Abstract. In this study the organic matter (OM) in several permafrost cores from
Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island in NE Siberia was investigated. In
the context of the observed global warming the aim was to evaluate the potential
of freeze-locked OM from different depositional ages to act as a substrate
provider for microbial production of greenhouse gases from thawing
permafrost. To assess this potential, the concentrations of free and bound
acetate, which form an appropriate substrate for methanogenesis, were
determined. The largest free-acetate (in pore water) and bound-acetate
(organic-matrix-linked) substrate pools were present in interstadial
marine isotope stage (MIS) 3 and stadial MIS 4 Yedoma permafrost deposits. In
contrast, deposits from the last interglacial MIS 5e (Eemian) contained only
a small pool of substrates. The Holocene (MIS 1) deposits revealed a
significant bound-acetate pool, representing a future substrate potential
upon release during OM degradation. Additionally, pyrolysis experiments on
the OM allocated an increased aliphatic character to the MIS 3 and 4 Late
Pleistocene deposits, which might indicate less decomposed and presumably
more easily degradable OM. Biomarkers for past microbial communities,
including those for methanogenic archaea, also showed the highest abundance
during MIS 3 and 4, which indicated OM-stimulated microbial degradation and
presumably greenhouse gas production during time of deposition. On a broader
perspective, Arctic warming will increase and deepen permafrost thaw and
favor substrate availability from older freeze-locked permafrost deposits.
Thus, the Yedoma deposits especially showed a high potential for providing
substrates relevant for microbial greenhouse gas production.