Eradication of Common Liverwort from a Soilless Growing Medium

Common liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha L.) is an increasingly troublesome weed in containerized plant production. Postemergence applications were made to try to eradicate established stands of liverwort. Treatments consisted of sprays of quinoclamine at 1× and 2× rates and oxadiazon at the highest label rate, broadcast applications of sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate at 1x and 3x rates and four granular herbicides (flumioxazin, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin, and prodiamine) applied at label rates. The granular herbicides were applied both alone and with the sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate treatments. Herbicides were applied to common liverwort growing on an 80% aged pine bark: 20% Sphagnum peat-based soilless growing medium contained in 10-cm diameter plastic pots located in a double-poly covered greenhouse. At 2 weeks after treatment (WAT), control was best (93% to 100%) for both quinoclamine and the 3× peroxyhydrate treatments, intermediate (68% to 83%) for the 1× peroxyhydrate treatments, and not significant for any of the preemergence herbicides used alone. At 4 WAT, slight regrowth was evident in plots in which the treatments had an initial effect and the 1x peroxyhydrate + flumioxazin was as effective as the 3× peroxyhydrate and the 2× quinoclamine treatments. At 6 WAT, control was excellent in the 3× peroxyhydrate and 1× peroxyhydrate + flumioxazin treatments. Control was less, but still evident, in the quinoclamine and other 1× peroxyhydrate treated plots. While none of the treatments had completely eradicated common liverwort in all replications at 10 WAT, control was still excellent to good in many of the peroxyhydrate + preemergence herbicide-treated plots.

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Pendimethalin Movement Through Pine Bark Compared to Field Soil

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-06-186.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 873-876 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lori Duis Simmons ◽

Jeffrey F. Derr

Keyword(s):

Ornamental Plants ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Field Soil ◽

Void Space ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Inhibit Root Growth ◽

Annual Weeds ◽

Preemergence Herbicides

Preemergence herbicides are commonly applied to nursery containers for control of annual weeds in the production of ornamental plants. Pine bark is a popular container growing medium because it is inexpensive, drains well, is easy to transport, and supports acceptable nursery crop growth. However, little is understood about leaching of herbicides through pine bark. The downward movement of these herbicides through container media may inhibit root growth in sensitive nursery crops and also reduce herbicidal efficacy. Four experiments were conducted at two different irrigation volumes to evaluate depth of pendimethalin movement in packed columns of pine bark and field soil. After 17.5 cm of water was applied over 7 d, pendimethalin moved downward into the 6 to 9-cm depth in 100% pine bark, whereas no movement was detected below the 0 to 3-cm depth in a Tetotum loam soil, as determined by a large crabgrass bioassay. Doubling the irrigation volume to 35 cm of water applied over 14 d did not significantly increase pendimethalin movement in pine bark or field soil. However, it did decrease pendimethalin persistence in the top 0 to 3-cm depth in pine bark. The pine bark had a higher cation exchange capacity than did the field soil. However, the physical characteristics of pine bark, a large volume of void space and low bulk density, resulted in higher hydraulic conductivity rates than in field soil. These factors may be the principal reasons that pendimethalin leached to a greater extent through pine bark than the field soil.

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Effect of Water Quality on Growth and Fertilization of Bedding Plants

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.655a ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 655a-655

Author(s):

Jeff S. Kuehny ◽

Blanca Morales ◽

Patricia Branch

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Crop Production ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Plant Production ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Bedding Plants ◽

Growing Medium

Irrigation water quality is an important factor in ornamental plant production; however, there is little information in this area. Saline (NaCl) and alkaline (NaHCO3) water have been shown to cause general chlorosis, tip burn, and defoliation of plants. The growing medium used in crop production may be an important factor when irrigating with saline and alkaline water. Our objectives were to determine the effects of increasing concentrations of NaCl: CaCl2 and NaHCO3 in irrigation water on growth and development of spring and fall bedding plants grown in peat, peat/pine bark, and pine bark media. Plant dry weight, height, and width were significantly lower at 300 and 400 ppm NaCl: CaCl2 and NaHCO3 levels. Early visible symptoms were necrosis of leaf tips, some leaf discoloration and finally plant death in the NaCl: CaCl2 experiment. The leaves of plants in the NaHCO3 experiment became water soaked and chlorotic, and some leaf abscission occurred. The best plant growth in the NaHCO3 experiment occurred in peat and the best plant growth in the NaCl: CaCl2 experiment occurred in pine bark. Decreased uptake of K+, Ca++, and Mg++ occurred when high levels of sodium were present.

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The Use of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate to Treat Off-Flavor in Commercial Catfish Ponds

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1992.0067 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 315-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. F. Martin

Keyword(s):

Water Column ◽

Sodium Carbonate ◽

Algal Species ◽

The Other ◽

Average Depth ◽

Oscillatoria Chalybea ◽

Catfish Ponds ◽

Pond Ecology ◽

Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate

Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate (SCP) was applied to seven commercial catfish ponds in Mississippi to study the effects of treatment on fish flavor and pond ecology. The seven ponds were treated on alternate days in the morning with two doses of SCP at 55 kg hectare−1 (average depth 1-1.6 m). In three of the ponds, a potent 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) producing planktonic Oscillatoria chalybea-like species that was initially present was absent from the water column after treatment. In addition, the fish from two of these ponds were judged on-flavor 7 to 10 days after treatment. The off-flavor chemicals in three other ponds were diminished when measured seven days after treatment and fish were harvested from two of these ponds 10-14 days after treatment. The fish from the other two ponds were harvested 21 days after treatment. In the sixth pond, the predominant algal species was a 2-methylisoborneol producing O. chalybea-like species at 380 cells ml−1 and the treatment was ineffective. The treatment was most successful when off-flavor was less than two months duration and where application of the chemical was accomplished uniformly over the entire pond surface.

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Evaluation of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate as a Potential Catfish Egg Disinfectant

Journal of Aquatic Animal Health ◽

10.1577/h08-058.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 117-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Brian C. Small

Keyword(s):

Sodium Carbonate ◽

Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate

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Postemergence Liverwort Control in Container-Grown Nursery Crops

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-24.4.230 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 230-236

Author(s):

Adam Newby ◽

James E. Altland ◽

Charles H. Gilliam ◽

Glenn Wehtje

Keyword(s):

Sodium Carbonate ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Substrate Surface ◽

Growth Control ◽

Nursery Crops ◽

Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate

Abstract Four experiments were conducted in Aurora, OR, and Auburn, AL, to evaluate effectiveness of herbicides for postemergence liverwort control. A sprayable herbicide, quinoclamine (Gentry 25-WP), was applied at rates between 1.8 and 7.6 kg ai/ha (1.6 and 6.8 lb ai/A), with or without a surfactant, and in spray volumes of 1019 or 2037 liters/ha (109 or 218 gal/A). Across all experiments, postemergence liverwort control was good (>90%) at the lowest rate when liverwort infestation was light (liverwort covered ≤25% of the substrate surface with no sporocarps). When liverwort infestation was high (liverwort covered ≥60% of the substrate surface with some sporocarps present), or in conditions favorable to liverwort growth, control improved by using higher rates or including a surfactant. At the highest labeled rate (7.6 kg ai/ha (6.8 lb ai/A)), postemergence liverwort control up to 14 days after applications was 96 to 100% across all four experiments. Long-term liverwort control through 42 to 56 days after application varied depending on the location and time year, with control decreasing as environmental conditions allowed for increased liverwort vigor. Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate (TerraCyte) provided poor to moderate control, and was largely dependent on liverwort vigor. Flumioxazin (BroadStar) provided unacceptable postemergence control across all experiments.

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Applicability of Artificial Light Source and Newly Developed Growing Medium for Lettuce Cultivation in a Closed-type Plant Production System

Protected horticulture and Plant Factory ◽

10.12791/ksbec.2019.28.2.134 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 134-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hye Ri Lee ◽

Hye Min Kim ◽

Hyeon Min Kim ◽

Sang Hyun Park ◽

Seung Jae Hwang

Keyword(s):

Light Source ◽

Production System ◽

Plant Production ◽

Artificial Light ◽

Artificial Light Source ◽

Closed Type ◽

Growing Medium

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Leaching Characteristics of P From Four Fertilizer Sources in a Container Nursery Growing Medium

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.794d ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 794D-794

Author(s):

Janet C. Cole ◽

John M. Dole

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Ammonium Phosphate ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Phosphorus Leaching ◽

Triple Superphosphate ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Leaching Characteristics ◽

P Fertilizers

A 3 pine bark: 1 peatmoss: 1 sand (by volume) medium was amended with 7.7 g P as superphosphate, triple superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, or controlled-release ammonium phosphate per 1000 g medium (3.8 liters). The medium was then leached with 250, 350, or 450 ml distilled, deionized water daily for 25 days. Phosphorus leaching curves were then generated for each fertilizer. A subsequent study determined the effect of these four P fertilizers on growth of marigold seedlings in the greenhouse. Superphosphate, triple superphosphate, and ammonium phosphate rapidly leached from the medium, while the controlled-release ammonium phosphate was retained for a longer time. Marigold growth was not affected by fertilizer type; however, marigolds grown in P-amended media were larger than those grown without P. These studies indicate that amending container growing medium with superphosphate or triple superphosphate prior to planting may not be cost-effective.

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Compost Teas and Reused Nutrient Solution Suppress Plant Pathogens In Vitro

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.48.4.510 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 510-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Xiuling Tian ◽

Youbin Zheng

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Diatomaceous Earth ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Plant Production ◽

Beer Brewing ◽

Fusarium Foetens ◽

In Vitro Inhibition ◽

Test Materials

In vitro testing was conducted to evaluate the inhibition potential of three compost teas (pine bark, manure, and vermicasting), Root Rescue Landscape Powder® (a mix of mycorrhizae and other beneficial microbes), waste diatomaceous earth (DE; from beer brewing), and a greenhouse nutrient solution, which had been reused for 20 years on six plant pathogens: Fusarium foetens, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phytophthora cryptogea, Pythium intermedium, and P. ultimum. The test materials showed in vitro inhibition on most of the test pathogens. Pine bark tea suppressed growth of all six pathogens, and inhibition exceeded 50% after 10 days of coincubation. Vermicasting tea showed over 40% inhibition against S. sclerotiorum and F. foetens; manure tea showed 42% inhibition against F. foetens; DE showed 40% inhibition against F. foetens, S. sclerotiorum, and R. solani; whereas reused greenhouse nutrient solution showed 56.7% inhibition against R. solani and 43.4% inhibition against F. foetens; Root Rescue showed 66% inhibition against P. intermedium. The results suggest that the six test materials have potential in the control of these soil- and water-borne pathogens in plant production system.

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