521 Effects of Apogee on the Growth and Fruit Quality of Three Apple Cultivars in California

Apogee at rates of 125 and 250 ppm applied at 2-cm average shoot growth and a split application of 125 ppm applied at 2-cm shoot growth and 2 weeks later reduced vegetative growth of `Pink Lady', `Gala', and `Fuji' in 1997 and 1998. Cultivar response varied with rate and year. Fruit size was significantly increased in `Gala' at the low rate and split low rate applications and in `Fuji' at the low and high rate single application in 1998. There was no effect on return bloom or fruit color.

Download Full-text

Effects of Prohexadione-Calcium on Fruit Size and Return Bloom in Pear

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.6.1305 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 1305-1308 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

David Sugar ◽

Don C. Elfving ◽

Eugene A. Mielke

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Single Application ◽

Pear Fruit ◽

Crop Load ◽

Return Bloom ◽

Old Trees ◽

Prohexadione Calcium

The effects of prohexadione-calcium (P-Ca) on fruit size and return bloom in three pear cultivars were evaluated in Medford and Hood River, Ore., and in Cashmere, Wash. A variety of treatment dosages and timings was applied to 4- and 5-year-old trees in 2 years of study. Fruit weight of `Bosc' and `Red Anjou' pears was not affected by P-Ca treatments at any location in either year. However, decreased weight of `Bartlett' pear fruit was associated with all P-Ca treatments in 1999 in Medford except for 83 ppm applied at 2.5 to 6.0 cm shoot growth (first treatment) plus 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after first treatment (WAFT) and 125 ppm applied at 2.5 to 6.0 cm growth plus 4 WAFT. `Bartlett' fruit weight was reduced in Medford in 2000 by all treatments except 125 ppm applied at 2.5 to 6.0 cm growth plus 4, 8, and 12 WAFT. In Cashmere in 2000, mean weight of `Bartlett' and `d'Anjou' fruit was reduced by treatments with 83 or 125 ppm applied at 2.5 to 6.0 cm growth plus 2, 4, and 6 WAFT and of `Bosc' pear by all treatments that included more than a single application of P-Ca. Crop load was not significantly different among treatments at any location. Return bloom in the year following P-Ca treatment was reduced in `Bosc' pears by some to most treatments at all locations in both years. In contrast, return bloom was reduced in `Bartlett' and `Anjou' pears only in Hood River in 1999.

Download Full-text

180 Apogee™ Controls Shoot Growth and Fruit Parameters

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.421e ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 421E-421

Author(s):

Guglielmo Costa ◽

Anna Maria Bregoli ◽

Emidio Sabatini ◽

Bomben Cristina ◽

Vizzotto Giannina

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Reproductive Parameters ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Leaf Coloration ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Return Bloom

The efficacy of Prohexadione-Ca on vegetative and reproductive parameters was tested for 3 years on three apple cultivars (Golden Delicious, Braeburn, and Fuji) at concentrations ranging from 125 up to 350 ppm. The Prohexadione-ca was applied after shoots reached 5 cm length, for 1 month. In all cases, Prohexadione-Ca reduced shoot growth, showed the tendency to increase fruit size and to enhance return bloom. In addition, it increased leaf coloration and higher chlorophyll content, and it induced higher photosynthetic efficiency than the control. The relationships among shoot reduction, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency are discussed.

Download Full-text

FUNGICIDAL CONTROL OF BOTRYTIS CINEREA ON FOUR STRAWBERRY VARIETIES

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps68-048 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 267-272

Author(s):

C. O. Gourley

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Important Variable ◽

The Other ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

High Rate ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

The Mean ◽

Low Rate

Captan, dichlofluanid at a high and a low rate, thiram, and a mixture of captan and thiram were tested in a field trial to control gray mold fruit rot caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. on the strawberry varieties Gorella, Midway, Redcoat and Sparkle. The mean marketable yield of the varieties was increased by dichlofluanid (low) and thiram but not by the other treatments over that of non-sprayed plots. Dichlofluanid (high) gave better control of pre-harvest fruit rot than captan. Dichlofluanid (high) significantly reduced mean fruit size. Redcoat yields were higher with the low rate than the high rate of dichlofluanid, but pre-harvest fruit rot control and fruit size did not differ with the two rates. Gorella yields and fruit size were smaller with captan + thiram than with captan or thiram. Thiram reduced fruit size on Midway. The varietal reaction to fungicides suggests that marketable yield is the most important variable in selecting a fungicide for the control of gray mold fruit rot of strawberries.

Download Full-text

PERFORMANCE OF MECHANICAL ROOT PRUNING OR HEDGING IN AN INTENSIVE ORCHARD

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1122c ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1122c-1122

Author(s):

David C. Ferree

Keyword(s):

Unit Volume ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Root Pruning ◽

Cumulative Yield ◽

Free Standing ◽

Canopy Volume ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Annual Summer

In 1981, four apple cultivars were established as a low trellis hedgerow on M.9 or free-standing central leaders on M.7 at the recommended or half the recommended spacing with the close planted trees either root pruned annually at bloom or hedged in August. Planting at half the spacing and annual summer hedging 2 sides decreased TCA 25% and canopy volume 51% with no effect on shoot growth, while annual root pruning decreased TCA 34%, canopy volume 50% and shoot length 25%. Planting at half spacing and either hedging or root pruning reduced yields per tree. Efficiency as measured by yield TCA was decreased by hedging and as measured by yield/m3 canopy volume was increased by both treatments with hedging having the greatest effect. The cumulative yield/ha was increased by both hedging and root pruning with no difference between them. Fruit size was decreased by close planting and root pruning caused a greater decrease than hedging. Close planting increased the number of spurs and shoots and LAI per unit volume of canopy with no difference between hedging or root pruning. `Empire' outproduced `Smoothee' and `Delicious' on the trellis and `Lawspur' had higher yields than any other cultivar in the central leader.

Download Full-text

THE EFFECTS OF FOLIARLY APPLIED CALCIUM ON FRUIT CALCIUM, FIRMNESS, SOLUBLE SOLIDS, STORABILITY AND ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY OF `CRESTHAVEN' PEACH

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1147c ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1147c-1147

Author(s):

J. Anthony Hopfinger ◽

Donald W. Shaffner ◽

Eric D. Cubberley

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Storage Period ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

High Rate ◽

Calcium Treatment ◽

Crop Load ◽

Texture Profile

Both Cacl2 and Nutrical (a trihydroxyglutarate chelate) were foliarly applied at rates of 1.8 and 5.5 Cacl2/ha/season and 1.5 and 4.5 l/ha/season, respectively. Applications were made starting at shuck split and repeated at 2 week intervals until harvest. Neither calcium treatment had an effect on fruit size and size distribution. Fruit size was directly related to crop load. Calcium chloride application had the most pronounced effect on increasing the red over-color of `Cresthaven' peaches with Nutrical intermediate compared to the control. The high rate of Nutrical increased flesh calcium levels at harvest by 75-100 PPM. Instron Texture Profile Analysis indicated that any calcium treatment significantly increased the hardness of the peach. Nutrical at 4.5 l/ha/season improved hardness 2-fold compared to the controls. The improved hardness was maintained throughout the 6 week storage period.

Download Full-text

291 Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization Time on Nitrogen Storage and Return Bloom of Pecan

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.492d ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 492D-492

Author(s):

Laura E. Acuña-Maldonado ◽

Michael W. Smith

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Nitrogen Storage ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Application Time ◽

Split Application ◽

Single Application ◽

N Application ◽

Nitrate N ◽

N Concentration ◽

Return Bloom

A study was conducted to compare a single nitrogen application in March (125 kg N/ha) vs. a split application in March (75 kg N/ha) and October (50 kg N/ha) on 15-year-old `Maramec'. After one season, N application time did not affect return bloom. A split N application increased trunk wood Kjeldahl-N but decreased Kjeldahl-N in the current season's reproductive shoots and 1-year-old branches compared to a single application in March. Kjeldahl-N concentration was not affected by treatment in current season's vegetative shoots, trunk bark or roots. Nitrate-N concentration was not affected by treatment in any tissue sampled. Between the first week of October and the first killing frost in November, Kjeldahl-N increased 29% in current season's shoots, 21% in trunk bark, 32% in roots >1 cm in diameter, and 15% in roots <1 cm in diameter but decreased 42% in trunk wood and 5% in 1-year-old branches. Roots <1 cm in diameter accumulated more nitrate-N than other tissues during November.

Download Full-text

Cranberry Tolerance to Clopyralid

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.10.1131 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 1131-1132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kim Patten ◽

John Wang ◽

Fred Katz ◽

Don Riemer ◽

Chuck Kusek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Jersey ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽

High Rate ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽

Crop Injury ◽

Low Rate

Tolerance of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) at different phenological stages to the postemergent broadleaf herbicide clopyralid (0.21 or 0.42 kg a.i./ha) was evaluated in Washington, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Wisconsin. Tolerance varied among states, rates, and application times. Applications made during early shoot growth, especially at the high rate, usually resulted in the most crop injury (leaf cupping and epinasty and reduced yield); while applications at the low rate made after vegetative development occurred usually resulted in less or no injury. No phytotoxicity occurred when applications were made before shoot growth (Washington and New Jersey). Chemical name used: 3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (clopyralid).

Download Full-text

Effect of Abscisic Acid and Benzyladenine on Fruit Set and Fruit Quality of Apples

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.46.4.604 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 604-609 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Duane W. Greene ◽

James R. Schupp ◽

H. Edwin Winzeler

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Leaf Abscission ◽

Red Color ◽

Leaf Yellowing ◽

Return Bloom

Experiments were conducted over a 5-year period to determine the effects of abscisic acid (ABA) and benzyladenine (BA) applied alone and in combination on fruit set, fruit quality, and return bloom of ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Fuji’ apples. ABA thinned in 3 of the 5 years used and it thinned ‘McIntosh’ when applied at bloom, petal fall, and at the 10-mm fruit size stage. On ‘Fuji’, ABA thinned over a range of concentrations from 150 to 1000 mg·L−1. It caused leaf yellowing on ‘McIntosh’ but not on ‘Fuji’. When BA was applied with ABA on ‘McIntosh’, even at a rate as high as 1000 mg·L−1, it either dramatically reduced or prevented leaf yellowing and leaf abscission. The usefulness of applying BA with ABA was inconclusive because of variability in thinning response. ABA advanced surface red color on ‘McIntosh’ and when combined with BA, it reversed the reduction in red color caused by BA.

Download Full-text

Ammonium thiosulfate and 6-benzyladenine improve the crop load and fruit quality of 'Delicious' apples

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea05217 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 635 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. A. Bound ◽

S. J. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Single Application ◽

Crop Load ◽

Ammonium Thiosulfate

Four trials were conducted over 3 years to assess the effect of ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) as a blossom thinner of ‘Delicious’ apple trees. In addition to determining the optimal concentration of ATS and the effectiveness of multiple applications, the effect on fruit quality was assessed. A program using ATS at bloom and 6-benzyladenine (BA) applied postbloom was examined. Multiple applications of ATS reduced crop load more than a single application. A concentration of 1.0% (v/v, 5800 mg/L) applied twice during the flowering period is recommended, with the first application at 20% bloom and the second at 80% bloom. Fruit firmness and sugar content were increased by ATS, and a positive relationship between fruit weight and sugar content and between fruit weight and firmness was demonstrated. ATS can also be effectively combined in a program with BA with the added benefits of increases in fruit size, firmness and sugar content; however, caution is advised to prevent over-thinning.

Download Full-text

576 Effects of NAA-800 and Retain on Fruit Retention and Quality of `Rome Beauty' and `Delicious' Apples

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.495d ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 495D-495

Author(s):

Esmaeil Fallahi ◽

Duane W. Greene

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Fruit Color ◽

Starch Degradation ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Single Application ◽

Major Improvement ◽

Fruit Drop ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Degradation Pattern

Effects of various combinations of NAA-800 and Retain on fruit retention, yield, and harvest and post-storage fruit quality of `Rome Beauty' and `Delicious' apples were studied over one to three seasons. Retain and NAA-800 often reduced preharvest fruit drop as compared to control. Fruit from trees that received Retain at 123.6 g a.i./ha, or 61.8 g a.i./ha plus NAA-800 showed lower starch degradation pattern (SDP) at harvest and higher firmness. Retain treated fruit had lower evolved ethylene and respiration. Application of Retain at 61.8 g a.i./ha plus NAA-800 delayed fruit maturity, and the effects on fruit quality at harvest was comparable to the effects of this chemical at 123.6 g. a.i./ha. However, after storage, fruits from trees receiving Retain at 123.6 g a.i./ha often were firmer. Split applications of NAA-800 did not show major improvement in delaying fruit maturity over a single application. Application of NAA-800 at 585 mL/ha tended to reduce fruit firmness and increase fruit SDP. These fruits some times tended to have better color. Results on fruit color varied from year to year.

Download Full-text