A Case Study of Salmonellosis Linked to the Consumption of Fresh-market Tomatoes and the Development of a HACCP Program

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 551e-551
Author(s):  
James W. Rushing
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Safety Committee ◽  
The Status

Outbreaks of salmonellosis in the United States in 1991 and 1993 were epidemiologically linked to the consumption of raw tomatoes that originated from the same fresh-market tomato packinghouse in both years. This is a case study of the response of public agencies and an industry association to a food safety crisis and the ensuring development, implementation, monitoring, and verification of a HACCP program that was proposed to serve as a model for the fresh-market tomato industry. Challenges faced by regulatory agencies in monitoring the operations of fresh-market fruit and vegetable handling facilities are discussed. Activities of an interagency food safety committee that was formed to deal with crisis management are described. The status of current research by private industry on safety related issues is briefly reviewed.

Varied Responses to Human-Induced Seismicity in the City of Azle, Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sarmistha R. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Status

Fracking has helped to usher in an era of energy abundance in the United States. This advanced drilling procedure has helped the nation to attain the status of the largest producer of crude oil and natural gas in the world, but some of its negative externalities, such as human-induced seismicity, can no longer be ignored. The occurrence of earthquakes in communities located at proximity to disposal wells with no prior history of seismicity has shocked residents and have caused damages to properties. It has evoked individuals’ resentment against the practice of injection of fracking’s wastewater under pressure into underground disposal wells. Though the oil and gas companies have denied the existence of a link between such a practice and earthquakes and the local and state governments have delayed their responses to the unforeseen seismic events, the issue has gained in prominence among researchers, affected community residents, and the media. This case study has offered a glimpse into the varied responses of stakeholders to human-induced seismicity in a small city in the state of Texas. It is evident from this case study that although individuals’ complaints and protests from a small community may not be successful in bringing about statewide changes in regulatory policies on disposal of fracking’s wastewater, they can add to the public pressure on the state government to do something to address the problem in a state that supports fracking.

scholarly journals Discursive Strategies and Sequenced Institutional Change: The Case of Marriage Equality in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172110205
Author(s):  
Giulia Mariani ◽  
Tània Verge
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marriage Equality ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The Status ◽  
Private Actors

Building on historical and discursive institutionalism, this article examines the agent-based dynamics of gradual institutional change. Specifically, using marriage equality in the United States as a case study, we examine how actors’ ideational work enabled them to make use of the political and discursive opportunities afforded by multiple venues to legitimize the process of institutional change to take off sequentially through layering, displacement, and conversion. We also pay special attention to how the discursive strategies deployed by LGBT advocates, religious-conservative organizations and other private actors created new opportunities to influence policy debates and tip the scales to their preferred policy outcome. The sequential perspective adopted in this study allows problematizing traditional conceptualizations of which actors support or contest the status quo, as enduring oppositional dynamics lead them to perform both roles in subsequent phases of the institutional change process.

scholarly journals Economic Decision-Making and Risk Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Brian J. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
National Corporation ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Recent Financial Crisis

Because of the recent financial crisis in the United States that shook the financial sector, the need for adopting effective Risk Management practices has increased. Essentially, the volatility of the sector calls for an augmented re-evaluation of the framework, as well as the components of uncertainty management practices by commercial banks, regulatory agencies, and scholars. By doing so, the stakeholders in the financial sector would ensure the conformity to the best practices. To further fortify this, the research herein uses the Ames National Corporation (ANC), which is a commercial Bank in Iowa, USA, as a case study. The institution risk profile and risk management practices are evaluated to give insights on conforming to the best international practices. The research also seeks to establish whether effective risk management results in enhanced performance and profitability for financial institutions.Stating areas on which further research should be conducted is how the study is concluded.

scholarly journals Batten Down the Hatches—Assessing the Status of Emergency Preparedness Planning in the German Water Supply Sector with Statistical and Expert-Based Weighting

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Bross ◽  
Ina Wienand ◽  
Steffen Krause
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
The Status ◽  
Weighting Methods

Emergency preparedness planning in the water supply sector includes preventive measures to minimize risks as well as aspects of crisis management. Various scenarios such as floods, power failures or even a pandemic should be considered. This article presents a newly developed composite indicator system to assess the status of emergency preparedness planning in the German water supply. Two weighting methods of the indicators are compared: the indicator system was applied to a case study and a Germany-representative data set. The results show that there is a need for action in emergency preparedness planning in the German water supply. This is in particular due to a lack of risk analyses and insufficient crisis management. Numerous water supply companies and municipalities are already well-prepared, however, there is a need for action at several levels, especially in the area of risk analysis and evaluation of measures. In Germany, responsibility for this lies primarily with the municipalities.

Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities in Mobile Fare Payment Applications: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (11) ◽  
pp. 616-624
Author(s):  
Kevin Dennis ◽  
Maxat Alibayev ◽  
Sean J. Barbeau ◽  
Jay Ligatti
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
It Systems ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Fare Management

Mobile fare payment applications are becoming increasingly common in the public transportation industry as a convenience for customers and as part of an effort to reduce fare management costs and improve operations for agencies. However, there is relatively little literature on vulnerabilities and liabilities in mobile fare payment applications. Furthermore, few public agencies or supporting vendors have policies or established processes in place to receive vulnerability reports or patch vulnerabilities discovered in their technologies. Given the rapidly increasing number of data breaches in general industry IT systems, as well as that mobile fare payment apps are a nexus between customer and agency financial information, the security of these mobile applications deserves further scrutiny. This paper presents a vulnerability discovered in a mobile fare payment application deployed at a transit agency in Florida that, because of the system architecture, may have affected customers in as many as 40 cities across the United States, an estimated 1,554,000 users. Lessons learned from the vulnerability disclosure process followed by the research team as well as recommendations for public agencies seeking to improve the security of these types of applications are also discussed.

The Determinants of Social Policy a Case Study: Regulating Health and Safety at the Workplace in Sweden

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
The U.S

This article presents an analysis and critique of the “technocratic” view of occupational health and safety policies, which sees the values of the personnel of the “postindustrial” regulatory agencies as the most important determinant of those policies. An alternate position is put forth which explains those occupational health and safety policies as primarily the result of different degrees of political power of the two major classes (capital and labor) and the set of influences exerted on the regulatory agencies by the instruments (e.g., political parties, unions, trade organizations) of those classes. It is shown how an analysis of the historical evolution of those classes in Sweden and their conflict in both civil and political societies better explains the Swedish occupational health and safety policies than the mere analysis of the regulators' views. It is concluded that the occupational health and safety policies in Sweden are not identical to the U.S. policies–as the “technocratic” theorists assume–but rather they offer more protection to the workers than the U.S. ones. This situation is a result of labor's greater power in Sweden than in the United States. The different class formations and class behavior in both societies are compared, and the implications of this comparison for occupational health and safety policies are discussed.

The Dukkha of Racism

2019 ◽  
pp. 139-175
Author(s):  
Ann Gleig
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Racial Justice ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
The Status ◽  
Insight Meditation

This chapter examines some of the main features of diversity and inclusion work through a case study of the Insight Meditation Community of Washington (DC) (IMCW). It considers the main pragmatic and hermeneutic strategies by which diversity and inclusion initiatives are legitimated within Buddhist thought and practices at IMCW as well as the opposition such work has faced from many of its overwhelmingly white, middle-class and upper-middle-class members. Then, it considers how the work at IMCW reflects shifts around racial diversity and white privilege in the wider Insight community. The chapter concludes by exploring the significance of racial justice and diversity work in terms of the status and unfolding of Buddhist modernism in the United States.

The native American graves protection and repatriation act in its first decade

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAR Nafziger ◽  
RJ Dobkins
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Cultural Patrimony ◽  
Cultural Affiliation ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Law

The global effort to protect indigenous heritage relies on national legislation. The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) of the United States provides one model for accomplishing a broad agenda of protective measures. NAGPRA confirms indigenous ownership of cultural items excavated or discovered on federal and tribal lands, criminalizes trafficking in indigenous human remains and cultural items, and establishes a process of repatriation of material to native groups. In implementing the law, questions related to cultural affiliation, culturally unidentifiable material, the status of native groups not recognized by the federal government, and the scope of a group's cultural patrimony have been particularly troublesome. A case study of the repatriation process highlights issues in implementing NAGPRA and benefits in fostering consultation and collaboration among native groups, museums, and federal agencies. Finally, the article considers the controversies that have come before a statutory review committee and the federal courts during NAGPRA's first decade. This experience demonstrates the limitations of formal dispute resolution as a means of developing and implementing the law.

scholarly journals Economic Decision-Making and Risk Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
National Corporation ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Recent Financial Crisis

Because of the recent financial crisis in the United States that shook the financial sector, the need for adopting effective Risk Management practices has increased. Essentially, the volatility of the sector calls for an augmented re-evaluation of the framework, as well as the components of uncertainty management practices by commercial banks, regulatory agencies, and scholars. By doing so, the stakeholders in the financial sector would ensure the conformity to the best practices. To further fortify this, the research herein uses the Ames National Corporation (ANC), which is a commercial Bank in Iowa, USA, as a case study. The institution risk profile and risk management practices are evaluated to give insights on conforming to the best international practices. The research also seeks to establish whether effective risk management results in enhanced performance and profitability for financial institutions.Stating areas on which further research should be conducted is how the study is concluded.

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