Evaluation of substrate composition and exogenous hormone application on vegetative propagule rooting success of essential oil hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

To support the rapidly expanding industrial hemp industry, a commercial supply of high-quality starter plants with low genetic variability from nurseries will be key to consistent and efficient cultivation efforts. Rooting success was evaluated across four propagation medias, five rooting hormones, and eight commercially available high-cannabidiol (CBD) essential oil hemp cultivars. Cuttings were placed in a climate-controlled room and assessed for rooting success 12 days after cloning. Rooting success was determined by quantifying total root number, cumulative total root length, and total root mass. Propagation media had the greatest effect on rooting success (13–80%). Rockwool had the highest rooting success resulting in 10-fold increases in rooting traits over the next highest scoring medium (Berger BM6). Hormone applications significantly improved (15- to 18-fold) rooting success compared to no hormone application, while non-statistical differences were observed across auxin hormone concentrations and application methods. Genetic variation in rooting response was observed between cultivars with ‘Cherry Wine’ outperforming all other cultivars with an approximate 20% increase in rooting success over the next highest rooting cultivar, ‘Wife’. Although the ideal combination was not specifically identified in this study, findings provide insight into how rooting hormone application and medium selection impact vegetative propagule rooting success of essential oil hemp.

Evaluation of substrate composition and exogenous hormone application on vegetative propagule rooting success of essential oil hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

To support the rapidly expanding industrial hemp industry, a commercial supply of high-quality starter plants with low genetic variability from nurseries will be key to consistent and efficient cultivation efforts. Rooting success was evaluated across four propagation medias, five rooting hormones, and eight commercially available high-cannabidiol (CBD) essential oil hemp cultivars. Cuttings were placed in a climate-controlled room and assessed for rooting success 12 days after cloning. Rooting success was determined by quantifying total root number, cumulative total root length, and total root mass. Propagation media had the greatest effect on rooting success (13-80 %). Rockwool had the highest rooting success resulting in 10-fold increases in rooting traits over the next highest scoring medium (Berger BM6). Hormone applications significantly improved (15- to 18-fold) rooting success compared to no hormone application, while non-statistical differences were observed across auxin hormone concentrations and application methods. Genetic variation in rooting response was observed between cultivars with ‘Cherry Wine’ outperforming all other cultivars with an approximate 20% increase in rooting success over the next highest rooting cultivar, ‘Wife’. Although the ideal combination was not specifically identified in this study, findings provide insight into how rooting hormone application and medium selection impact vegetative propagule rooting success of essential oil hemp.

A Review of Acoustic Impedance Matching Techniques for Piezoelectric Sensors and Transducers

The coupling of waves between the piezoelectric generators, detectors, and propagating media is challenging due to mismatch in the acoustic properties. The mismatch leads to the reverberation of waves within the transducer, heating, low signal-to-noise ratio, and signal distortion. Acoustic impedance matching increases the coupling largely. This article presents standard methods to match the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric sensors, actuators, and transducers with the surrounding wave propagation media. Acoustic matching methods utilizing active and passive materials have been discussed. Special materials such as nanocomposites, metamaterials, and metasurfaces as emerging materials have been presented. Emphasis is placed throughout the article to differentiate the difference between electric and acoustic impedance matching and the relation between the two. Comparison of various techniques is made with the discussion on capabilities, advantages, and disadvantages. Acoustic impedance matching for specific and uncommon applications has also been covered.

An Optimal Combination of the Propagation Medium and Fogging Duration Enhances the Survival, Rooting and Early Growth of Strawberry Daughter Plants

Runner propagation is an important process in strawberry cultivation, which influences plant survival and fruit yield during the commercial production. In South Korea, this process is carried out on plug tray benches that are set off the ground in greenhouses, rather than in open fields. During the propagation, the propagation media and fogging systems play an important role in the survival and rooting of daughter plants. The aim of this study is to investigate the influences of the different types of propagation media and various fogging treatments on the rooting and early growth of strawberry daughter plants. Two strawberry cultivars—‘Maehyang’ and ‘Seolhyang’—in a glasshouse, grown in four different propagation media-a peat moss-based mixture (PBM), rockwool cube (RWC), granular rockwool (GRW), and a coir-based mixture (CBM)—combined with five fogging durations, 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days were tested. PBM with 9–12 days of fogging was the most ideal combination for the rooting and early growth of daughter plants of the two strawberry cultivars, which increased the ratio of survival and rooting, number of new leaves, root length and maximised the fresh and dry weights of the aboveground and belowground runner biomass. However, fogging treatments shorter than 9 days led to a lower survival rate and rooting. RWC and GRW are not recommended for young plants of these two strawberry cultivars because their strong water-retentive properties could subject the root to water stress, which can lead to root rotting. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for strawberry growers to improve the quality of plants and efficiency of production during the propagation period.

Two wavelength frequency transfer over an optical fiber link

In this paper we present the theory and the experimental setup used to transfer a standard frequency, to synchronize two clocks linked by an optical fiber. In order to verify the accuracy on frequency transfer over fiber link, we prepared an experiment that allows testing the performance of the setup for a variable set of environmental conditions, namely associated to temperature and vibration variations. The experimental setup shows the fiber optic link between one laboratory, where the standard frequency is generated, and another laboratory, where the equipment for simulating temperatures and vibrations are installed. The standard frequency, traceable to UTC(IPQ), is used to modulate two lasers with different wavelength,, injected in the optical fiber. At the end of the optical fiber the signals will be out of phase due to the inherent chromatic dispersion, which is also dependent on the temperature of the propagation media. Measuring the phase variations, caused by temperature gradients in the fiber, we can compensate the frequency transfer and synchronize the clocks. Evaluating all uncertainty components in this model, allows the metrological characterization of the synchronization and obtain the associated uncertainty of this quantity.

PERBANYAKAN TANAMAN HIAS AIR Microsorum pteropus MELALUI KULTUR KANTONG SPORA PADA BERBAGAI SUBSTRAT

Produksi massal tanaman hias air pakis jawa Microsorum pteropus melalui pemotongan rhizoma terlihat kurang efisien sedangkan melalui kultur in vitro spora masih sulit dilakukan masyarakat. Salah satu pendekatan baru dalam perbanyakan tanaman M. Pteropus melalui kultur kantong spora telah berhasil dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan media dalam perbanyakan tanaman M. pteropus melalui kultur kantong spora. Potongan daun yang mengandung satu kantong spora diletakkan di atas media tanam, ditutup dengan plastik transparan, dan ditaruh pada lingkungan di luar ruangan (outdoor). Media tanam yang digunakan yaitu: A) cacahan akar pakis; B) serutan kayu; C) cacahan akar pakis + serutan kayu; D) cacahan akar pakis + serutan kayu + kompos; E) pasir gunung berapi (pasir malang); F) abu sekam padi; G) pasir; dan H) tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan sporofit muda (young sporophye) sudah mulai terlihat pada bulan pertama sampai ketiga setelah tanam. Sporofit muda yang berkembang dari kantong spora yang dipelihara pada media pasir, media tanah dan media campuran serutan kayu + akar pakis + kompos menunjukkan rata-rata persentase tanaman hidup yang paling tinggi yaitu 48%. Sebaliknya sporofit muda paling sedikit berkembang pada media akar pakis, media abu sekam padi dan media campuran akar pakis, dan serutan kayu. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka media terbaik untuk perbanyakan M. pteropus di luar ruangan melalui kultur kantong spora adalah media tanah dan media campuran akar pakis + serutan kayu + kompos.Mass production of Microsorum pteropus through rhizome cuttings has been deemed not efficient while the application of in vitro culture of its spores is still technically difficult to be performed by farmers. A novel approach to mass-produce M. pteropus trough sori culture has been developed and is relatively easy to perform. This study was aimed to determine a suitable propagation media for sori culture of M. pteropus. Small cut fronds containing one sorus were laid on the culture media and covered with a transparent plastic sheet and left on outdoor conditions. The culture media used were: A) fern-root; B) wood shavings; C) fern-root + wood shavings; D) fern-root + wood shavings + compost; E) volcanic sand; F) rice husk ash; G) sand; and H) soil. The results showed that young sporophytes developed in the 1st to 3rd month after culture. The young sporophytes developed in the sand, soil and mixture of wood shavings + fern-root + compost medium showed higher numbers of live plants (48%). In contrast, the lower numbers of live young sporophyte were found in the fern-root, rice husk ash, and mixture of fern-root + wood shavings medium. Based on these results, the best alternative media for propagation of M. pteropus through sori culture on the outdoor conditions are soil media and the mixture of fern roots + wood shavings + compost media.

Effects of Propagation Media and Branch Orientation on Rooting of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Shoots Propagated by Air Layering in a Sub-tropical Environment

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a tropical fruit rich in vitamins and beneficial phytochemicals and thus often referred to as a super fruit. Despite the potential nutritional benefits of guava fruit, it has received little research to facilitate its wide-scale production in the Kingdom of Eswatini. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effects of media and branch orientation on rooting of guava branches propagated by air layering. Media treatments used included vermiculite, compost, top soil, and media mix which was a mixture of top soil, pine sawdust and sand. Branches that were oriented towards the North East to South East and South West to North West directions in relation to the sun were selected for air layering. The experiment was a factorial arrangement laid out in a split plot design where there were 5 replications per treatment. Vermiculite wrapped branches showed the best adventitious root formation in relation to root length, root volume, root mass, rooting percentage and root number in comparison to other media treatments. North East to South East oriented branches produced superior adventitious root development than North West to South West orientated branches. Wrapping branches with vermiculite in combination with the selection of North East to South East oriented branches enhanced adventitious root development in air layered guava branches. It is recommended that farmers who wish to produce guavas of desired quality by air layering may select branches with the greatest exposure to the sun in the North East to South East directions using vermiculite or alternatively compost in the absence of vermiculite as propagation media.

Sara - A Semi-Automatic Framework for Social Network Analysis

Understanding the dissemination of information in social networks has become essential for modern societies. These networks have dramatically changed the mode of communication, relationship, marketing, and access to information. Platforms such as Twitter, and WhatsApp are some representatives of these new information propagation media that represented a major shift in a model centered on traditional communication vehicles. This new decentralized environment gave voice to marginalized groups, riots such as the Arab Spring, growth of populist parties and false news waves across the globe. Therefore, considering the influence of these platforms in several aspects of society, this work presents a framework for characterizing the diffusion of information in social networks, especially on Twitter. This characterization is accomplished through the use of complex network and text mining techniques, exploring the generation of a retweets network, the formation of communities around specific users, cascades of information, analysis of feelings and modeling of topics. As an evaluation this model is applied in characterizing a network of retweets generated around the discussion of pension reform of Brazil on Twitter.

IN VITRO BREEDING AND NURSING TAQUA BANANA IN TRA VINH PROVINCE

The goal of this study is to determine in vitro propagation media of Taqua banana. The results showed that: the optimal medium for banana bud regeneration was MS medium (Murashine & Skoog 1962) supplemented 0.1 mg/l NAA, 100 mg/l adenine sulfate, 30g/l sucrose, 8 g/l Agar, 5 mg/l BAP, 10% volume coconut juice and kept in completely dark condition. The medium, which is similar to bud generation media except for supplementing BAP 7 mg/l, was also good for bud replication with 6,33 shoots per sample after 4 weeks. (2)The medium, which is similar to bud generation media except for non-added BAP and an increase of NAA from 0.1 to 1 mg/l, was the best for the banana rooting.