scholarly journals 305 Effects of Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Its Diurnal Changes in Nutrient Feedings on Fruit Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato Grown in Rockwool

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 444C-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuming Hao ◽  
Athanasios P. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Fruit Cracking

Poor tomato fruit quality in summer time (soft fruit, cracking, and russetting) is a major greenhouse production problem in North America. To improve tomato quality and yield, especially under summer conditions, four EC treatments were applied to a tomato crop grown in rockwool in summer and fall of 1999 at the Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Harrow, Ont., Canada. The four fertigation solution EC treatments were 1) constant low EC at 2.54 mS·cm-1, 2) constant high EC at 3.82 mS·cm-1, 3) diurnal EC variation (1 to 5 mS·cm-1) with a 24-h average of 2.54 mS·cm-1 and 4) diurnal EC variation (1 to 7 mS·cm-1) with a 24-h average of 3.82 mS·cm-1. For diurnal EC variation, the plants were fed with low EC in the morning and around noon, and high EC in the afternoon and night. High EC (3.82 mS·cm-1, constant or 24-h average for diurnal variation) treatments, in comparison to the recommended EC (2.54 mS·cm-1) treatments, improved tomato fruit quality by reducing fruit cracking, and increasing percentage of grade #1 fruit, fruit firmness, soluble solid and dry-matter content. However, the constant high EC treatment resulted in smaller fruit size and lower yield. Diurnal EC variation with a high EC average (24-h average: 3.82 mS·cm-1) did not reduce fruit size and yield, and reduced fruit russetting. Therefore, a diurnal fertigation EC variation strategy-supplying low EC solution in the morning and noon and high EC solution in the afternoon and night, with an overall 24-h average of 3.82 mS·cm-1, may be used to improve tomato fruit quality.

EFFECT OF TWO GREENHOUSE COVERS ON GROWTH, DRY MATTER CONTENT AND TOMATO FRUIT QUALITY

2005 ◽  
pp. 481-486
Author(s):  
L. Jarquin-Enriquez ◽  
E. Mercado-Silva ◽  
E. Castaño-Tostado
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content

scholarly journals Model-based Control of Nutrient Solution Concentration Influences Tomato Growth and Fruit Quality

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 778-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Schwarz ◽  
H.-P. Kläring ◽  
K.T. Ingram ◽  
Y.-C. Hung
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Root Characteristics

Diurnal changes in microclimate in a greenhouse are often greater than changes in daily averages over weeks or months. Thus, one may hypothesize that changing the nutrient solution concentration supplied to plants at intervals less than one day would improve tomato yield and quality. To test this hypothesis research was conducted to compare four nutrient control strategies for their effects on plant growth, fruit yield, fruit quality, and root characteristics of `Counter' tomato [Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill.]. The four strategies were 1) ECvariable, adjustment of nutrient solution electrical conductivity (EC) at 15-min intervals according to greenhouse microclimate over the previous 15-min and empirical models of photosynthesis and transpiration; 2) ECdaily, daily adjustment of nutrient solution EC based on each morning's 24-hour weather forecast; 3) EC3.7, supply of a single high nutrient solution of 3.7 dS·m-1; or 4) EC1.5, low nutrient solution EC of 1.5 dS·m-1 for the entire growth period. Mean effluent EC levels were 1.8 dS·m-1 for treatment EC1.5, 5.1 dS·m-1 for treatment EC3.7, 3.6 dS·m-1 for treatment ECdaily, and 3.4 dS·m-1 for treatment ECvariable. Except for fresh weight (FW) of roots, growth characteristics did not differ significantly among treatments. Total production averaged 12.2 kg·m-2 FW and 1.0 kg·m-2 dry weight (DW); and fruit yield averaged 6.7 kg·m-2. Dry matter content, yield loss to blossom-end rot, and firmness responded linearly to treatment EC. In general, ECdaily yielded higher fruit quality and ECvariable lower fruit quality than that predicted by linear regression. Although our strategy of short-term dynamic changes of nutrient solution EC according to changes in climate variables did not increase yield, daily adjustment of nutrient solution EC improved external fruit quality characteristics and may be practical for grower adoption.

scholarly journals 304 Effects of Calcium and Magnesium on Growth, Fruit Yield, and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato Grown in Rockwool

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 444B-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuming Hao ◽  
Athanasios P. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
High Calcium

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Trust was grown in rockwool in summer and fall 1999 and 8 calcium/magnesium nutrient treatments, formed by two levels of calcium (Ca: 150 and 300 ppm) and four levels of magnesium (Mg: 20, 50, 80, and 110 ppm), were applied to investigate the effects on growth, fruit yield and quality. High calcium (300 ppm) increased overall fruit yield and size, reduced incidence of blossom-end rot and fruit cracking. However, high calcium also reduced the dry-matter content, soluble solid content and firmness of tomato fruit, and increased fruit russetting. Magnesium did not affect early growth or fruit production. However, 2 months after applying the treatments, the plants grown under 20 ppm Mg started to show Mg-deficient symptoms (leaf chlorosis), and Mg-deficient leaves lost more than 50% of their photosynthetic capability. The Mg concentration required for achieving high yield of firm fruit with high soluble solids and dry-matter content increased as the plant aged; i.e, 50 ppm in early stage of fruit production and 80 ppm in later stage of fruit production. At the end of experiment, the plants grown with 80 ppm of Mg also had the best root systems. Therefore, for both better yield and quality, a concentration of 300/50-80 ppm Ca/Mg may be recommended. Mg concentration may be started at 50 ppm and gradually be increased to 80 ppm in the later stage of fruit production.

Tomato fruit quality in relation to growing season, harvest period, ripening stage and postharvest storage

2020 ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Kasampalis ◽  
Pavlos Tsouvaltzis ◽  
Anastasios Siomos
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Postharvest Storage ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Relative Contribution

The effect of two growing seasons (spring and fall), two harvest periods (early and late), four fruit ripening stages at harvest (S1, S2, S3 and S4, according to OECD gauge) and postharvest storage (0 or 16 days at 12 °C) on quality characteristics of tomato fruits was determined in order to investigate its one’s relative contribution. According to the results, all factors significantly affected most of the quality components, but not at the same magnitude. Ripening stage at harvest had the most significant effect in firmness, pH, and in the ratio soluble solids to TA, the growing season only in dry matter content, the storage on pigments’ content (chlorophyll, total carotenoids, lycopene and β-carotene) while the harvesting period was not the main factor in any of the quality traits determined. In conclusion, either the ripening stage at harvest or the time elapsed until consumption had the most significant effect on tomato fruit quality, but both could not be assessed at the time of consumption.

scholarly journals Tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco var. unshiu Tan.) selection for fruit quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
R. V. Kulyan ◽  
Yu. S. Abil’fazova ◽  
O. O. Belous
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Quality Traits

Citrus horticulture in Russia is confined to the humid subtropical conditions of the Black Sea coast of Krasnodar Region, with tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco var. unshiu Tan.) as a major market crop. The past decade has witnessed a steady increase in the production and consumption of fresh, easy-peeled tangerines. The bulk of existing evidence on the citrus fruit quality traits is built on research on oranges and grapefruits as main market crops, and relatively little is known on the unique qualities of tangerine. The article discusses the key quality traits of tangerine, including the fruit mass, size, colour, flavour and major biochemical quality indices. We justify the importance of breeding tangerine, specify the crop model and identify priorities, including the biochemical fruit improvement. The study involved 12 elite tangerine forms obtained by distant hybridisation at the Subtropical Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The new promising forms received a brief pomological description and qualitative assessment. The preliminarily selected large-fruit and high-yield forms are 2-2-1, 99-2, 99-4 and 99-8. Specimen with a higher sugar content (>9 %): 99-2, 99-4, 99-8; higher ascorbate content (>75 mg/100): 97-3, 98-1, 98-2, 98-9; dry matter content: 2-2, 99-2, 99-4, 98-8, 2-1; balanced sugar-acid ratio: 2-1, 99-2, 99-4, 99-8 (sugar-acid index 9.8-10.3). The elite forms obtained by directed breeding are of equal or superior fruit quality to the zoned “Kowano-Wase” cultivar. These forms are competitive on today’s fruit market and promising for further breeding work towards improved fruit quality.

scholarly journals Deficit Irrigation as a Tool to Optimize Fruit Quality in Abbé Fetél Pear

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141
Author(s):  
Melissa Venturi ◽  
Luigi Manfrini ◽  
Giulio Demetrio Perulli ◽  
Alexandra Boini ◽  
Kushtrim Bresilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchanges

Climate change is leading to higher plant water requirements and rootstock can play a role in tree adaptation, since the more vigorous ones are also likely to be more stress resistant. Pear trees of the cv. Abbé Fetél grafted on BA29 (more vigorous) and SYDO (more dwarfing) quince were irrigated according to three different treatments: 110 C, 80 DI and 60 DI, corresponding to 110%, 80% and 60% of the crop evapotranspiration rate (ETc), respectively. Shoot and fruit growth, water potentials, leaf gas exchanges and dry matter content were monitored during the season. Fruit quality was evaluated at harvest and after 6 months of storage at 1 °C. Results show how for both rootstocks, 60 DI significantly decreased their stem (Ψstem) and leaf (Ψleaf) water potentials as well as leaf gas exchanges. In SYDO, final fruit size was affected by irrigation, with lower values on 60 DI, but in BA29, no differences were found between treatments. After storage, BA29 60 DI fruit showed a higher soluble solid content, while in SYDO fruit, firmness was more affected by irrigation level. In conclusion, despite a slight decrease in fruit size, reduced irrigation led to fruit with higher quality features that were also maintained after a long period of storage.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen supply on specific yield and fruit quality of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Racskó ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
Z. Soltész ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
P. T. Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Apple Cultivars

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nitrogen supply on yield and fruit quality of apple cultivars and to explore the relationships between canopy density and the different fruit quality parameters. The experiments were carried out at Kálmánháza, in Eastern Hungary in a private orchard in 2003-2004. The response of four apple cultivars ('Elstar', 'Gala Prince', 'Granny Smith', 'Idared') to different nitrogen dosages was studied. The assessed and calculated indices were: yield, fruit diameter, fruit height, shape index, fruit mass, firmness, dry matter content and colouration. The results indicated that nitrogen fertilization has a significant effect on the yield and fruit quality of apple cultivars. The calculated specific yield values were reduced by the application of nitrogen via the increase in the volume of the canopy. An opposit trend was observed for fruit diameter, fruit height and fruit weight, which increased with increasing nitrogen supply. The reduced shape index caused flattening of fruits. However, the improvement of fruit quality via increasing nitrogen dosage is only virtual, since these dosages increase the fruit size, but firmness, dry matter content and colouration are diminished, which decreases the value of the fruits on the market. The authors also studied the relationships between canopy density responsible for assimilation and light supply of the fruits and the different fruit quality parameters. The closest linear inversely proportional relationship was found in the case of colouration. There was a negative linear relationship between canopy density and firmness or dry matter content. The relationship between canopy density and fruit mass could be described by a quadratic polinomial function.

scholarly journals Quality aspects of pepino dulce fruits in distinct ripening stages, packaging forms and storage conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neide Botrel ◽  
Raphael Augusto de Castro e Melo
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Quality Aspects

Abstract Pepino dulce (Solanum muricatum Aiton) or Pepino has been growing to produce edible, juicy and attractive fruits. The imported fruits and national small scale of Pepino dulce production are currently stored and commercialized under the absence of postharvest handling recommendations. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the quality aspects of Pepino dulce fruits in distinct ripening stages, forms of packaging and conditions of storage. The trial was conducted in a 2x2x2 factorial scheme - 2 ripening stages (ripe and immature) x 2 forms of packaging (with and without wrapping in plastic film) x 2 conditions of storage (room: 25 °C ± 2 ºC and 57% ± 5% of relative humidity (RH); cold: under refrigeration 10 °C ± 2 °C and 85% ± 5% of RH) – in a complete randomized block design. Fruit quality attributes, such as vitamin C, chemical and phenolic content, fruit color (mesocarp), firmness, dry matter content, total titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids and pH, were evaluated. Fruits showed a centesimal composition with low calories and a significant content of potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg), which can contribute to the daily supply of these elements. For commercialization purposes, the association of packaging (plastic wrapping film) and refrigerated storage (cold: 10 °C ± 2 °C and 85% ± 5% of RH) to maintain the characteristics of fruit quality after a 15 days period is more important than its individual use.

scholarly journals The Effect of Magnetic Water for Chemical Fertilizer in Tomato Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 958-961
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Water System ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Magnetized Water ◽  
Magnetic Water

The research aims to find ways to minimize the use of quantities of chemical fertilizers in agriculture in order to get to an environment that is free of contaminants. Magnetized water technology used in the experience of planting seeds of tomatoes Thomson type to obtain a higher efficiency to absorb fertilizer NRK in the protected environment of the period from February to June. Magnetized water system used locally made levels Gaues (4800,2500,1500) concentrations of 50 to 100% for each level and the rate of (4) replicates, and results indicated that the severity of the magnet (4800 Gaues) and a concentration of 50% gave the highest percentage of tomato fruit size and intensity ( 1500 Gaues) and a concentration of 100% did not give any increase in the proportion of tomatoes or fruit size, but did not give three levels increase in the amount of tomato crop.

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