scholarly journals 268 Nursery Irrigation Effects on Postplanting Root Dynamics of Limonium cossonianum O. Kuntze in Semi-arid Conditions

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 488D-488
Author(s):  
J.A. Franco ◽  
M.J. GarcÌa ◽  
V. Cros
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Root Dynamics ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Irrigation Effects ◽  
Water Holding

A study was conducted with Limonium cossonianum O. Kuntze to analyze the influence of irrigation regime in nursery on the dynamics of root development after being transplanted with minimum management conditions. Plants were potgrown in a greenhouse. Each plant was potted into 625-mL plastic pot filled with a 1 silica sand medium: 1 peat mixture (v/v) amended with osmocote plus (3.7 g•kg-1 substrate). Drip irrigation was used with a 2-L•h-1 emitter per plant. Two irrigation treatments were used: T3, plants watered 6 days a week at the water-holding capacity (leaching 20% of the applied water) and T1, plants watered twice a week, receiving an amount of water at 30% of T3 plants troughout the nursery period (45 days). After nursery period, plants were transplanted in the open air at the southeast Mediterranean coast of Spain (37°47′N, 0°′54′W), and just one establishment irrigation was applied (50 mm). There were three replications. Plant root and top growth were measured weekly for 13 months. For the root dynamics study, minirhizotrons were used. Acrylic tubes, 2 m long and 80 mm in outside diameter, were placed at a inclination of 24°, reaching a total depth of 160 cm. The evolution of the root length density (RLD) was measured by seven 23-cm-deep soil layers. Results indicate that those plants that were less watered in nursery showed a greater RLD for the whole soil profile. Plants root growth for the top 46 cm of soil were not significantly affected by irrigation treatments; between 46 and 115 cm deep, T1 plants showed greater RLD than T3 (average values of 0.6 vs. 0.3 cm•cm-3); and under 115-cm deep (where root growth was more limited), there were not significant differences. For the first 6 months, a important plant top growth was observed, there being no significant differences among irrigation treatments. Research suported by CICYT grant AGF-96-1136-C02-02.

scholarly journals 262 Nursery Irrigation Effects on Postplanting Root Development of Two Mediterranean Species in Semi-arid Conditions

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 487C-487
Author(s):  
J.A. Franco ◽  
S. Bañón ◽  
J.A. Fernández ◽  
A. González
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Irrigation Effects ◽  
Water Holding

A study was conducted with Lotus creticus and Limonium cossonianum to analyze the influence of irrigation regime in nursery on the dynamics of root development after being transplanted with minimum management conditions. Plants were pot-grown in a greenhouse located at the southeastern Mediterranean coast of Spain (37°47′N, 0°54′W). Each plant was potted into 625-mL plastic pot filled with a 1 silica sand medium: 1 peat (v/v) mixture amended with osmocote plus (3.7 g•kg-1 substrate). Drip irrigation was used, with a 2-L•h-1 emitter per plant. Three irrigation treatments were utilized: T6, plants watered 6 days a week at the water-holding capacity (leaching ≈20% of the applied water); T3, plants watered 3 days a week; and T2, plants watered twice a week. T3 and T2 plants received amounts of water at ≈50% and ≈30%, respectively, of T6 plants troughout the nursery period (3 months for Lotus and 45 days for Limonium). After nursery period, plants were transplanted into transparent containers (round acrylic tubes 8 cm in diameter and 100 cm tall) filled with silt loam texture soil, and just one establishment irrigation was applied (30 mm). Containers were covered with a black plastic sheet and isolating material to prevent light influencing and becoming heated. There were three replications. Plant root and top growth were measured every 3 days for 1 month. Results indicate that those plants that were less watered in nursery showed a greater and faster root development especially where depth was concerned. Lotus plants root growth, for the top 20 cm of soil, were not significantly affected by irrigation treatments; between 20 and 40 cm deep, T2 plants at 12 days after transplanting (DAT) had 2.8- and 9.1-times greater root length (RL) than T3 and T6 plants, respectively. At 30 DAT, T2 plants had 1.7- and 6.2-times higher RL than T3 and T6, respectively. Under 40-cm deep (where infiltration of the establishment irrigation water was very limited), only T2 plants developed roots. There was no plant top growth throughout this period. Limonium plants exhibited notably lower root development (≈1/5) than Lotus plants. In the top 15 cm of soil, Limonium plants RL were not significantly affected by irrigation treatment; between 15 and 30 cm deep, T2 and T3 plants, at 10 DAT, had 2.2-times longer RL than T6 plants, and at 30 DAT, T2 plants had 1.4- and 2.1-times greater RL than T3 and T6 plants, respectively. Below 30 cm, only T2 plants developed roots and, even so, very few ones. For this period, a slight plant top growth was observed, there being no significant differences among irrigation treatments. Research suported by CICYT grant AGF-96-1136-C02-02.

scholarly journals Understanding Root Biology for Enhancing Cotton Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayant H. Meshram ◽  
Sunil S. Mahajan ◽  
Dipak Nagrale ◽  
Nandini Gokte-Narkhedkar ◽  
Harish Kumbhalkar
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Commercial Crop ◽  
Environmental Responses

Cotton is an important commercial crop grown in India. It occupies an area of about 12.7 million hectares and is grown both in irrigated as well as rainfed tracts. In such situations, roots are very important organ for plant growth and development, since they act as anchors, providing mechanical support, and chemical extractors for the growing plant. Root length density sets the proportion of water uptake both under wet conditions and dry soils. Cotton plants with efficient root system capture water and nutrients from soil having these features of longer tap root. It is widely accepted that breeding efforts on aboveground traits are not sufficient to the necessary yield advantage. Shifting the emphasis to analyzing the root system would provide an additional means to enhance yield under changing climatic condition. Belowground image analysis studies point to the importance of root system architecture for optimizing roots and rhizosphere dynamics for sustainable cotton production. In this review, we describe the cotton root biological context in which root-environment interactions providing an overview of the root growth morphology species wise, phytohormone action that control root growth, root anatomical significance in drying soils, biotic and abiotic stresses involved in controlling root growth and environmental responses.

scholarly journals Root Dynamics of Muskmelon Transplants as Affected by Nursery Irrigation

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Franco ◽  
Daniel I. Leskovar
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Root Dynamics ◽  
Transplant Shock ◽  
Uppermost Layer

Containerized `Lavi' muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)] transplants were grown in a nursery with two irrigation systems: overhead irrigation (OI) and flotation irrigation (FI). Initially, root development was monitored during a 36-day nursery period. Thereafter, seedling root growth was monitored either in transparent containers inside a growth chamber, or through minirhizotrons placed in the field. During the nursery period, OI promoted increased early basal root growth, whereas FI promoted greater basal root elongation between 25 and 36 days after seeding (DAS). At 36 DAS leaf area, shoot fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), and shoot to root ratio were greater for OI than for FI transplants, while root length and FWs and DWs were nearly the same. Total root elongation in the growth chamber was greater for FI than for OI transplants between 4 and 14 days after transplanting. Similarly, the minirhizotron measurements in the field showed a greater root length density in the uppermost layer of the soil profile for FI than for OI transplants. Overall, muskmelon transplants had greater root development initially when subjected to overhead compared to flotation irrigation in the nursery. However, during late development FI transplants appeared to have a greater capacity to regenerate roots, thus providing an adaptive mechanism to enhance postplanting root development and to withstand transplant shock in field conditions. At harvest, root length density and yield were closely similar for the plants in the two transplant irrigation treatments.

scholarly journals High throughput phenotyping of root growth dynamics, lateral root formation, root architecture and root hair development enabled by PlaRoM

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Yazdanbakhsh ◽  
Joachim Fisahn
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Lateral Root Development

Plant organ phenotyping by non-invasive video imaging techniques provides a powerful tool to assess physiological traits and biomass production. We describe here a range of applications of a recently developed plant root monitoring platform (PlaRoM). PlaRoM consists of an imaging platform and a root extension profiling software application. This platform has been developed for multi parallel recordings of root growth phenotypes of up to 50 individual seedlings over several days, with high spatial and temporal resolution. PlaRoM can investigate root extension profiles of different genotypes in various growth conditions (e.g. light protocol, temperature, growth media). In particular, we present primary root growth kinetics that was collected over several days. Furthermore, addition of 0.01% sucrose to the growth medium provided sufficient carbohydrates to maintain reduced growth rates in extended nights. Further analysis of records obtained from the imaging platform revealed that lateral root development exhibits similar growth kinetics to the primary root, but that root hairs develop in a faster rate. The compatibility of PlaRoM with currently accessible software packages for studying root architecture will be discussed. We are aiming for a global application of our collected root images to analytical tools provided in remote locations.

scholarly journals The development of an optical scanner method for observation of plant root dynamics

Plant Root ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Dannoura ◽  
Yuji Kominami ◽  
Hiroyuki Oguma ◽  
Yoichi Kanazawa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Dynamics ◽  
Optical Scanner

scholarly journals Water uptake dynamics under progressive drought stress in diverse accessions of the OryzaSNP panel of rice (Oryza sativa)

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeresh R. P. Gowda ◽  
Amelia Henry ◽  
Vincent Vadez ◽  
H. E. Shashidhar ◽  
Rachid Serraj
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Genotypic Differences

In addition to characterising root architecture, evaluating root water uptake ability is important for understanding drought response. A series of three lysimeter studies were conducted using the OryzaSNP panel, which consists of 20 diverse rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Large genotypic differences in drought response were observed in this genotype panel in terms of plant growth and water uptake. Total water uptake and daily water uptake rates in the drought-stress treatment were correlated with root length density, especially at depths below 30 cm. Patterns of water uptake among genotypes remained consistent throughout the stress treatments: genotypes that initially extracted more water were the same genotypes that extracted more water at the end of the study. These results suggest that response to drought by deep root growth, rather than a conservative soil water pattern, seems to be important for lowland rice. Genotypes in the O. sativa type aus group showed some of the greatest water uptake and root growth values. Since the OryzaSNP panel has been genotyped in detail with SNP markers, we expect that these results will be useful for understanding the genetics of rice root growth and function for water uptake in response to drought.

scholarly journals Overexpression of OsPIN2 Regulates Root Growth and Formation in Response to Phosphate Deficiency in Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5144
Author(s):  
Huwei Sun ◽  
Xiaoli Guo ◽  
Fugui Xu ◽  
Daxia Wu ◽  
Xuhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Auxin Distribution ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The response of root architecture to phosphate (P) deficiency is critical in plant growth and development. Auxin is a key regulator of plant root growth in response to P deficiency, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, phenotypic and genetic analyses were undertaken to explore the role of OsPIN2, an auxin efflux transporter, in regulating the growth and development of rice roots under normal nutrition condition (control) and low-phosphate condition (LP). Higher expression of OsPIN2 was observed in rice plants under LP compared to the control. Meanwhile, the auxin levels of roots were increased under LP relative to control condition in wild-type (WT) plants. Compared to WT plants, two overexpression (OE) lines had higher auxin levels in the roots under control and LP. LP led to increased seminal roots (SRs) length and the root hairs (RHs) density, but decreased lateral roots (LRs) density in WT plants. However, overexpression of OsPIN2 caused a loss of sensitivity in the root response to P deficiency. The OE lines had a shorter SR length, lower LR density, and greater RH density than WT plants under control. However, the LR and RH densities in the OE lines were similar to those in WT plants under LP. Compared to WT plants, overexpression of OsPIN2 had a shorter root length through decreased root cell elongation under control and LP. Surprisingly, overexpression of OsPIN2 might increase auxin distribution in epidermis of root, resulting in greater RH formation but less LR development in OE plants than in WT plants in the control condition but levels similar of these under LP. These results suggest that higher OsPIN2 expression regulates rice root growth and development maybe by changing auxin distribution in roots under LP condition.

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