scholarly journals Small Divisions of Ornamental Grasses Produce the Best Growth Following Direct Potting

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1126-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Grass Production ◽  
Ornamental Grasses ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides ◽  
Bare Root

Potting of bare-root spring divisions is a simplified approach to ornamental grass production. Large and small divisions of eight common ornamental grasses were directly potted into 7-L nursery containers and grown outdoors for 20 weeks to determine an appropriate division size for each grass. Response to division size was dependent on the grass species. Large divisions of Calamagrostis ×cutiflora `Karl Foerster' (Schräd.) produced twice as many inflorescences as small divisions. At harvest, large divisions of Miscanthus oligostachyus `Purpurascens' (Stapf.) had twice as many inflorescences and 1.5 times as many tillers as small divisions. However, new tiller production in large divisions was only 50% of that in small division plants. Large divisions of Miscanthus sinensis (Anderss.) cultivars produced more tillers and greater fresh and dry weights than did small divisions, but again, the differences were not proportional to the size difference between the initial divisions. Large divisions of Panicum virgatum (L.) produced 50 more tillers per plant than did small divisions, but plant weight, size, and number of inflorescences were not affected by division size. Plants from large divisions of Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. were 7 cm shorter than small divisions and produced 24% more inflorescences and 27% more tillers, but appeared nutrient and/or water stressed. For most grasses, smaller division size is recommended for direct spring potting.

scholarly journals Growth, Gas Exchange, and Mineral Nutrients of Ornamental Grasses Irrigated with Saline Water

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1840-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiang Wang ◽  
Youping Sun ◽  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Chaoyi Deng ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Salt Damage ◽  
Ornamental Grasses

Ornamental grasses are commonly used in urban landscapes in Utah and the Intermountain West of the United States. The relative salt tolerance of Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. (purple love grass), Miscanthus sinensis Andersson ‘Gracillimus’ (maiden grass), Panicum virgatum L. ‘Northwind’ (switchgrass), and Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash (little bluestem) were evaluated in a greenhouse. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m–1 (control), or saline solution at an EC of 5.0 or 10.0 dS·m–1. At harvest (65 days after the initiation of treatment), P. virgatum and S. scoparium exhibited no foliar salt damage, and E. spectabilis and M. sinensis had minimal foliar salt damage when irrigated with saline solution at an EC of 5.0 dS·m–1. At an EC of 10.0 dS·m–1, P. virgatum and S. scoparium still had no foliar salt damage, but E. spectabilis and M. sinensis displayed slight foliar salt damage, with visual scores greater than 3 (0 = dead; 5 = excellent). Compared with the control, saline solution at an EC of 5.0 and 10.0 dS·m–1 reduced the shoot dry weight of all ornamental grasses by 25% and 46%, respectively. The leaf sodium (Na+) concentration of E. spectabilis, M. sinensis, P. virgatum, and S. scoparium irrigated with saline solution at an EC of 10.0 dS·m–1 increased 14.3, 52.6, 5.3, and 1.7 times, respectively, and the chloride (Cl–) concentration increased by 9.4, 11.1, 2.8, and 2.7 times, respectively. As a result of the salt-induced water deficit, plant height, leaf area, number of inflorescences and tillers, net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gS), and transpiration rate of four tested ornamental grasses decreased to some extent. Although high Na+ and Cl– accumulated in the leaf tissue, all ornamental grass species still had a good visual quality, with average visual scores greater than 3. In conclusion, all ornamental grasses showed a very strong tolerance to the salinity levels used in this research.

scholarly journals Direct Potting of Ornamental Grasses using Two Division Sizes

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 660a-660
Author(s):  
Mark H. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Ornamental Grasses ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Bare Root

Nursery production of many ornamental grasses involves potting of established liners into 8.5-L containers. Direct potting of bare root divisions into 8.5-L containers may represent a more efficient production method. Large and small divisions (based on number of tillers and volume) of eight ornamental grasses were potted directly into 8.5-L containers. The potting medium used was a 3 aged pine bark: 2 peat moss: 1 sand nursery mix (by volume), amended with dolomitic lime at 3 kg/yard3, and top dressed with Sierra 17-6-10 plus minors at 40 g/container, 8 to 9 month fertilizer. Plants were grown outdoors in a container nursery from May through September. All grasses tested performed well using the direct potting method, with 100% survival. Large divisions of Miscanthus sinensis cultivars produced plants with greater fresh weight, dry weight and number of tillers than did small divisions. Division size did not affect Miscanthus foliage or flower height but did affect number of flowers for `Graziella' and `Purpurascens'. Large divisions of Calamagrostis `Karl Foerster', a grass grown primarily for flowering, produced twice as many flowers as small divisions. Panicum virgatum and Pennisetum alopecuriodes showed signs of nutrient stress when grown from large divisions. Although a greater number of tillers was produced by large divisions of Panicum and Pennisetum, fresh weight, dry weight, flower height, and foliage height were similar to or less than that observed on plants from small divisions.

scholarly journals Application of wood chips for soil mulching in the cultivation of ornamental grasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Henschke ◽  
Barbara Politycka
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ornamental Grasses ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides

AbstractA mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of the soil. Mulching plays an important role in the maintenance of green spaces. Organic materials are still sought for the preparation of mulches. Recently interest in wood chips has grown. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of mulching with pine and birch chips on the contents of phenolic compounds in the soil, as well as on the growth and flowering of ornamental grasses –Bouteloua gracilis(Kunth.) Lag. ex Griffiths,Panicum virgatumL. andPennisetum alopecuroidesL. The content of phenolic compounds in the soil steadily increased from spring to autumn. Mulching led to a substantial increase in the level of phenolic compounds. In the first year of cultivation more phenolic compounds were released by chips of pine than birch, while in the second year this difference did not occur. Mulching had a negative impact on the growth and flowering of ornamental grasses, especially in the first year of cultivation. Ornamental grass sensitivity to the substances released from mulches decreased with the age of the plants and was dependent on the species –Bouteloua graciliswas found to be particularly sensitive.

scholarly journals Post-harvest longevity of ornamental grasses conditioned in gibberellic acid and 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Henschke ◽  
Katarzyna Pers ◽  
Sylwia Opalińska
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Spartina Pectinata ◽  
Ornamental Grasses ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides ◽  
Leaf Greenness

Abstract Florists’ greens are becoming increasingly important in contemporary floristry. Numerous studies conducted on cut flowers have led to the development of technologies for their post-harvest handling; however, in the case of florists’ greens they are still insufficient. Moreover, the extensive range of florists’ greens lacks leaves and the leafy culms of grasses. The aim of this study was to determine the post-harvest longevity of the leaves and leafy culms of ornamental grasses conditioned in water solutions of gibberellic acid and 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate. The post-harvest longevity of leaves was examined in cultivars of the following species: Glyceria maxima Hartm. ‘Variegata’, Miscanthus sinensis Thunb. ‘Zebrinus’ and Spartina pectinata Link. ‘Aureomarginata’. The post-harvest longevity of leafy culms was investigated in Alopecurus pratensis L. ‘Aureovariegatus’, Chasmanthium latifolium Michx., Miscanthus sinensis Thunb. ‘Silberspinne’, Pennisetum alopecuroides L. and Phalaris arundinacea L. ‘Picta’. Conditioning in gibberellic acid had a positive effect on the post-harvest longevity and fresh weight loss and the index of leaf greenness of leaves in the case of Miscanthus sinensis ‘Zebrinus’, while conditioning in 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate improved fresh weight loss and the index of leaf greenness of the leafy culms of Miscanthus sinensis ‘Zebrinus’, Pennisetum alopecuroides and the leaves of Glyceria maxima ‘Variegata’.

scholarly journals Ornamental Grasses For Minnesota

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
M. Hockenberry Meyer ◽  
D. B. White ◽  
H. Pellett
Keyword(s):  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Ornamental Grasses ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides

Abstract One hundred and sixty-five (165) species and cultivars of ornamental grasses and grass-like plants were investigated to determine winter survival in USDA Zone 4a from 1987 to 1993 at the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, Chanhassen, MN. Eighty-five (85) entries survived and performed well all six years and are considered hardy under the conditions of the experiment. Additionally, 35 entries survived four or five of the six years and are considered marginally hardy. The remaining 45 entries survived no more than two winters and are not hardy in zone 4a. Hardiness varied within species of Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. and Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng..Saccharum ravennae (L.) Murray, synonym (Erianthus ravennae); Imperata cylindrica L. ‘Red Baron’; and Chasmanthium latifolium (Mic.)Yat. were not considered hardy. Some popular genera such as Calamagrostis, Deschampsia, Molinia, and Spodiopogon were reliably hardy throughout the years of the investigation.

scholarly journals Postemergence Applied Herbicides for Use On Ornamental Grasses

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Donna C. Fare
Keyword(s):  
Grass Species ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Fourth Species ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides ◽  
Cortaderia Selloana ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Low Rate

Abstract Postemergence-applied, grass-active herbicides registered for use in the landscape were applied over-the-top of four ornamental grass species to evaluate tolerance in 1990 and 1991. All herbicides caused some injury to all grass species. Growth indices of dwarf fountain grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides L.K. Spreng. ‘Hameln)’ and pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana Schult. & Schult. f. Asch & Graebn. ‘Rosea’) treated with the low rate of Poast (sethoxydim) was similar to that of the nontreated plants in both years. Acclaim (fenoxaprop-ethyl) caused less injury to purple maiden grass (Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. ‘Purpurescens’) and maiden grass (M. sinensis Anderss ‘Gracillimus’) than Poast and Fusilade 2000 (fluazifop). Both Acclaim rates resulted in similar growth indices to that of nontreated plants. Flowering was reduced in three of the four grass species with all grass active herbicide treatments; the fourth species did not flower.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Native and Ornamental Grasses to Over-the-top Applications of Topramezone Herbicide

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 842-849
Author(s):  
S. Christopher Marble ◽  
Matthew T. Elmore ◽  
James T. Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Sorghastrum Nutans ◽  
Eastern Gamagrass ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides ◽  
Over The Top

Research was conducted to determine the tolerance of multiple native and ornamental grass species and one ornamental sedge species to over-the-top applications of the postemergence herbicide topramezone at three locations in the southeastern United States in 2016 and 2017. Fully rooted liners of selected grass species were outplanted into research plots in Apopka, FL; Dallas, TX; and Knoxville, TN in late spring, allowed time to establish (≈1–2 months) and then treated with two applications of topramezone at either 0.05 or 0.10 kg a.i./ha at 6–8 weeks intervals. Results showed that species including Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge), Schizachyrium scoparium ‘The Blues’ (little bluestem), Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass), and Tripsacum floridanum (florida gamagrass) exhibited the greatest tolerance to topramezone with <10% injury to no injury being evident after each application of both herbicide rates tested. Chasmanthium latifolium (wild oats), Eragrostis elliottii ‘Wind Dancer’, Muhlenbergia capillaris (pink muhly), and Spartina bakeri (sandcord grass) were significantly injured (50% injury or greater) at both herbicide rates. Average injury observed on Panicum virgatum ‘Shenandoah’ (red switchgrass) (ranging from 39% to 100% injury) and Sorghastrum nutans (indian grass) (ranging from 0% to 40% injury) was higher in Florida than in Tennessee (injury ranging from 23% to 43% on red switchgrass and 0% to 10% on indian grass). Similarly, Pennisetum alopecuroides (dwarf fountain grass) showed higher tolerance in Texas (ranging from 0% to 34% injury) compared with those observed in Tennessee (ranging from 0% to 53% injury). Topramezone injury to Carex appalachica (appalachian sedge) was ≤18% following two applications at both rates tested. Although no injury was observed in appalachian sedge following a single application up to 0.1 kg a.i. in Florida, plants succumbed to heat stress and accurate ratings could not be taken following the second application. Because of variability observed, tolerance of red switchgrass, indian grass, dwarf fountain grass, and appalachian sedge to applications of topramezone deserves further investigation. There is potential for future use of topramezone for control of certain grass and broadleaf weeds growing in and around certain ornamental grass species. However, as there was significant variability in tolerance based on species and differences in cultivars, testing a small group of plants before large-scale application would be recommended.

scholarly journals Ornamental Grasses Show Minimal Response to Cultural Inputs

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mack Thetford ◽  
Gary W. Knox ◽  
Edwin R. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Central Park ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides ◽  
Plot Design

Full sun trial gardens were established at two sites in northern Florida. Six U.S. native and three non-native warm season grass species were evaluated in a split-plot design. Only eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides), elliott's lovegrass (Eragrostis elliottii), gulf hairawn muhly (Muhlenbergia capillaris), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), and ‘Central Park' maiden grass (Miscanthus sinensis) showed a significant response to supplemental irrigation or fertilization. Supplemental irrigation did not influence foliage height for any of the grasses, whereas supplemental fertilization influenced foliage height only for chinese fountain grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides). The response differences between locations were attributed in part to soil types. This study observed minimal or no response of shoot growth to supplemental irrigation or fertilization for the grass species tested, thereby affirming the broad adaptability and minimal need for inputs for these ornamental landscape plants.

scholarly journals Propagation Time Affects Winter Survival and Finishing Date for Ornamental Grasses

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Cunliffe ◽  
Mary Hockenberry Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Propagation Time ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Ornamental Grasses ◽  
One Year

Abstract Five grasses: little bluestem, Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash; prairie dropseed, Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray; feather reedgrass, Calamagrostis x acutiflora (Schrad.) DC. ‘Karl Foerster’; redflame miscanthus, Miscanthus Anderss. ‘Purpurascens’; and variegated Japanese silvergrass, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. ‘Variegatus’; were propagated in fall and spring by plugs or field divisions into 480 ml (4 in round), 2.7 liter (#1), or 6.2 liter (#2) nursery containers. Plants were evaluated for finish date and winter survival. Three fall handled species consistently finished as a salable plant within one year: Schizachyrium scoparium plugs, Calamagrostis xacutiflora ‘Karl Foerster’ divisions, and Miscanthus ‘Purpurascens’ divisions. Sporobolus heterolepis and Miscanthus sinensis ‘Variegatus’ grew faster and finished with significantly higher survival rates from spring divisions. Spring planted plugs of S. heterolepis and S. scoparium finished within 9 weeks. The two smaller container sizes finished significantly ahead of the larger size.

scholarly journals THE USE OF NANO-SILVER FOR DISINFECTION OF Pennisetum alopecuroides PLANT MATERIAL FOR TISSUE CULTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Parzymies ◽  
Krystyna Pudelska ◽  
Monika Poniewozik
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Nano Silver ◽  
The Media ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides

Initiation of tissue culture of many plant species is a very difficult stage due to appearance of many contaminations. The other problem might be a choice of media for regeneration. Initiation of grass species tissue cultures are thought to be very difficult. Therefore, a research was undertaken to evaluate the use of nano-silver particles for plant material disinfection and to estimate a medium Pennisetum alopecuroides. The plant material were buds and nodal explants that were disinfected in 2% NaOCl for 30 min or 0.1% HgCl2 for 1 min. Half of the explants disinfected with NaOCl were soaked in 50, 100 or 250 mg·dm Ag–3 NPs for 1 hour. Explants not soaked in nano-silver were placed on media with Ag NPs at concentrations of 4, 8 or 16 mg·dm–3. An influence of growth regulators on Pennisetum alopecuroides was evaluated in vitro. Regenerated shoots were placed on MS media with: 3 mg·dm–3 BA + 0.3 mg·dm–3 IBA, 3 mg·dm–3 KIN + 0.3 mg·dm–3 IAA, 1 mg·dm–3 BA + 0.1 mg·dm–3 IBA. It was observed that the use of nano-silver particles lowered the level of contamination. The best results were obtained when Ag NPs was used at concentration of 100–250 mg·dm–3 alone or as a supplementation of the media, at concentration of 4 mg·dm–3 for nodes and 16 mg·dm–3 for adventitious buds. The use of nodal explants allowed to obtain less contamination. Regeneration depended on a media content. The most regenerated shoots were obtained on the MS media supplemented with 1 mg·dm–3 BA and 0.1 mg·dm–3 IBA.

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