scholarly journals 573 Enhancing Red Color Development Without Over-ripening Apples by AVG (Aminoethoxyvinylglycine) Followed by Ethephon Treatment

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 495A-495
Author(s):  
Zhenyong Wang ◽  
David R. Dilley
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Life Evaluation ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
And Control

AVG applied alone to `Gala' and `Jonagold' apples delayed maturity and the onset of the ethylene climacteric and delayed red color development. AVG followed by ethephon delayed maturity and the onset of the ethylene climacteric, but promoted red color development of both cultivars. Ethephon applied alone advanced maturity, ethylene production, ripening, and red color development compared to AVG alone. In other studies, the ripening-related effects of these treatments were reflected in the storability of fruit in CA storage. AVG - and AVG + ethephon-treated fruit were still at preclimacteric ethylene levels after 6 months in CA storage, with excellent retention of flesh firmness and shelf-life, while ethephon and control fruits had significantly higher ethylene levels and softened more during storage and shelf-life evaluation. Collectively, our results indicate that an ethephon application following AVG treatment may be useful to overcome the delay of red color development of apples treated with AVG only and that this can be achieved without overly stimulating fruit ripening. Thus, a once-over harvest of `Gala' and `Jonagold' apples may be achieved with a significant reduction in harvest costs. We attribute the promotion of red color development of apples receiving AVG treatment with a follow-up application of ethephon to the action of ethylene temporally-released from ethephon stimulating the development of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, while AVG inhibits the development of the endogenous ethylene climacteric. Inhibiting endogenous ethylene production delays fruit from producing their own ethylene. We attribute maturation uniformity to the action of AVG allowing the less mature fruits to gain maturity while slowing maturity development of the more mature fruits. Improved storability of AVG + ethephon-treated fruit is attributed to the same ethylene-related phenomena.

scholarly journals 534 1-Methylcyclopropene Extends Shelf Life of Tomato at All Stages of Maturity

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 538A-538
Author(s):  
Nazir A. Mir ◽  
Najma Khan ◽  
Randolf M. Beaudry
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Application Potential

The effects of 1-MCP on ripening and shelf life in fruit of five classes of maturity (1, mature green; 2, turning; 3, half-ripe; 4, ripe; and 5, over-ripe) of `Plum' tomato (Lycopersicon × esculentum, Mill) at 22 °C were evaluated. 1-Methylcylopropene (1-MCP) reduced the rate of red color development in fruit of all maturity classes. However, the effect was more discernable in fruit with higher hue angle value. Single application of 1-MCP delayed the color development by 10 days. While a second application of 1-MCP at day 10 delayed color development by another 10 days for mature green tomatoes, it did not influence the color change in all other classes of maturity. The effects of 1-MCP on firmness loss were similar to color development. Compared to the control, 1-MCP reduced the ripening-related rate of respiration by approximately 40%. Contrary to this, ethylene production was not affected by 1-MCP application. Potential exists to use 1-MCP in tomato to reduce ethylene-associated changes in texture and color.

scholarly journals Aminoethoxyvinylglycine, Combined with Ethephon, Can Enhance Red Color Development without Over-ripening Apples

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyong Wang ◽  
David R. Dilley
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Life Evaluation ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Subsequent Application

AVG, as ReTain™, an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, was used alone or with a subsequent application of ethephon (Ethrel™), an ethylene-releasing chemical, to determine if red color development could be enhanced without over-ripening `Gala' and `Jonagold' apples. Treatments included: 1) AVG alone; 2) AVG followed by ethephon; 3) ethephon alone; and 4) control. Silwet L-77 surfactant was included in all treatments. Application of AVG delayed the onset of the ethylene climacteric and red color development of both cultivars. Application of AVG followed by ethephon similarly delayed the onset of the ethylene climacteric, but red color development at the commercial harvest date was only marginally reduced or not affected. The results were similar in both 1998 and 1999, although environmental stress during the growing seasons differed (1998—heat; 1999—moderate temperatures). The delay of fruit maturation and ripening observed at harvest following AVG +/- ethephon treatments improved storability of fruit in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage, as demonstrated by low internal ethylene levels after storage, and high retention of flesh firmness and shelf-life, while control fruit and those treated only with ethephon entered the ethylene climacteric during storage, and flesh firmness subsequently declined during shelf-life evaluation. Chemical name used: aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG).

scholarly journals 371 Enhancing Anthocyanin Production and Maturity Uniformity of Apples Without Over-ripening

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 507E-508
Author(s):  
Zhenyong Wang ◽  
David R. Dilley
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Red Color ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Anthocyanin Production

Multiple harvests are often necessary to achieve maximum yield of well-colored high-quality apples. This is true for most cultivars, and particularly for `Gala'. Multiple harvests add significantly to the cost of producing apples. We tested our hypotheses that anthocyanin production of ReTain™-treated apples may be enhanced by ethephon without overly stimulating other ripening processes and ReTain™ may promote uniform maturation of apples within and between trees by delaying maturation and ripening processes. Experiments were conducted with `Gala', `Empire', and `Jonagold' apples at the MSU CHES in 1997 and 1998 employing the rootstock/training systems research plot. Treatments were 1) ReTain™ (50g/ac.) applied 3 to 4 weeks before harvest, 2) ReTain™ followed by ethephon (3/4 pt/ac.) applied 1 to 2 weeks before harvest, 3) ethephon, and 4) control (Silwet® L-77 surfactant only). ReTain™ applied alone delayed the onset of the ethylene climacteric and red color development of `Gala' apples. ReTain™ followed by ethephon delayed the onset of the ethylene climacteric and red color development at the commercial harvest date was not significantly affected. Similar results were obtained with the `Empire' and `Jonagold'. Results with ReTain™ and ReTain™ + ethephon in 1998 on `Gala', `Empire', and `Jonagold' apples were more profound than in 1997; we attribute this to less environmental stress on the trees, which were well-irrigated in 1998. The ripening-related effects of treatments were reflected in the storability of fruit 1997 in air and particularly during CA storage where the action of ethylene in ripening can be attenuated. ReTain™ - and ReTain™ + ethephon-treated fruit were still at preclimacteric ethylene levels after 6 months in CA with excellent retention of flesh firmness and shelf-life, while ethephon and control fruit had higher ethylene levels and softened more during storage and shelf-life evaluation.

scholarly journals Photoselective Protective Netting Improves “Honeycrisp” Fruit Quality

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1708
Author(s):  
Sara Serra ◽  
Stefano Borghi ◽  
Giverson Mupambi ◽  
Hector Camargo-Alvarez ◽  
Desmond Layne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
And Control

High temperatures, wind, and excessive sunlight can negatively impact yield and fruit quality in semi-arid apple production regions. Netting was originally designed for hail protection, but it can modify the light spectrum and affect fruit quality. Here, pearl, blue, and red photoselective netting (≈20% shading factor) was installed in 2015 over a commercial “Cameron Select® Honeycrisp” orchard. Our research objectives were to (1) describe the light quantity and quality under the colored nets compared to an uncovered control and (2) investigate the effect of Photoselective nets on “Honeycrisp” apple quality for two growing seasons. Light transmittance and scattering for each treatment were measured with a spectroradiometer, and samples for fruit quality analyses were collected at harvest. PAR (photosynthetic active radiation), UV, blue, red, and far-red light were lower underneath all netting treatments compared to an uncovered control. The scattered light was higher under the pearl net compared to other colors, while red and far-red light were lower under the blue net. For two consecutive years, trees grown under the photoselective nets intercepted more incoming light than the uncovered trees with no differences among the three colors. In both years, trees under red and blue nets had more sunburn-free (clean) apples than pearl and control. Red color development for fruit was lower when nets were used. Interestingly, bitter pit incidence was lower underneath red nets for both years. Other than red color development, “Honeycrisp” fruit quality was not appreciably affected by the use of netting. These results highlight the beneficial effect of nets in improving light quality in orchards and mitigating physiological disorders such as bitter pit in “Honeycrisp” apple.

scholarly journals Alternatives to increase the red color of the peel in ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristhian Leonardo Fenili ◽  
José Luiz Petri ◽  
Cristiano André Steffens ◽  
Mariuccia Schlichting de Martin ◽  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Apple Peels ◽  
Red Coloration

Abstract This study aimed evaluate the effect of biostimulants, foliar fertilizers and ethephon on the red color in the peel of ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples. The experiments were conducted in Caçador/SC, during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons. In 2015/2016, the treatments were: Control; Biostimulant I; Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II; Biostimulant II and KCl. In 2016/2017, was included the Ethephon treatment. In 2016/2017, Biostimulant I, Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II and Biostimulant II increased the percentage of ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples with greater red peel cover, without affecting the quality and maturity of the fruits. In both cultivars, ethephon was treatment that promoted a higher percentage of apples in the category above 80% of red color. Ethephon increased red color intensity of ‘Daiane’ and ‘Venice’ apples, anthocyanin content, starch index, ethylene production and yellowing of background color of the fruits. The red coloration of ‘Venice’ apple peels is enhanced with ethephon, Biostimulant I and Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II and Daiane apples with ethephon, Foliar fertilizer I + Foliar fertilizer II and Biostimulant II.

Timing of postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene treatment affects Bartlett pear quality after storage

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer DeEll ◽  
Behrouz Ehsani-Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Fruit Softening ◽  
Treatment Timing ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Yellow Color

DeEll, J. R. and Ehsani-Moghaddam, B. 2011. Timing of postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene treatment affects Bartlett pear quality after storage. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 853–858. This study investigated the effects of postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment timing on the ripening and physiological disorders of Bartlett pears during cold storage and subsequent shelf-life. Pears were held for 1, 3 or 7 d at 3°C after harvest and then treated with 0.3 µL L−1 1-MCP for 24 h at 3°C. Fruit quality attributes were evaluated after 4 mo of cold storage at 0.5°C, plus 1 to 11 d at 22°C. All 1-MCP treatments reduced ethylene production, as well as delayed fruit softening and yellow color development. However, the most substantial benefit of 1-MCP observed was the marked reduction in disorders, especially senescent scald and internal breakdown. The results suggest that 1-MCP treatment 3 d after harvest provided the best balance of reduced disorder development during storage and the ability of Bartlett pears to soften adequately thereafter. Fruit treated with 1-MCP at 1 d after harvest did not soften as much as those treated 3 or 7 d after harvest, while treatment after 7 d provided less control of disorders than treatment after 1 or 3 d.

scholarly journals Smart Fresh™ in Combination with Film Coatings Reduces Sugar Spots and Extends “Yellow Life” of Bananas

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1144E-1145
Author(s):  
Jorge Siller-Cepeda ◽  
Manuel Baez-Sañudo ◽  
Rosalba Contreras-Martinez ◽  
Laura Contreras-Angulo ◽  
Rosabel Velez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Film Coatings ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Reduce Sugar ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
And Control

Banana fruits `Cavendish' type were obtained from a warehouse at color green stage. At arrival, fruits were taken out of boxes, dipped into a thiabendazole solution for 5 minutes, dried at room temperature and separated into three lots. One lot was sprayed with Fresh Seal™ (FS) at 3 °Brix, a second lot was treated with Semper Fresh™ (SF) at 1.2%, and the third was left as a control. After that, all fruits were packed again inside the plastic bags within the original carton boxes. Film-coated and control fruits were ethylene treated for 24 hours at 150 ppm, and vented for 24 hours until they reached color 3 (more green than yellow). After that, film-coated and control fruit boxes were collected inside 238-L airtight containers to apply Smartfresh™ (SMF) treatments at 0 and 300 ppb for 12 hours at 22 °C, complementing six different treatments. Later, fruits were stored at 22 °C and 80% to 90% relative humidity for 5 days to follow up changes. Quality evaluations were registered every day, including weight loss, firmness, color, CO2, ethylene, pH, titratable acidity, °Brix, and sugar spots. SF alone and the combinations SF + SMF and FS + SMF reduced weight loss as compared with the other treatments. SMF alone or in combination with FS or SF maintained higher firmness and delayed yellow color development as compared with the other treatments. Combinations of SF or FS with SMF delayed and reduced the incidence of sugar spots as compared with control fruits. Chemical characteristics were not significantly affected by the treatments, but SF + SMF had higher acidity and a lower pH. All treatments reached between 20 and 21 °Brix after 5 days. The data show that combined treatments of SMF and film coatings reduce sugar spot incidence, improving appearance and extending yellow life of fruits.

scholarly journals 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for Extending Postharvest Quality of Chinese Winter Jujube

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 816A-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Shen* ◽  
Jiping Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Jujube Fruit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Chinese Winter Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) is a kind of new fresh consumed jujube fruit with high quality originated in China, but its postharvest shelf-life is short at room temperature (often 7 days). A study was conducted to determine the effect on 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on changes in ethylene production, respiration rate, firmness, electrolyte leakage and vitamin C. Chinese Winter Jujube fruits harvested at half-red stage, were randomized into rigid, vented containers (0.5 m3; n = 5), treated with 1 μL·L-1 for 12h at room temperature (20 ± 2 °C), then stored at 20 °C. Fruits treated with 1-MCP had significant lower ethylene production, it showed 21% lower (0.128 μL·kg-1 per hour) at 8th day. Respiration rate had no significant difference between treated and control during the 12d storage. Firmness of treated fruits was from 15.4% to 26.3% higher than that of control, while the electrolyte leakage was from 12.2% to 27.4% lower than that of control. The content of vitamin C by 1-MCP treatment was 11.2% higher than control at the last day of storage (368 mg/100 g). The results indicated that 1-MCP had positive results on maintaining postharvest shelf-life of half-red stage of Chinese Winter Jujube fruit.

scholarly journals Iron, Iodine and Selenium Effects on Quality, Shelf Life and Microbial Activity of Cherry Tomatoes

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Z. ISLAM ◽  
Mahmuda A. MELE ◽  
Jun P. BAEK ◽  
Ho-Min KANG
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Selenium Treatment ◽  
Assess Quality ◽  
Cherry Tomatoes

Tomatoes have high nutritional and economical value and its deterioration start after harvest. They need proper treatments to increase and maintain quality as well as shelf life. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of iron, iodine and selenium on quality, shelf life and microbial activity of cherry tomatoes. Iron (1 mg/L), iodine (1 mg/L) and selenium (1 mg/L) were supplied with nutrient solution for five weeks prior to harvest. Then, cherry tomatoes were stored at  5 °C to assess quality, shelf life and microbial activity. The highest Ca content (p < 0.05) revealed in selenium-treated cherry tomatoes. Lower respiration and ethylene production were showed in selenium-treated cherry tomatoes both harvest time and after storage compared with iron and iodine treatments. At harvest time and after storage, the respiration were 1.29 (p < 0.05) and 0.62 mL/kg/hr (p < 0.01), respectively in selenium-treated cherry tomatoes. Moreover at harvest time and after storage in selenium-treated cherry tomatoes, the ethylene production was 2.11 and 0.87 μL/kg/hr (p < 0.01), respectively. The lowest fresh weight loss, the longest shelf life (p < 0.01), the least fungal incidence rate and microbial activities were found in selenium-treated cherry tomatoes. The longest shelf life of selenium-treated cherry tomatoeswas 22 days. Selenium-treated cherry tomatoes’ firmness increased (16.82N) at harvest time (p < 0.05) and it was significantly retained (12.70N) after storage (p < 0.01). Color development and lycopene content were more suppressed by selenium treatment after storage than iron and iodine treatments. Titratable acidity, vitamin C and soluble solids increased in selenium-treated cherry tomatoes after storage. Based on results, selenium-treated cherry tomatoes have significant potential to increase and maintain quality and shelf life.

scholarly journals ASPECTS OF ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY IN TOMATO FRUITS DURING THE RIPENING PROCESS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 651d-651
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Terai ◽  
Hironobu Tsuchida ◽  
Masashi Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Green fruits of normal ripening type of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) were picked 13-39 days after anthesis and stored at 20°C. Although more days were required for the ripening of the fruits if the stage of picking was earlier, all fruits became red and soft during storage. This result shows that considerably immature fruits have the ability of ripening. Green tomato fruits at three stages (18. 29 and 38 days after anthesis) were treated with ethylene for one day. The activity of ethylene forming enzyme (EFE) and the conversion of applied 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to N-malonyl-ACC (MACC) in the three stages of tomato fruits were accelerated by exogenous ethylene, though endogenous ethylene production was hardly observed. When the green tomato fruits (31-34 days after anthesis) were treated with ethylene for one day and then transferred to air. the activity of EFE and the conversion of applied ACC to MACC were depressed. The activity of ACC synthase was not accelerated by ethylene treatment of only one day, but was accelerated by a longer term treatment, followed by increased ethylene production and the onset of ripening.

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