scholarly journals The Effects of Drainage Hole Size on Container Leachate

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 593c-593
Author(s):  
Donna C. Fare ◽  
W. Edgar Davis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Hole Size ◽  
Substrate Potential ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Drainage Hole ◽  
Reduced Water

One component of container production influencing the water quality concerns in the nursery industry is the amount of container effluent leaching from the container substrate. Potential exists for reduced water use, less leachate volume, and improved irrigation efficiency by altering the container design. This research compares the container leachate volume from a standard, 11.31 (# 3) container with seven 1.9-cm-diameter drainage holes to containers with one, three, or five holes with diameters of 1.9, 0.9, and 0.5 cm. Leachate volume was 41% less (312 to 182 mL) when the diameter of the drainage hole was reduced from 1.9 to 0.5 cm. Nitrate-N was 85% less (3093 to 452 mg) when the container drainage holes were reduced to 0.5 cm. Plant growth and quality of Lagerstroemia fauriei X L. indica `Hopi', crapemyrtle, was similar in all container modifications.

scholarly journals REDUCE LEACHATE WITH MODIFIED CONTAINER DESIGN

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 647f-647
Author(s):  
D.C. Fare ◽  
C.H. Gilliam ◽  
P.L. Carter ◽  
D.M. Lauderdale
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Drainage Hole ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Container Nurseries ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Hole Number

Potential exists for reduced water use and improved water quality in container nurseries through redesign of the container to minimize leaching. `Celebrate' poinsettias were grown in trade gallon containers with modified drainage hole number and size. Irrigation was applied when an individual container's medium decreased to 80% of container capacity; a gravimetric method was used to determine daily water requirements. Containers with one drainage hole in the center bottom reduced applied water (13%) and leachate volume (90%) compared to standard nursery containers (4 drainage holes in the side and one in the center bottom). Plant quality was similar with these treatments.

scholarly journals Impact of Partially Treated Wastewater on Downstream Water Quality of Notwane River in Botswana

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gilbert K. Gaboutloeloe ◽  
Gugu Molokwe ◽  
Benedict Kayombo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
River Stretch ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
The Impact

The impact of partially treated wastewater on the water quality of Notwane river stretch in the Gaborone region of Botswana was investigated. Water samples collected at effluent discharge point and three other sampling sites downstream were analyzed for pH, temperature, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Ammonia-nitrogen (Ammonia-N) and Nitrate-nitrogen (Nitrate-N). Sampling was conducted bi-weekly between February 2013 and April 2013. The ranges of measured parameters were:  pH (7.6-8.5), temperature (22-23ºC), BOD5 (11.2-27.0 mg/l), Ammonia-N (2.4-60.5 mg/l), Nitrate-N (20.6-28.6 mg/l). Analysis of variance, Games-Howel multiple comparisons and Pearson correlation were used to separate variable means. The results signal river non-point pollution due to runoff inflow of organics mainly from land use and domestic waste dumping by nearby dwellings. Temperature, BOD5, and pH range values were all within the Botswana Bureau of Standards (BOBS) limit while the maximum Ammonia-N and Nitrate-N were above BOBS limit by 50.5 mg/l and 6.6 mg/l, respectively. Regulations on indiscriminate waste dumping and discharge standards adherence should be enforced.

scholarly journals Periodic Versus Real-time Adjustment of a Leaching Fraction-based Microirrigation Schedule for Container-grown Plants

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff B. Million ◽  
Thomas H. Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Leaching Fraction ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Irrigation Practices

Two experiments were conducted to determine if a leaching fraction (LF)-guided irrigation practice with fixed irrigation run times between LF tests (LF_FX) could be improved by making additional adjustments to irrigation run times based on real-time weather information, including rain, using an evapotranspiration-based irrigation scheduling program for container production (LF_ET). The effect of the two irrigation practices on plant growth and water use was tested at three target LF values (10%, 20%, and 40%). For both Viburnum odoratissimum (Expt. 1) and Podocarpus macrophyllus (Expt. 2) grown in 36-cm-diameter containers with spray-stake microirrigation, the change in plant size was unaffected by irrigation treatments. LF_ET reduced water use by 10% compared with LF_FX in Expt. 2 but had no effect (P < 0.05) on water use in Expt. 1. Decreasing the target LF from 40% to 20% reduced water use 28% in both experiments and this effect was similar for both irrigation practices. For the irrigation system and irrigation schedule used in these experiments, we concluded that an LF-guided irrigation schedule with a target LF of 10% resulted in plant growth similar to one with a target LF of 40% and that the addition of a real-time weather adjustment to irrigation run times provided little or no improvement in water conservation compared with a periodic adjustment based solely on LF testing.

scholarly journals Status of water use and water quality in the Khanka Lake basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.В. ГОРБАТЕНКО
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Many

Для отдельных муниципальных территорий, расположенных в бассейне оз. Ханка, проведена комплексная оценка водопользования, в том числе точечных сбросов загрязняющих веществ предприятиями-водопользователями. Описан состав этих сбросов с указанием характерных для каждой территории и производственной отрасли загрязняющих веществ. Установлены водотоки с наибольшими объемами сбросов. Показано, что самыми загрязненными на протяжении многих лет являются небольшие реки с низкой самоочищающей способностью. Анализируются современные и ретроспективные особенности качественного состава речных вод бассейна в целом, приводится оценка динамики качества отдельных водотоков по удельным комбинаторным индексам загрязнения вод (УКИЗВ). At the level of municipal territories a comprehensive assessment of water use in the Khanka Lake basin, including point sources of polluting substances discharge by water use industrial enterprises, has been conducted. The composition of sewage with an indication of distinctive pollutants for every territory and industrial sector is analyzed. Watercourses for which the volumes of pollutants discharges are the largest are identified. The most polluted of them over the many years are shown to be the small rivers with low self-cleaning capability. The modern and retrospective features of the river water quality in the Khanka Lake basin are analyzed, and the dynamics of the quality of some watercourses using calculated pollution indices is estimated.

scholarly journals Penentuan Status Mutu Air Metode Storet DAS Kali Curah Macan

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Hariono ◽  
Saiful Anwar ◽  
Michael Joko Wibowo ◽  
Merry Muspita Dyah Utami
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Absorption Function ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Status ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
Reduced Water

The monitoring station of Curah Macan Watershed is located in Arjasa Village, Arjasa District, Situbondo Regency with 7o71'66 " at the South Latitude and 114o12'17" at the East Longitude. The aim research is to know the quality of water routinely, so that the water quality condition of river water body can be detected from the beginning. This is due to changes in land functions that have reduced water absorption function, erosion, sedimentation and industrial and household activities. Therefore, research on the analysis of the status of water quality especially in the Curah Macan watershed is very important to be done periodically in order to maintain its sustainability. The research using STORET method shows the water quality of Curah Macan watershed in the period of January - December 2017 for the quality of class I, II, III and IV has a score respectively -50; -28; -12 and -4 so that the water quality qualification is bad, moderate, moderate and good. Keyword : Kali Macan Watershed, Storet Method, Water Quality, Period January - December 2017 

Assessment of Implementation Efficiency of the System Approach to Ensuring Safety of Public Drinking and Recreational Water Use on the Example of the Voronezh Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
AYu Popova ◽  
SV Kuzmin ◽  
II Mehantyev
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Supply Systems

Background. Implementation of the Federal Clean Water Project within the National Housing and Urban Environment Project was based on the results of numerous health studies conducted within the framework of functioning of the interdepartmental system of public health monitoring and introduction of the risk-based approach into sanitary and epidemiological surveillance. In this regard, there was a need to develop a comprehensive approach to securing safety of drinking and recreational water use and assessing efficiency of implemented solutions. Objective. To assess efficiency of implementation of a system approach to ensuring safety of public drinking and recreational water use on the example of the Voronezh Region. Materials and methods. The study included laboratory testing of water quality in places of recreational water usage, drinking water quality assessment followed by a health risk assessment, a comprehensive evaluation of the extent of sanitary and epidemiological problems in drinking water supply systems, an online questionnaire-based survey of regional residents on tap water quality, a correlation analysis to establish the relationship between population health and water quality, and experimental studies to assess migration of organic compounds from polymer containers into bottled drinking water. Results. Challenges of recreational water use are associated with poor quality of surface water in terms of chemical (ammonium ion, nitrates, phosphates, and biochemical oxygen demand) and microbiological water quality parameters. Priority indices of drinking water quality in centralized water supply systems include the contents of nitrates, fluorine, boron, and iron, which are unacceptable in terms of non-carcinogenic risk (HQ > 1). In disadvantaged areas, water quality in centralized drinking water supply systems is considered “extremely poor”. The online survey demonstrated that the majority of the population (30.7 %) prefers to use water filter jugs to treat tap water. We observed significant correlations between the quality of tap and surface waters and disease incidence rates in the population. We also obtained new data on migration of organic compounds from polymer containers intended for drinking water storage and bottling in case of storage temperature excursions. Conclusion. Our findings served as the basis for the proposed algorithm of implementing a system approach to securing safety of recreational and drinking water use and for evaluating the effectiveness of implemented solutions.

scholarly journals Monitoring supplied domestic water quality at Thu Dau Mot water supply enterprise

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-69
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Treatment Process

The current status assessment research of water use and quality of supplied domestic water in Thu Dau Mot city, Binh Duong province, as well as the clean water use situation of the local people. Sampling and assessment of the quality of supplied water at Thu Dau Mot Water supply enterprise. The water treatment process here is strictly conducted to ensure stability, constant pressure, inlet and outlet water flow. The analysis results of physical and chemical parameters of water quality at Thu Dau Mot Water supply enterprise show parameters within the allowable limits of water standards for domestic use QCVN 02: 2009/BYT and domestic water QCVN 01: 2009/BYT. However, during the water treatment process in the rainy season, it is time consuming and costly for the use of many chemicals in the treatment process, as high turbidity and high color temperature, low TDS, low pH, low chloride, high SS, Fe and Mn content changes in the wet season higher than in the dry season. After sampling for analysis and treatment, the output water meets the clean water standard to meet the needs of the people in Thu Dau Mot City and surrounding areas.

HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF WATER USE OF THE POPULATION OF THE UPPER DON BASIN

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Kalashnikov
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Don River ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

The purpose of the work was to justify the system of preventive measures to ensure hygienic and epidemiological safety of the population in the context of the impact of natural and technogenic factors in the Don water basin. The objects were the Don River, its tributaries, sources of drinking water supply. The water quality was assessed by hygienic and epidemiological safety indicators. The peculiarities of the formation of water quality in the Don River under the influence of technogenically altered tributaries within the industrialized city are revealed, which consist in reliable deterioration of sanitary, chemical and microbiological indicators. The monitoring system has been improved. On the basis of an assessment of the degree of sanitary and epidemiological reliability of water supply to the population, priority factors and indicators that significantly affect the quality of drinking water supplied to the consumer are identified. Based on the results of the research, a scientific substantiation of a set of measures for reducing the technogenic load on the Don River and ensuring the normative quality of drinking water was carried out.

Physio-Chemical and Biological Analysis of Radaur-Ladwa Stretch (Western Yamuna Canal)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANJELO F DENIS ◽  
SUSHRI RACHNA ◽  
EHSAN ALI ◽  
SURINDER DESWAL ◽  
PRANJAL SATYA
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Domestic Use

This paper deals with the suitability of Surface and Ground water quality of Western Yamuna Canal in Haryana, India for irrigation and other use. The major water use of this canal is for irrigation purpose (94%), domestic water use (4%) and industrial and other uses (2%).The rapid increase inurbanization and industrialization is leading towards deterioration of water quality. In this study, analysis is performed to identify the groundwater and surface water quality in the vicinity of Radaur-Ladwa stretch. Direct disposal of domestic and industrial wasteobstructs the flow of Western Yamuna Canal thus water is stagnant at most places and self-purification mechanism of water is occurring no more. This study reveals that the surface water of the Western Yamuna Canal comes under E class of water, which is unfit for domestic use, propagation of wildlife and fisheries. However it is found suitable for irrigational and industrial cooling purpose only. Most Probable Number (MPN) values are high in the ground water, which indicates microbial contamination of water and require immediate action for up-grading existing treatment facilities.The result indicates alarming signs and suggests immediate response for policy along with adaptation and mitigation to bring at full stop to contaminating activities. If water contamination is continued likewisea time will come soon that the water qualityof Radaur-Ladwa stretch (Western Yamuna Canal) will be unfit for irrigational purpose too.

scholarly journals Integrated analysis of water quality from two rivers used for public supply in southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Bernardo Chagas ◽  
Camila Fátima Rutkoski ◽  
Gregori Betiato Bieniek ◽  
Gean Delise Leal Pasquali Vargas ◽  
Paulo Afonso Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Biotic Index ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Public Supply ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Surber Sampler

Abstract: Aim This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of streams that are used for public supply, through an integrated analysis using a biotic index, as well as physicochemical and microbiological parameters. Methods The data were obtained monthly, from November 2014 to April 2015, at eight locations in two rivers in the south of Brazil. The landscape is predominantly rural, with the occurrence of small reforested areas, as well as yerba mate and grape cultivations. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected monthly using a Surber sampler. Water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration were measured in the field using a portable oximeter. The following parameters were measured in the laboratory: pH, Turbidity, BOD, Conductivity and Nitrate. Results The evaluation carried out in the rivers revealed good water quality, but some sample sites presented reduced water quality. The waters of the Leãozinho River were classified as doubtful at site 1 and as good at sites 2, 3 and 4. Ligeirinho River presented an acceptable rating at sites 1 and 4 and was classified as good at sites 2 and 3. The BMWP’ index was significantly correlated with the abundance of macroinvertebrates, EPT richness and BOD. The abundance and richness of macroinvertebrates in Leãozinho and Ligeirinho Rivers were associated with the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Conclusion This study reinforces the importance of biomonitoring in the evaluation of water quality for human consumption, considering that environmental management and monitoring practices should integrate physicochemical, microbiological and biological parameters.

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