scholarly journals Genetic Differences and Environmental Variations in Calyx-end Fruit Cracking among Japanese Persimmon Cultivars and Selections

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Yamada ◽  
Akihiko Sato ◽  
Yasuo Ukai
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Japanese Persimmon ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
The Mean

Environmental variance components were estimated for calyx-end fruit cracking in pollination-constant and nonastringent cultivars and selections of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). The cracking value of a tree in a cultivar or selection (genotype) (X) was evaluated as the number of fruit that cracked divided by the total number (25) of fruit evaluated from each tree. Because the mean value of X was correlated with the variance of X, analyses of variance were performed using its square root value. The variance associated with genotyp× year interaction was the largest of environmental variance components. The variances associated among years and among trees within genotypes were very small. The mean percentage of cracked fruit in evaluation for 10 years was 3% for `Fuyu', 11% for `Matsumotowase-Fuyu', and 12% for `Izu'. On the basis of the environmental variance components obtained, it is proposed that all offspring genotypes exhibiting a phenotypic cracking incidence of less than 20% and 11% should be selected in single-year and three-year evaluations, respectively, when those genotypes are evaluated using 25 fruits from a single tree, in order to successfully select all genotypes with an genotypic incidence of less than 3%.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Fruit Ripening Time in Japanese Persimmon

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 886-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Yamada ◽  
Hiroyasu Yamane ◽  
Yastio Ukai
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Japanese Persimmon ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Ripening Time ◽  
Coefficient Of Regression ◽  
Fruit Ripening Time

Three individuals in progeny from each of 39 crosses and their parents in Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) were evaluated for fruit ripening time. Analysis of variance for the progeny, which estimated between- and within-cross variance, and the regression of the mean value in a full-sib family on the mid-parental value (MP) revealed that the genetic differences among crosses could be explained solely by MP. Genotypic values of individuals in progeny from a cross were assumed to be normally distributed around the regression line with within-cross genetic variance. Based on the parental mean performance of 3.5 fruit on a single tree for three years, the coefficient of regression of mean values in a full-sib family on MP was 0.99 ± 0.10, and the proportion of individuals in progeny having genotypic values ripening earlier than early October was estimated as 52%, 24%, and 7% for three sets of mid-parents differing in their ripening time, i.e., early, middle, and late October, respectively. On the basis of the parental mean performance in 10 fruit on a single tree without yearly repetition, the regression coefficient was estimated as 0.91 and the proportion was estimated as 44%, 20%, and 6% for the three sets of mid-parents, respectively.

Reduced conformal geometrodynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 2040023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej B. Arbuzov ◽  
Alexander E. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Tangent Space ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Hamiltonian Reduction ◽  
Square Root ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Static Background

The global time in geometrodynamics is defined in a covariant under diffeomorphisms form. An arbitrary static background metric is taken in the tangent space. The global intrinsic time is identified with the mean value of the logarithm of the square root of the ratio of the metric determinants. The procedures of the Hamiltonian reduction and deparametrization of dynamical systems are implemented. The reduced Hamiltonian equations of motion of gravitational field in semi-geodesic coordinate system are written.

Estimation of direct additive and maternal additive genetic effects for weaning weight in Mashona cattle of Zimbabwe using an individual animal model

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Khombe ◽  
J. F. Hayes ◽  
R. I. Cue ◽  
K. M. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Derivative Free ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Future Revision ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

AbstractWeaning weights (or weight nearest to 205 days of age) from 8086 Mashona calves were collected from seven herds covering the period 1976 to 1988. Estimates of (co)variance components were obtained by restricted maximum likelihood using a derivative free algorithm and fitting an individual animal model. Estimates of direct additive heritability, maternal additive heritability, their correlation, total heritability and repeatability, obtained under two models were 0·243 and 0·281, 0·113 and 0·392, –0·282 and –0·269, 0·252 and 0·298, and 0·409 and 0·573, respectively. Trends within herd were estimated from the mean value of progeny born within a particular year. There were no significant trends in direct additive breeding values. A general decline in maternal breeding values was observed. Only one herd (herd 1) had a significant eroiyonmeYital freni (0·385 kg/year). It IMS emphftsilfiti that any future revision of the method used to improve the weaning weights of beef cattle should also improve their maternal breeding values.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Japanese Persimmon Fruit Weight

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1298-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yamada ◽  
H. Yamane ◽  
Y. Ukai
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Japanese Persimmon ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Persimmon Fruit ◽  
Expected Proportion

The expected proportion of individuals in progeny having genotypic values for fruit weight over a given selection criterion to the total individuals derived from a cross was estimated by multiple-regression analysis in which inbreeding coefficient (F) and midparental (MP) value were independent variables and progeny mean was the dependent variable in Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). A total of 117 seedlings from 39 crosses was used. Genetic differences of progenies among crosses could be explained solely by F and MP, the effect of the former being greater than the latter. The expected proportion of progenies with large fruit decreased as MP decreased and severely decreased as F increased. Based on the parental mean of 35 fruit on a single tree for 3 years, the proportion of individuals in progeny with fruit weight >200 g was estimated as 34%, 21%, and 12% for 0, 0.125, and 0.25 F values, respectively, in individual from a cross with MP = 200 g.

scholarly journals Early Field Performance of Micropropagated Japanese Persimmon Trees

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Tetsumura ◽  
Hisajiro Yukinaga ◽  
Ryutaro Tao
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Japanese Persimmon ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Outdoor Nursery

Growth of micropropagated Japanese persimmon trees (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Nishimurawase) during the initial 3 years after field establishment was compared with that of grafted trees on seedling stocks. Judging from the mean length of annual shoots per tree and the yearly increases in height, trunk diameter, and top and root dry mass, the grafted trees on seedling stocks grew poorly during the first and second growing seasons, while micropropagated trees, raised in an outdoor nursery, developed poorly only during the first growing season. In contrast, micropropagated trees raised in pots fared well soon after field establishment. These trees had more fine than middle and large roots; in contrast, grafted trees on seedling stocks had one large taproot, which died back to some extent after field establishment, with few fine roots.

The investigations of pulsar integral radio luminosities

1996 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 59-60
Author(s):  
Igor’ F. Malov ◽  
Oleg I. Malov ◽  
Valerij M. Malofeev
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Pulsar Period ◽  
Light Cylinder ◽  
Curvature Radiation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Integral Radio

We have calculated accurate integral radio luminositiesLfor 232 pulsars (Malov et al., 1994) using new average spectra of these objects. Histogram ofL-distribution is characterized by the mean value < logL>= 28.45 and by the mean-square-root deviationS= 1.0. We have analysed also data for short-periodic pulsars (P < 0.1 s) and long-periodic ones (P > 1 s) separately.The main goal of such separation was to test the hypothesis on two types of pulsars (Malov, 1987): i) for the first group of objects radiation is emitted from the neighbourhood of the light cylinder (r=rLC=cP/2π, P is the pulsar period), ii) for the second one emission is generated at distancesr≪rLC. In the second case the main mechanism of radiation is curvature radiation. For the first group of pulsars the radiation is connected with the cyclotron mechanism. The difference between two basic mechanisms and the locations of the emission generation regions must cause some differences in the observable features for these two classes of pulsars.

scholarly journals Time–Energy and Time–Entropy Uncertainty Relations in Nonequilibrium Quantum Thermodynamics under Steepest-Entropy-Ascent Nonlinear Master Equations

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Paolo Beretta
Keyword(s):  
Master Equation ◽  
Uncertainty Relation ◽  
Hamiltonian Dynamics ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Uncertainty Relations ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Quantum Thermodynamics ◽  
Uncertainty Distribution ◽  
Unitary Evolution ◽  
The Mean

In the domain of nondissipative unitary Hamiltonian dynamics, the well-known Mandelstam–Tamm–Messiah time–energy uncertainty relation τ F Δ H ≥ ℏ / 2 provides a general lower bound to the characteristic time τ F = Δ F / | d ⟨ F ⟩ / d t | with which the mean value of a generic quantum observable F can change with respect to the width Δ F of its uncertainty distribution (square root of F fluctuations). A useful practical consequence is that in unitary dynamics the states with longer lifetimes are those with smaller energy uncertainty Δ H (square root of energy fluctuations). Here we show that when unitary evolution is complemented with a steepest-entropy-ascent model of dissipation, the resulting nonlinear master equation entails that these lower bounds get modified and depend also on the entropy uncertainty Δ S (square root of entropy fluctuations). For example, we obtain the time–energy-and–time–entropy uncertainty relation ( 2 τ F Δ H / ℏ ) 2 + ( τ F Δ S / k B τ ) 2 ≥ 1 where τ is a characteristic dissipation time functional that for each given state defines the strength of the nonunitary, steepest-entropy-ascent part of the assumed master equation. For purely dissipative dynamics this reduces to the time–entropy uncertainty relation τ F Δ S ≥ k B τ , meaning that the nonequilibrium dissipative states with longer lifetime are those with smaller entropy uncertainty Δ S .

scholarly journals Genetic Differences and Environmental Variations in Carotenoid Contents of Fruit Flesh in Parental Population Used in Citrus Breeding in Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Nonaka ◽  
Masayuki Kita ◽  
Yoshinori Ikoma ◽  
Hiroshi Fukamachi ◽  
Atsushi Imai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Parental Population ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Fruit Flesh ◽  
Citrus Breeding ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Group ◽  
Β Carotene

To aid the breeding of citrus (Citrus sp.) for high carotenoid content, we assayed the fruit flesh of 48 cultivars and selections within a parental population consisting of both old and new cultivars and selections at two locations in Japan. The mean total carotenoid (CAR) content across all 48 cultivars and selections over the two locations was 26.59 μg·g−1 fresh weight (FW). The most prominent carotenoid was β-cryptoxanthin [BCR (12.09 μg·g−1 FW)] followed by violaxanthin [VIO (8.04 μg·g−1 FW)], ζ-carotene (2.27 μg·g−1 FW), phytoene (1.86 μg·g−1 FW), and β-carotene (0.96 μg·g−1 FW). Broad-sense heritabilities of CAR, BCR, and VIO were 0.80 or greater based on a sample of five fruit on one tree per location in one time sampling for 1 year in a location, which were revealed to be large enough for gauging the genetic variation. The mean CAR and BCR contents in a cultivar and selection group in advanced generations were nearly the same as in the initial population, suggesting no or little selection pressure on carotenoid content in the citrus breeding so far. High carotenoid contents in cultivars and selections released or selected recently, which have high fruit qualities, suggest their high potential for combining high fruit quality and high carotenoid content in breeding. We showed that the critical phenotypic value used in selecting hybrid seedlings can be determined from the estimate of environmental variance.

scholarly journals Heritability of Leucostoma persoonii Canker Resistance among Diverse Peach Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loong S. Chang ◽  
Amy Iezzoni ◽  
Gerald Adams
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Necrotic Tissue ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Environmental Variations

Heritability and the genetic and environmental variance components of resistance to the canker-causing pathogen Leucostoma persoorrii were estimated in a population of diverse peach (Prunus persica L.)-genotypes. Disease resistance was measured as the length of necrotic tissue, i.e., canker length, following artificial inoculation in the field. Genetic and environmental variations were partitioned as variance components of the linear statistical model. Heritability was estimated by regressing average performance of seedlings on performance of their maternal parent. The genetic variance was highly significant, and the heritability for canker necrotic length was relatively high (0.72), suggesting that it should be possible to select L. persoonii -resistant individuals within the population.

scholarly journals Restricted mean value theorems and the metric theory of restricted Weyl sums

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhao Chen ◽  
Igor E Shparlinski
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Value Theorem ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Line Segments ◽  
Exceptional Sets ◽  
Natural Measure ◽  
Measure Spaces ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

Abstract We study the behaviour of Weyl sums on a subset ${\mathcal X}\subseteq [0,1)^d$ with a natural measure µ on ${\mathcal X}$. For certain measure spaces $({\mathcal X}, \mu),$ we obtain non-trivial bounds for the mean values of the Weyl sums, and for µ-almost all points of ${\mathcal X}$ the Weyl sums satisfy the square root cancellation law. Moreover, we characterize the size of the exceptional sets in terms of Hausdorff dimension. Finally, we derive variants of the Vinogradov mean value theorem averaging over measure spaces $({\mathcal X}, \mu)$. We obtain general results, which we refine for some special spaces ${\mathcal X}$ such as spheres, moment curves and line segments.

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