scholarly journals Performance of Turkey Litter Compost as a Slow-release Fertilizer in Containerized Plant Production

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen T. Kraus ◽  
Stuart L. Warren
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Grown Plant

An experiment was conducted to develop a protocol for using compost in nursery crop production. Five rates of inorganic fertilizer (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 g N) and two irrigation volumes (600 and 900 mL per 3.8-L container) were evaluated for their effects on Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. `Goldsturm' and Cotoneaster dammeri Schneid. `Skogholm' growth in a pine bark substrate amended with composted turkey litter (CTL). Additions of ≥2 g N per container for cotoneaster and ≥1.0 g N for rudbeckia were required to produce growth equivalent to that of plants in a control treatment that simulated typical production by a grower in the southeastern United States. Phosphorus, Ca, and Mg contents of cotoneaster and rudbeckia plants grown in CTL-amended substrates with no fertilizer added (0 g N) were similar to or greater than that of the control. Phosphorus concentrations in the substrate solutions were higher in all CTL-amended substrates than in the control regardless of fertilizer addition. This suggests that P released from CTL had a greater impact than P added with fertilizer. The greatest nutrient value of CTL may be as a P source and a replacement for dolomitic limestone and micronutrients in container-grown plant production.

An Undergraduate Student Project to Improve Mechanical Control of Perennial Nutsedges with a Peanut Digger in Organic Crop Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-867
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Thomas R. Way ◽  
David G. Beale
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Organic Crop Production

Yellow and purple nutsedge are common in the southeastern United States, and both perennial species are difficult to control in organic crop-production systems. Tubers are generally confined to the upper portions of the soil profile and are vulnerable to desiccation when brought to the soil surface. A peanut digger is a common implement found in the coastal plain region of the southeastern United States and has shown promise controlling perennial nutsedges in fallow sites. The peanut digger undercuts perennial nutsedges, deposits weeds on the soil surface, and exposes weeds to desiccation. However, rainfall after tillage with the peanut digger allows displaced nutsedges to survive. As part of a senior-level class project, undergraduate mechanical engineering students from Auburn University designed and constructed a cart attached to a peanut digger that collected nutsedges. Key features included a custom hitch that allowed the correct plane of movement and a hydraulic conveyor system that discarded the perennial nutsedges off-site, away from the field. The prototype was tested in a fallow location in the summer of 2014 with a yellow nutsedge infestation averaging 148 plants m−2. One week after the initial field test, tillage using the peanut digger with specialized cart reduced yellow nutsedge densities in the tilled area by > 99%.

scholarly journals Description of Clean Chip Residual Forest Harvest and Its Availability for Horticultural Uses in the Southeastern United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl R. Boyer ◽  
Thomas V. Gallagher ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
H. Allen Torbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Residual Material ◽  
Stand Height

Residual chipping material, also called clean chip residual (CCR), has potential use as a growth substrate in the nursery and greenhouse horticultural industries. A survey was conducted in the southeastern United States among companies conducting harvesting operations on pine (Pinus sp.) plantations for the production of pulpwood in the forest industry. Fourteen operators in four states (Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Florida) were visited to evaluate the on-site status of residual material. Sample analysis of CCR revealed that it was composed of ≈37.7% wood (range, 14.2% to 50.5%), 36.6% bark (range, 16.1% to 68.5%), 8.8% needles (range, 0.1% to 19.2%), and 16.9% indistinguishable (fine) particles (range, 7.5% to 31%). pH ranged from 4.3 to 5.5 for all locations and electrical conductivity (EC) averaged 0.24 mmho/cm. Most nutrients were in acceptable ranges for plant growth with the exception of three sites above recommended levels for iron and four sites for manganese. Survey participants estimated that ≈27.5% of the harvest site biomass was composed of CCR. Some harvesters were able to sell CCR as fuelwood to pulp mills, while others did not recover the residual material and left it on the forest floor (44.3% total site biomass). Operations in this survey included typical pine plantation chipping and grinding operations (harvesters), woodyards (lumber, fuelwood, etc.), and operations processing mixed material (salvage from trees damaged in hurricanes or mixed tree species cleared from a site that was not under management as a plantation). Residual material varied depending on the plantation age, species composition, site quality, and natural actions such as fire. Average tree age was 11.5 years (range, 8 to 15 years), while average tree stand height was 37.0 ft (range, 25 to 50 ft) and average diameter at breast height (DBH) was 5.9 inches (range, 4 to 7 inches). Residual material on site was either sold immediately (28.6%), left on site for 1 to 3 months (28.6%), left on site for up to 2 years (7.1%), or not collected/sold (35.7%). Several loggers were interested in making CCR available to horticultural industries. Adequate resources are available to horticultural industries, rendering the use of CCR in ornamental plant production a viable option.

scholarly journals The Effect of Varying Speed Release of Nutrients from Fertilizers on Growth-production Process of Turf

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-447
Author(s):  
Peter Hric ◽  
Ján Jančovič ◽  
Peter Kovár ◽  
Ľuboš Vozár
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this experiment was to compare the influence of fertilizers with different speed of nutrients release on growth–production indicators of turf under non–irrigated conditions. The experiment was carried in warm and dry conditions in area Nitra (Slovak Republic). In the experiment were followed 5 treatments (1. without fertilization, 2. Nitre with dolomite, Superphosphate, Potassium salt, 3. Turf fertilizer Travcerit®, 4. Slow release fertilizer SRF NPK 14–5–14 (+ 4CaO + 4MgO + 7S), 5. Controlled release fertilizer Duslocote® NPK (S) 13–9–18 (+6S)). The highest gain of height reached variant fertilized by fertilizer SRF NPK 14–5–14 (+ 4CaO + 4MgO + 7S). Comparison of the individual treatments for the whole period showed significantly lower average daily gains of height on control treatment compared to fertilizing treatments Nitre with dolomite, Superphosphate, Potassium salt, SRF NPK 14–5–14 (+ 4CaO + 4MgO + 7S) and Duslocote® NPK (S) 13–9–18 (+6S). During the reported period the highest gain of weight reached treatment by application fertilizer Duslocote® NPK (S) 13– 9–18 (+ 6S). Comparison of the individual treatments for the whole period, were found significantly lower average daily production of phytomass on control treatment in comparison with fertilization turfs by Travcerit® and Duslocote® NPK (S) 13–9–18 (+6S).

scholarly journals 486 PB 128 GROWTH OF ANNUAL SPECIES IN COCONUT COIR SUBSTRATES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 501a-501
Author(s):  
Michael R. Evans ◽  
Robert Stamps
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Coconut Coir

Helianthus annuus `Big Smile', Tagetes patula 'Bonanza Deep Orange' and Pelargonium × hortorum 'Pinto Rose' seedlings were transplanted into 12 cm (470 ml) pots containing substrates composed of 3 parts (v/v) vermiculite, 3 parts sand and 2 parts perlite. In addition, the substrates contained either 3 parts Florida peat, 3 parts coconut coir (coir), 6 parts coir or 12 parts coir, thus, resulting in 4 substrates. Dolomitic limestone, hydrated limestone, superphosphate, a microelement package and a 14-6.2-11.6 slow release fertilizer were added to the Florida peat-containing substrate. The same materials were added to the coir-containing substrates except that calcium sulfate (gypsum) was used in place of dolomitic and hydrated limestone. All materials were incorporated at rates required to obtain an initial pH of 5.5 to 5.8 and provide equal amounts of calcium, phosphorus and microelements. Data were taken 5 weeks after transplanting. Neither height, shoot fresh weights nor root fresh weights were significantly different between the substrates. Tagetes average heights were between 11.5 and 12.9 cm, while average shoot fresh weights were between 12.6 and 14.7 g and average root fresh weights were between 8.8 and 9.4 g. Helianthus average heights were between 18.4 and 19.9 cm, while average shoot fresh weights were between 29.7 and 31.9 g and average root fresh weights were between 19.6 and 22.3 g. Pelargonium average heights were between 11.9 and 13.4 cm, while average shoot fresh weights were between 13.8 and 15.3 g and average root fresh weights were between 3.4 and 3.7 g.

scholarly journals Dose and Concentration Responses of Common Nursery Weeds to Gallery, Surflan and Treflan

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Caren A. Judge ◽  
Joseph C. Neal ◽  
Jerome B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Relative Response ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Abstract Preemergence herbicides are applied as often as every eight to ten weeks in container nursery crop production in the southeastern United States. However, weeds often emerge before reapplication. Experiments were conducted to assess the minimum surface-applied doses and the in vitro concentrations of preemergence herbicides required to control susceptible weed species. Greenhouse and outdoor container experiments were conducted to determine surface-applied Treflan (trifluralin) doses required to control large crabgrass and perennial ryegrass. In the greenhouse, 0.8 to 1.1 kg ai/ha (0.7 to 1.0 lb ai/A) was necessary for 6 weeks control. Outdoors, 1.5 to 1.9 kg ai/ha (1.3 to 1.7 lb ai/A) was needed for control 3 weeks after treatment (WAT). However, 6 WAT, 2.6 to 3.4 kg ai/ha (2.3 to 3.0 lb ai/A) was required. Petri dish experiments were conducted to determine the aqueous concentrations of Gallery (isoxaben), Surflan (oryzalin), and Treflan required to control common nursery weeds including eclipta, hairy bittercress, large crabgrass and spotted spurge. The concentration required for 80% shoot inhibition (I80) ranged from 0.4 to 1.5 μg ai/mL for Gallery, 1.2 to 9.8 μg ai/mL for Surflan and 1.1 to 73.8 μg ai/mL for Treflan. The relative response of weeds to aqueous concentrations was consistent with reports from outdoor container efficacy trials.

scholarly journals Stratification of yerba mate seeds in a commercial nursery and the emergence monitoring

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
Mara Cíntia Winhelmann ◽  
Julia Gastmann ◽  
Leo Jaime de Vargas ◽  
Jader Vivian Zeni ◽  
Elisete Maria de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy

Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. is a native species in Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Propagation is carried out by seeds that have a low germination rate and morphophysiological dormancy. In order to increase the germination percentage, stratification treatments and emergence monitoring were tested. For this, yerba mate seeds were subjected to stratification treatments: Treatment 1 - seeds between two sand layers; Treatment 2 - seeds between two sand layers and commercial substrate covered with corn straw; Treatment 3 - seeds between two sand layers with the addition of 4.0 g "L" ^"-1"  of slow-release fertilizer (16-8-12 - 6 months); Treatment 4 - seeds between two sand layers covered with corn straw; and a control treatment - seeds without stratification. The stratification period for all treatments was 180 days, and at 120, 150, and 180 days, 100 seeds were removed per repetition from each treatment for emergence tests, with weekly observation for 180-days in a completely randomized design. After that period, the tetrazolium test was performed with the seeds that did not emerge. At 120-days of stratification there was no emergence and at 150-days it was 0.83%. At 180-days, treatment 3 showed the highest percentage - 13.19%. Seeds without stratification do not germinate and after 180-days of emergence the amount of non-viable seeds increased in all treatments. Stratification in sand with slow-release fertilizer favors the emergence of yerba mate seedlings.

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