scholarly journals Postemergence Applied Herbicides for Use On Ornamental Grasses

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Donna C. Fare
Keyword(s):  
Grass Species ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Fourth Species ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides ◽  
Cortaderia Selloana ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Low Rate

Abstract Postemergence-applied, grass-active herbicides registered for use in the landscape were applied over-the-top of four ornamental grass species to evaluate tolerance in 1990 and 1991. All herbicides caused some injury to all grass species. Growth indices of dwarf fountain grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides L.K. Spreng. ‘Hameln)’ and pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana Schult. & Schult. f. Asch & Graebn. ‘Rosea’) treated with the low rate of Poast (sethoxydim) was similar to that of the nontreated plants in both years. Acclaim (fenoxaprop-ethyl) caused less injury to purple maiden grass (Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. ‘Purpurescens’) and maiden grass (M. sinensis Anderss ‘Gracillimus’) than Poast and Fusilade 2000 (fluazifop). Both Acclaim rates resulted in similar growth indices to that of nontreated plants. Flowering was reduced in three of the four grass species with all grass active herbicide treatments; the fourth species did not flower.

scholarly journals Small Divisions of Ornamental Grasses Produce the Best Growth Following Direct Potting

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1126-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Grass Production ◽  
Ornamental Grasses ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides ◽  
Bare Root

Potting of bare-root spring divisions is a simplified approach to ornamental grass production. Large and small divisions of eight common ornamental grasses were directly potted into 7-L nursery containers and grown outdoors for 20 weeks to determine an appropriate division size for each grass. Response to division size was dependent on the grass species. Large divisions of Calamagrostis ×cutiflora `Karl Foerster' (Schräd.) produced twice as many inflorescences as small divisions. At harvest, large divisions of Miscanthus oligostachyus `Purpurascens' (Stapf.) had twice as many inflorescences and 1.5 times as many tillers as small divisions. However, new tiller production in large divisions was only 50% of that in small division plants. Large divisions of Miscanthus sinensis (Anderss.) cultivars produced more tillers and greater fresh and dry weights than did small divisions, but again, the differences were not proportional to the size difference between the initial divisions. Large divisions of Panicum virgatum (L.) produced 50 more tillers per plant than did small divisions, but plant weight, size, and number of inflorescences were not affected by division size. Plants from large divisions of Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. were 7 cm shorter than small divisions and produced 24% more inflorescences and 27% more tillers, but appeared nutrient and/or water stressed. For most grasses, smaller division size is recommended for direct spring potting.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Native and Ornamental Grasses to Over-the-top Applications of Topramezone Herbicide

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 842-849
Author(s):  
S. Christopher Marble ◽  
Matthew T. Elmore ◽  
James T. Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Sorghastrum Nutans ◽  
Eastern Gamagrass ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides ◽  
Over The Top

Research was conducted to determine the tolerance of multiple native and ornamental grass species and one ornamental sedge species to over-the-top applications of the postemergence herbicide topramezone at three locations in the southeastern United States in 2016 and 2017. Fully rooted liners of selected grass species were outplanted into research plots in Apopka, FL; Dallas, TX; and Knoxville, TN in late spring, allowed time to establish (≈1–2 months) and then treated with two applications of topramezone at either 0.05 or 0.10 kg a.i./ha at 6–8 weeks intervals. Results showed that species including Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge), Schizachyrium scoparium ‘The Blues’ (little bluestem), Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass), and Tripsacum floridanum (florida gamagrass) exhibited the greatest tolerance to topramezone with <10% injury to no injury being evident after each application of both herbicide rates tested. Chasmanthium latifolium (wild oats), Eragrostis elliottii ‘Wind Dancer’, Muhlenbergia capillaris (pink muhly), and Spartina bakeri (sandcord grass) were significantly injured (50% injury or greater) at both herbicide rates. Average injury observed on Panicum virgatum ‘Shenandoah’ (red switchgrass) (ranging from 39% to 100% injury) and Sorghastrum nutans (indian grass) (ranging from 0% to 40% injury) was higher in Florida than in Tennessee (injury ranging from 23% to 43% on red switchgrass and 0% to 10% on indian grass). Similarly, Pennisetum alopecuroides (dwarf fountain grass) showed higher tolerance in Texas (ranging from 0% to 34% injury) compared with those observed in Tennessee (ranging from 0% to 53% injury). Topramezone injury to Carex appalachica (appalachian sedge) was ≤18% following two applications at both rates tested. Although no injury was observed in appalachian sedge following a single application up to 0.1 kg a.i. in Florida, plants succumbed to heat stress and accurate ratings could not be taken following the second application. Because of variability observed, tolerance of red switchgrass, indian grass, dwarf fountain grass, and appalachian sedge to applications of topramezone deserves further investigation. There is potential for future use of topramezone for control of certain grass and broadleaf weeds growing in and around certain ornamental grass species. However, as there was significant variability in tolerance based on species and differences in cultivars, testing a small group of plants before large-scale application would be recommended.

scholarly journals Ornamental Grasses Show Minimal Response to Cultural Inputs

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mack Thetford ◽  
Gary W. Knox ◽  
Edwin R. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Central Park ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides ◽  
Plot Design

Full sun trial gardens were established at two sites in northern Florida. Six U.S. native and three non-native warm season grass species were evaluated in a split-plot design. Only eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides), elliott's lovegrass (Eragrostis elliottii), gulf hairawn muhly (Muhlenbergia capillaris), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), and ‘Central Park' maiden grass (Miscanthus sinensis) showed a significant response to supplemental irrigation or fertilization. Supplemental irrigation did not influence foliage height for any of the grasses, whereas supplemental fertilization influenced foliage height only for chinese fountain grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides). The response differences between locations were attributed in part to soil types. This study observed minimal or no response of shoot growth to supplemental irrigation or fertilization for the grass species tested, thereby affirming the broad adaptability and minimal need for inputs for these ornamental landscape plants.

scholarly journals Effects of Repeated Applications of Roundup Pro® Over the Top of Container-Grown Nursery Crops

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-240
Author(s):  
Albert Van Hoogmoed ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Patricia R. Knight ◽  
Wheeler G. Foshee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Minor Injury ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Ilex Cornuta ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
July August September

Three experiments studying the effects of repeated over-the-top applications of Roundup Pro® to container-grown nursery crops were conducted. Plants in 3.8 liter (1 gal) containers were treated with either single or multiple applications of Roundup Pro® at 1.12 kg ai·ha−1 (1.0 lb ai·A−1) in July, August, September, or October, 2008 or 2009. Plants treated with multiple applications were treated in July and August (J+A); July, August, and September (J+A+S); July, August, September, and October (J+A+S+O); or July and September (J+S). Injury ratings were taken at multiple times after treatments. Growth indices (GI) [(height + width1 + width2) / 3] were taken in January and June 2009 and February and May 2010. Plants were rated for vigor and marketability in May 2009 or June 2010. Liriope muscari ‘Big Blue,’ Camellia sasanqua ‘Shishigashira,’ and Gardenia jasminoides ‘Radicans’ were evaluated in Experiment 1 (2008, Auburn). Liriope showed minor injury from two or more applications with reduced growth from 3 or 4 applications, but all plants were rated as marketable in June of the following season. ‘Shishigashira’ camellia exhibited no injury from any glyphosate application and all parameters were similar to non-treated controls (NTC). Gardenia showed fall chlorosis and stunting through early spring from multiple applications, but all plants were marketable. Even those treated 3 or 4 times were small but marketable. In Experiment 2 (2009, Auburn. AL), ‘Big Blue’ liriope, ‘Radicans’ gardenia, Camellia sasanqua ‘Martha Sims,’ and Juniperus conferta ‘Blue Pacific’ showed no injury from any treatment and GI in January and June were similar to NTC. Ilex cornuta ‘Dwarf Burfordi’ GI were similar to NTC with occasional chlorosis observed after July treatments. Ternstroemia gymnathera (cleyera) exhibited chlorosis, necrosis, and stunting of shoot tips for all treatments. Cleyera GI in January and June indicated that J+A+S, J+A+S+O, and J+S-treated plants were smaller than NTC, but regrowth was similar to NTC for all treatments the following spring. All plants were vigorous and marketable. In Experiment 3 (2009, Mobile, AL), ‘Big Blue’ liriope, ‘Radicans’ gardenia, ‘Blue Pacific’ juniper, ‘Martha Sims’ camellia, Ilex cornuta ‘Carissa,’ and cleyera GI were similar to NTC in February and late May. Slight injury occurred only on the new growth of cleyera and ‘Carissa’ holly with primary symptoms being chlorosis and/or slight stunting seen in mid-September and October from some single and double applications.

scholarly journals Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Control with Several Grass Species

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Ferrell ◽  
Thomas D. Whitson ◽  
David W. Koch ◽  
A. E. Gade
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Russian Wildrye

Studies were established near Devil's Tower in Crook County, WY, to determine the potential of 11 grass species to compete with leafy spurge as an alternative to repetitive herbicide treatments. Of the 11 species, ‘Bozoisky’ Russian wildrye and ‘Luna’ pubescent wheatgrass showed the most promise for successful competition with leafy spurge and were selected for further study. Pubescent wheatgrass limited percent canopy cover of leafy spurge to 10 and 15% or less in tilled and no-till plots, respectively, 7 and 10 yr after seeding. Russian wildrye limited percent canopy cover of leafy spurge to 21% or less in tilled and 7 and 27% in the no-till plots, respectively, 7 or 10 yr after seeding. The control plots not seeded to a forage grass averaged 55% leafy spurge canopy cover.

Weed Efficacy Evaluations for Bromoxynil, Glufosinate, Glyphosate, Pyrithiobac, and Sulfosate

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Corbett ◽  
Shawn D. Askew ◽  
Walter E. Thomas ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Prickly Sida

Thirteen field trials were conducted in 1999 and 2000 to evaluate postemergence (POST) weed control with single applications of bromoxynil at 420 or 560 g ai/ha, glufosinate at 291 or 409 g ai/ha, glyphosate at 1,120 g ai/ha, pyrithiobac at 36 or 72 g ai/ha, or sulfosate at 1,120 g ai/ha. Additional treatments evaluated included two applications with glufosinate at both rates in all possible combinations, two applications of glyphosate, and two applications of sulfosate. Weeds were 2 to 5 cm or 8 to 10 cm tall for annual grass and broadleaf weeds whereas yellow nutsedge and glyphosate-resistant corn were 8 to 10 cm tall. All herbicide treatments controlled 2- to 5-cm common cocklebur, Florida beggarweed, jimsonweed, ladysthumb smartweed, Pennsylvania smartweed, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, redroot pigweed, smooth pigweed, and velvetleaf at least 90%. All herbicide treatments except pyrithiobac at either rate controlled 2- to 5-cm common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and tall morningglory at least 90%; pyrithiobac at the lower rate was the only treatment that failed to control entireleaf and ivyleaf morningglory at least 90%. Bromoxynil and pyrithiobac at either rate controlled 2- to 5-cm sicklepod 33 to 68% whereas glufosinate, glyphosate, and sulfostate controlled ≥99%. Glyphosate and sulfosate applied once or twice controlled hemp sesbania less than 70% and volunteer peanut less than 80%. Bromoxynil and pyrithiobac were the least effective treatments for control of annual grass species and bromoxynil controlled Palmer amaranth less than 80%. Glufosinate controlled broadleaf signalgrass, fall panicum, giant foxtail, green foxtail, large crabgrass, yellow foxtail, seedling johnsongrass, Texas panicum, and glyphosate-resistant corn at least 90% but controlled goosegrass less than 60%. Glyphosate and sulfosate controlled all grass species except glyphosate-resistant corn at least 90%. In greenhouse research, goosegrass could be controlled with glufosinate POST plus a late POST-directed treatment of prometryn plus monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid.

Postemergence Weed Control in Acetolactate Synthase–Resistant Grain Sorghum

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shane Hennigh ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Mitchell R. Tuinstra
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Postemergence herbicides to control grass weeds in grain sorghum are limited. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) –inhibiting herbicides are very effective at controlling many grass species in many crops; unfortunately, use of ALS-inhibiting herbicides is not an option in conventional grain sorghum because of its susceptibility to these herbicides. With the development of ALS-resistant grain sorghum, several POST ALS-inhibiting herbicides can be used to control weeds in grain sorghum. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate the efficacy of tank mixtures of nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron applied alone or in combination with bromoxynil, carfentrazone–ethyl, halosulfuron + dicamba, prosulfuron, 2,4-D, or metsulfuron methyl + 2,4-D. In addition, these treatments were applied with and without atrazine. Nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron controlled barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and giant foxtail 99, 86, and 91% 6 wk after treatment (WAT), respectively. A decrease in annual grass control was observed when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron was tank mixed with some broadleaf herbicides, although the differences were not always significant. In addition, nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron controlled velvetleaf and ivyleaf moringglory 64 and 78% 6 WAT, respectively. Control of velvetleaf was improved when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron was tank mixed with all broadleaf herbicides included in this study with the exception of atrazine, bromoxynil, and prosulfuron + atrazine. Control of ivyleaf morningglory was improved when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron was tank mixed with all of the herbicides included in this study with the exception of metsulfuron methyl + 2,4-D. Weed populations and biomass were lower when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron were applied with various broadleaf herbicides than when it was applied alone. Grain sorghum yield was greater in all herbicide treatments than in the weedy check, with the highest grain yield from nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron + prosulfuron. This research showed that postemergence application of nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron effectively controls grass weeds, including barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and giant foxtail. The research also showed that velvetleaf and ivyleaf morningglory control was more effective when nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron were applied with other broadleaf herbicides.

scholarly journals Herbicide Combinations for Control of Prostrate Spurge in Container-Grown Landscape Plant

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter ◽  
Norman C. Glaze
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Juniperus Chinensis ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Effect On Growth

Abstract Studies were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to evaluate combinations of herbicides for control of prostrate spurge (Euphorbia humistrata Engelm. ex. Gray) in container-grown landscape plants. In 1989, the combination of Ronstar 2G [oxadiazon (2.24 kg/ha) (2.0 lb/A)] with Surflan 40 AS [oryzalin (2.24 kg/ha) (2.0 lb/A] or Barricade 65 WG [prodiamine (2.24 kg/ha) (2.0 lb/A)] resulted in 95% or better control of prostrate spurge. Combinations of Ronstar 2G [oxadiazon (2.24 kg/ha) (2.0 lb/A)] and Pennant 5G [metalochlor (4.48 kg/ha) (4.0 lb/A] or Rout 3G [oxyfluorfen (2.24 kg/ha) (2.0 lb/A) plus oryzalin (1.12 kg/ha) (1.0 lb/A)] controlled more than 80% of the weeds after 12 weeks in 1989. Some herbicide treatments containing oryzalin and pendimethalin reduced the root grade of Rhododendron cv. ‘Stewartsonian’ and Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri’ in 1990. Herbicide treatments in the 1990 study had no effect on growth parameters of Juniperus chinensis L. ‘Pfitzeriana Glauca’. Rout (oxyfluorfen plus oryzalin) was the only herbicide in the 1990 study which reduced the number of prostrate spurge plants per pot in all three landscape species after 10 weeks. Dry weight of prostrate spurge was reduced approximately 3.6 × when Rout was used on ‘Stewartsonian’ azalea. Improved prostrate spurge control due to certain herbicide combinations did not result in increased foliar growth indices of the species used in this study. Dinitroanaline herbicides should be tested further for crop phytotoxicity and potential prostrate spurge control.

scholarly journals THE USE OF NANO-SILVER FOR DISINFECTION OF Pennisetum alopecuroides PLANT MATERIAL FOR TISSUE CULTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Parzymies ◽  
Krystyna Pudelska ◽  
Monika Poniewozik
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Nano Silver ◽  
The Media ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides

Initiation of tissue culture of many plant species is a very difficult stage due to appearance of many contaminations. The other problem might be a choice of media for regeneration. Initiation of grass species tissue cultures are thought to be very difficult. Therefore, a research was undertaken to evaluate the use of nano-silver particles for plant material disinfection and to estimate a medium Pennisetum alopecuroides. The plant material were buds and nodal explants that were disinfected in 2% NaOCl for 30 min or 0.1% HgCl2 for 1 min. Half of the explants disinfected with NaOCl were soaked in 50, 100 or 250 mg·dm Ag–3 NPs for 1 hour. Explants not soaked in nano-silver were placed on media with Ag NPs at concentrations of 4, 8 or 16 mg·dm–3. An influence of growth regulators on Pennisetum alopecuroides was evaluated in vitro. Regenerated shoots were placed on MS media with: 3 mg·dm–3 BA + 0.3 mg·dm–3 IBA, 3 mg·dm–3 KIN + 0.3 mg·dm–3 IAA, 1 mg·dm–3 BA + 0.1 mg·dm–3 IBA. It was observed that the use of nano-silver particles lowered the level of contamination. The best results were obtained when Ag NPs was used at concentration of 100–250 mg·dm–3 alone or as a supplementation of the media, at concentration of 4 mg·dm–3 for nodes and 16 mg·dm–3 for adventitious buds. The use of nodal explants allowed to obtain less contamination. Regeneration depended on a media content. The most regenerated shoots were obtained on the MS media supplemented with 1 mg·dm–3 BA and 0.1 mg·dm–3 IBA.

scholarly journals TOLERANCE OF ORNAMENTAL GRASSES TO POSTEMERGENCE GRASS HERBICIDES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1104G-1104
Author(s):  
Joanna Hubbard ◽  
Ted Whitwell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Ornamental Grasses ◽  
Grass Weed

Ornamental grasses are popular landscape plants and often encounter turf encroachment or other grass weed problems. Several postemergence grass herbicides are available for use in turf and ornamentals and herbicide tolerance information is needed for ornamental grass species. Fifteen ornamental grasses including species from the genera Calamagrostis, Cortaderia, Eragrostis, Erianthus, Miscanthus, Sorghastrum, Spartina, Panicum and Pennisetum were field planted in Clemson, SC in May 1989 and Festuca species in November, 1989. Herbicide treatments were fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-P and sethoxydim at 0.4 kg a.i.·ha-1 applied 4 weeks after planting and an untreated control. Height and injury evaluations were taken at weekly intervals and plants were harvested 10 weeks after treatment. Fenoxaprop-ethyl treated Calamagrostis and Festuca species treated with all herbicides were the only treatments that were the same as untreated controls in terms of % injury, height and dry weight. Three ornamental Calamagrostis species were evaluated in a greenhouse study to determine the level of tolerance to fenoxaprop-ethyl at 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 kg a.i.·ha-1. No visual injury symptoms were seen on any treatments as compared to untreated controls but growth rates of the youngest leaves did vary among species shortly after treatment.

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