance. Proportions of coal fly ash and ground coal bottom ash in the mixes were 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 50:50, 0:100. Next, multicomponent cements were formulated using 10%, 25% or 35% of ashes. In general, the pozzolanic performance of the ground coal bottom ash is quite similar to that of the coal fly ash. As expected, the pozzolanic reaction of both of them proceeds slowly at early ages, but the reaction rate increases over time. Ground coal bottom ash is a promising novel material with pozzolanic properties which are comparable to that of coal fly ashes. Then, coal bottom ash subjected to an adequate mechanical grinding is suitable to be used to produce common coal-ash cements.

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