The Effect of Varying Speed Release of Nutrients from Fertilizers on Growth-production Process of Turf

The aim of this experiment was to compare the influence of fertilizers with different speed of nutrients release on growth–production indicators of turf under non–irrigated conditions. The experiment was carried in warm and dry conditions in area Nitra (Slovak Republic). In the experiment were followed 5 treatments (1. without fertilization, 2. Nitre with dolomite, Superphosphate, Potassium salt, 3. Turf fertilizer Travcerit®, 4. Slow release fertilizer SRF NPK 14–5–14 (+ 4CaO + 4MgO + 7S), 5. Controlled release fertilizer Duslocote® NPK (S) 13–9–18 (+6S)). The highest gain of height reached variant fertilized by fertilizer SRF NPK 14–5–14 (+ 4CaO + 4MgO + 7S). Comparison of the individual treatments for the whole period showed significantly lower average daily gains of height on control treatment compared to fertilizing treatments Nitre with dolomite, Superphosphate, Potassium salt, SRF NPK 14–5–14 (+ 4CaO + 4MgO + 7S) and Duslocote® NPK (S) 13–9–18 (+6S). During the reported period the highest gain of weight reached treatment by application fertilizer Duslocote® NPK (S) 13– 9–18 (+ 6S). Comparison of the individual treatments for the whole period, were found significantly lower average daily production of phytomass on control treatment in comparison with fertilization turfs by Travcerit® and Duslocote® NPK (S) 13–9–18 (+6S).

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Influence of fertilization application and growing substrate on container-grown woody ornamentals

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4394-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 448-457

Author(s):

F. Šrámek ◽

M. Dubský

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Woody Plant ◽

Slow Release ◽

Thuja Occidentalis ◽

Woody Ornamentals ◽

Slow Release Fertilizer ◽

Liquid Feeding ◽

Wood Fibres ◽

Pyracantha Coccinea ◽

Additional Nitrogen

Five fertilization systems and seven types of growing substrates were tested with two woody plant species with different nutritional demands (Thuja occidentalis, Pyracantha coccinea) grown in two-litre containers. The experiment was repeated in two vegetative seasons. Application of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) was proved the most reliable; it gave good or at least average results in dependence on used growing substrates. Significant differences between application of CRF and other fertilization systems were with Pyracantha plants. System using slow release fertilizer with additional nitrogen fertilizing also showed good results. Systems based only on liquid feeding were less reliable, with some substrates they showed very good results; with others (peat substrate, peat bark substrates with wood components) they were bad. Similar results were achieved with top dressing of granulated fertilizer. Evaluating the substrates good results were obtained by using mixtures of peat with components with higher content of nutrients – peat bark substrates, peat bark substrates with compost and non-peat mixtures of composted bark, wood fibres and compost. Significant differences between these types of substrates and peat one or peat bark substrate with wood components were both with Thuja plants and especially with Pyracantha plants, which have higher demand for nutrients. The experiments showed that peat based substrates amended with alternative components or non-peat substrates can bring better results than the peat ones.

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Performance of Turkey Litter Compost as a Slow-release Fertilizer in Containerized Plant Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.1.19 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 19-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Helen T. Kraus ◽

Stuart L. Warren

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Crop Production ◽

Slow Release ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Plant Production ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Dolomitic Limestone ◽

Slow Release Fertilizer ◽

Nutrient Value ◽

Grown Plant

An experiment was conducted to develop a protocol for using compost in nursery crop production. Five rates of inorganic fertilizer (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 g N) and two irrigation volumes (600 and 900 mL per 3.8-L container) were evaluated for their effects on Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. `Goldsturm' and Cotoneaster dammeri Schneid. `Skogholm' growth in a pine bark substrate amended with composted turkey litter (CTL). Additions of ≥2 g N per container for cotoneaster and ≥1.0 g N for rudbeckia were required to produce growth equivalent to that of plants in a control treatment that simulated typical production by a grower in the southeastern United States. Phosphorus, Ca, and Mg contents of cotoneaster and rudbeckia plants grown in CTL-amended substrates with no fertilizer added (0 g N) were similar to or greater than that of the control. Phosphorus concentrations in the substrate solutions were higher in all CTL-amended substrates than in the control regardless of fertilizer addition. This suggests that P released from CTL had a greater impact than P added with fertilizer. The greatest nutrient value of CTL may be as a P source and a replacement for dolomitic limestone and micronutrients in container-grown plant production.

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Using molasses as an alternative to controlled release devices for administering n-alkane markers to cattle

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800058690 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 471-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. E. Hendricksen ◽

C. Gazzola ◽

M. M. Reich ◽

R. F. Roberton ◽

D. J. Reid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Block Design ◽

Extended Period ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Delivery Methods ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Release Device ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

The Individual ◽

Release Devices

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to determine if molasses could be successfully used to administer dotriacontane (C32) and hexatriacontane (C36) n-alkane markers to steers and to compare this method with a commercially available intra-ruminal controlled release device (CRD). The experiment was conducted over two similar periods (runs) using 24 Brahman crossbred steers in each run to study the effect of marker delivery methods and tropical grass hay diets in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. All steers were housed individually in partially covered pens, received one of two buffel-grass hays (B20: 20-week regrowth; 0·72 g nitrogen (N) per 100 g and B8: 8-week regrowth; 1·11 g N per 100 g) and one of four marker delivery treatments (control: no marker; 200 mg/day of C32 and C36 n-alkanes from a CRD or offered three times (Ms ✕ 3) or five times (Ms ✕ 5) a day in molasses). Voluntary intake (VI) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) for diets differed (P < 0·001) with B8 greater than B20. There was no difference among marker treatments for VI but the control treatment had greater, unexplained and possibly spurious, DMD than the Ms ✕ 3 marker treatment. Although the recovery of n-alkanes was variable (0·84 to 1·05) adjacent odd- and even-chain n-alkanes were similar with no differences (P > 0·05) due to marker treatment or diet. The CRD supplied a consistent marker dose between 6 and 18 days after insertion. Deviation from the 24-h mean faecal concentration seldom varied more than 0·03 for the individual markers and 0·05 for C31/C32 and C33/C32 ratios for all treatments. Over all the n-alkanes studied, the between-day variation was less than the within-day variation. For instance, the average of subsamples taken at 06:00 h and 18:00 h was within proportionately 0·05 of the 10-day mean concentration for 0·38 and 0·25 of records for C32 and C36 markers, respectively. It was concluded that molasses containing C32 and C36 n-alkane markers and given either three or five times daily was as accurate as the commercial CRD in administering n-alkane markers to steers and provides a method of delivering n-alkanes over an extended period in grazing studies.

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Changes in growth-production parameters of Lolium perenne L. turf after application of concentrated polysulfide fertilizer

Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica ◽

10.15414/afz.2020.23.03.155-160 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 155-160

Author(s):

Peter Kovár ◽

Luboš Vozár ◽

Peter Hric

Keyword(s):

Slovak Republic ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Daily Production ◽

Aboveground Phytomass ◽

Production Parameters ◽

Growth Production ◽

Daily Gain

The changes in growth rate, daily production of above-ground phytomass and lawn density of turfgrass after application of fertilizer based on polysulfide (Sulka NKS+) were evaluated in Nitra (the Slovak Republic) climatic conditions. The polysulfide preparation was applied 2-times, 4-times and 6-times during the vegetation period in 2015–2017 and the effect was compared with a zero control. Stimulatory effect of Sulka NKS+ was shown in the average daily gain of grass height and average daily gain of aboveground phytomass weight with the most visible expression in the 2nd and 3rd year of cultivation. For the thickening lawn index was found out inhibitory effect of polysulfide fertilizer. The average values of the first two characteristics (average daily gains of grass height and weight of above-ground phytomass) have also increased with the increasing number of Sulka NKS+applications.

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Sulfur-Modified Coated Slow-Release Fertilizer Based on Castor Oil: Synthesis and a Controlled-Release Model

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ◽

10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c06056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (49) ◽

pp. 18044-18053

Author(s):

Xiaohan Zhao ◽

Xin Qi ◽

Qianlin Chen ◽

Xianquan Ao ◽

Yu Guo

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Slow Release ◽

Slow Release Fertilizer ◽

Oil Synthesis ◽

Release Model

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Effect of Temperature on the Behavior of Slow Release Fertilizer from ENR-50/RH/Urea Composites

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1021.308 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1021 ◽

pp. 308-316

Author(s):

Marwa N Al-Samarrai ◽

Rosniza Hamzah

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Slow Release ◽

Coating Material ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

The Third ◽

Slow Release Fertilizer ◽

Urea Release ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Release Method ◽

Fast Release

Generally, chemical fertilizer is considered as a one of the most significant materials for increasing food production. However, the fast release of the conventional fertilizer could effect negatively on the plants. Thus, the idea of using controlled release method in the agriculture application has emerged recently due to the efficiency of fertilizers can be improved by the controlled-release method. The objective of this work is to synthesize a new Slow Release Fertilizer from three different materials; the first one is urea, which is the conventional fertilizer, the second one is the rice husk (RH), which represents the carrier material, and the third one is epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50), which represents the coating material. This work was divided into three series. The first series is the production of RH/Urea beads. RH was treated with alkaline NaOH at 1wt.% according to the weight of RH. The treated RH was then mixed with urea that produced treated RH/urea beads. In the second series, 200 mg of ENR-50 was applied to produce thicknes of coating material for treated RH/urea beads. In the third series, treated RH/urea beads coated with 200 mg of ENR-50 were subjected to the released behavior at different temperature in the water. After that, the prepared samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy. Results suggested that the increasing of temperature has increased the rate of urea release of SRF samples in the water. Furthermore, the SRF sample at 35, 45, and 55 °C showed shorter time of release at 40, 34, and 17 day as compared to 47 day of SRF at room temperature.

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Stratification of yerba mate seeds in a commercial nursery and the emergence monitoring

Scientia Agraria Paranaensis ◽

10.18188/sap.v20i2.27211 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 180-185

Author(s):

Mara Cíntia Winhelmann ◽

Julia Gastmann ◽

Leo Jaime de Vargas ◽

Jader Vivian Zeni ◽

Elisete Maria de Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Slow Release ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Ilex Paraguariensis ◽

Yerba Mate ◽

Corn Straw ◽

Slow Release Fertilizer ◽

Morphophysiological Dormancy

Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. is a native species in Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Propagation is carried out by seeds that have a low germination rate and morphophysiological dormancy. In order to increase the germination percentage, stratification treatments and emergence monitoring were tested. For this, yerba mate seeds were subjected to stratification treatments: Treatment 1 - seeds between two sand layers; Treatment 2 - seeds between two sand layers and commercial substrate covered with corn straw; Treatment 3 - seeds between two sand layers with the addition of 4.0 g "L" ^"-1" of slow-release fertilizer (16-8-12 - 6 months); Treatment 4 - seeds between two sand layers covered with corn straw; and a control treatment - seeds without stratification. The stratification period for all treatments was 180 days, and at 120, 150, and 180 days, 100 seeds were removed per repetition from each treatment for emergence tests, with weekly observation for 180-days in a completely randomized design. After that period, the tetrazolium test was performed with the seeds that did not emerge. At 120-days of stratification there was no emergence and at 150-days it was 0.83%. At 180-days, treatment 3 showed the highest percentage - 13.19%. Seeds without stratification do not germinate and after 180-days of emergence the amount of non-viable seeds increased in all treatments. Stratification in sand with slow-release fertilizer favors the emergence of yerba mate seedlings.

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Territorial Distribution of Alcohol and Drug Addictions Mortality Concerning Regional Disparities in the Slovak Republic from Year 1996 to Year 2015

10.35198/01-2019-003-0005 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Regional Disparities ◽

Point Of View ◽

Extreme Position ◽

Data Set ◽

Female Sex ◽

Male Sex ◽

The Individual ◽

High Level

BACKGROUND: This paper deals with territorial distribution of the alcohol and drug addictions mortality at a level of the districts of the Slovak Republic. AIM: The aim of the paper is to explore the relations within the administrative territorial division of the Slovak Republic, that is, between the individual districts and hence, to reveal possibly hidden relation in alcohol and drug mortality. METHODS: The analysis is divided and executed into the two fragments – one belongs to the female sex, the other one belongs to the male sex. The standardised mortality rate is computed according to a sequence of the mathematical relations. The Euclidean distance is employed to compute the similarity within each pair of a whole data set. The cluster analysis examines is performed. The clusters are created by means of the mutual distances of the districts. The data is collected from the database of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for all the districts of the Slovak Republic. The covered time span begins in the year 1996 and ends in the year 2015. RESULTS: The most substantial point is that the Slovak Republic possesses the regional disparities in a field of mortality expressed by the standardised mortality rate computed particularly for the diagnoses assigned to the alcohol and drug addictions at a considerably high level. However, the female sex and the male sex have the different outcome. The Bratislava III District keeps absolutely the most extreme position. It forms an own cluster for the both sexes too. The Topoľčany District bears a similar extreme position from a point of view of the male sex. All the Bratislava districts keep their mutual notable dissimilarity. Contrariwise, evaluation of a development of the regional disparities among the districts looks like notably heterogeneously. CONCLUSIONS: There are considerable regional discrepancies throughout the districts of the Slovak Republic. Hence, it is necessary to create a common platform how to proceed with the solution of this issue.

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