WEED CONTROL IN TOMATO WITH HALOSULFURON (SANDEA)

Halosulfuron (Sandea 75WG) is labeled for pre- or posttransplant use in tomato, cucumber, cantaloupe, among other vegetable crops. For pretransplant usage, the label specifies a 7-day waiting period after halosulfuron application under the plastic mulch before transplanting tomatoes. This period may be too long for growers who are busy in the spring with planting and pesticide sprays while on a race with the constantly changing climate of early spring. Experiments were conducted in the last 2 years to determine whether transplanting tomato within 7 days of halosulfuron application had any deleterious effects on tomato. In 2003, tomatoes were transplanted daily from day 0 through 7. Plant survival and height were collected. Tomato plants survived all dates of transplanting treatments. Plant height indicated that plants transplanted early were taller than those transplanted late, only because they had more time to establish and grow in the field. There was no adverse effect to tomato growth. In 2004, tomatoes were set on a 2-day interval from day 0 through 10 after halosulfuron application under the plastic mulch. Plant height, visual rating, % early blight infection, and yields were collected. A severe early blight infection confounded the results of herbicide applications. Still, it was clear that halosulfuron 0.026 or 0.051 kg a.i./ha had no effect on plant height or visual rating. Yields were not statistically different from those of the control, when the effect of early blight was factored out.

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WEED CONTROL IN TOMATO WITH HALOSULFURON (SANDEA)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.3.505c ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 505C-505

Author(s):

Joseph G. Masabni

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Tomato Yield ◽

Tomato Growth ◽

Potential Use ◽

Plastic Application

Experiments were conducted in the last 3 years to evaluate the safety and efficacy of halosulfuron (Sandea 75WG) application under the plastic mulch within 7 days of transplanting tomato. In 2003, tomato plants were transplanted daily from day 0 through 7 after halosulfuron 0.051 kg a.i./ha application. Plant survival and height were collected. Tomato plants survived all dates of transplanting treatments. Plant height indicated that plants transplanted early were taller than those transplanted late, only because they had more time to establish and grow in the field. In 2004, tomatoes were set on a 2-day interval from day 0 through 10 after halosulfuron application. Halosulfuron 0.025 or 0.052 kg a.i./ha had no effect on plant height or yield. In 2005, an experiment was initiated to determine whether addition of trifluralin to halosulfuron under the plastic mulch will improve grass control and remain safe to tomatoes. Halosulfuron at 0.025, 0.052, and 0.1 kg a.i./ha, was applied alone and combined with trifluralin 0.63 kg a.i./ha. All treatments were applied under the plastic mulch. Tomato plants were transplanted at 6 days after application (DBT) and 0 DBT. Halosulfuron 0.1 kg ai/ha resulted in slight stunting and yield reduction of tomato, whether applied at 6 or 0DBT. However, this stunting was not statistically significant. Trifluralin didn't affect tomato yield at 6DBT and significantly increased yields at 0DBT for 0.052 and 0.1 ka a.i./ha halosulfuron rates. Trifluralin reduced grass biomass but resulted in an increase of nightshade biomass. Halosulfuron was determined to be very safe on tomato growth and yield, even if tomato was transplanted on the same day of application. Trifluralin also was found to have little or no effect on tomato growth or yield, and appears to have a potential use as an herbicide for under plastic application in tomato production.

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Evaluation of Herbicide Programs in Florida Cabbage Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci12645-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 646-650 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jialin Yu ◽

Nathan S. Boyd ◽

Peter J. Dittmar

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Weed Control ◽

Significant Problem ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Effect On Yield ◽

Herbicide Programs

In Florida, cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) is typically grown without a plastic mulch and as a result, weeds are a significant problem in most fields. Experiments were conducted from Nov. 2015 to Apr. 2016 in Balm, Citra, and Parrish, FL, to evaluate weed control and ‘Bravo’ cabbage tolerance to multiple herbicide programs applied pretransplanting (PRE-T), posttransplanting (POST-T), PRE-T followed by (fb) a sequential application at 3 weeks after transplanting (WATP), and POST-T fb sequential application at 3 WATP. PRE-T herbicide treatments of 277 g a.i./ha clomazone, 280 g a.i./ha oxyfluorfen, and 798 g a.i./ha pendimethalin and POST-T herbicide treatments of 6715 g a.i./ha dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA) were ineffective, and weed control never exceeded 70% in Balm and provided <50% weed control in Citra and Parrish at 6 and 8 WATP, respectively. POST-T applications of napropamide + S-metolachlor at 2242 + 1770 g a.i./ha, DCPA + S-metolachlor at 6715 + 1170 g a.i./ha, and S-metolachlor POST-T fb clopyralid at 1170 g a.i./ha fb 210 g ae/ha were the most effective herbicide treatments and consistently provided >70% weed control. In addition, results showed that all of the herbicide treatments evaluated except the PRE application of clomazone at 277 g a.i./ha are safe for cabbage with no adverse effect on yield.

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PENGARUH JARAK TANAM DAN MULSA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) PADA MUSIM PENGHUJAN

VIABEL Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.30957/viabel.v11i1.229 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Amelia Nur Suprianto ◽

Tri Kurniastuti

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Number Of Branches

This research aims 1) To determine the effect of interaction of different plant spacing and the provision of mulch to growth and yield of tomato plants. 2) To know the different spacing affect the growth and yield of tomato plants. 3) To know the use of mulch type effect on growth and yield of tomato plants. This research was conducted by using Randomized Block Design in Factorial (RAK) with 2 factors, first factor is plant spacing (J) consisting of 3 levels ie 40x30 cm (J1), 40x50 cm (J2), 40x70 cm (J3) . The second factor is mulch (M) consisting of 3 levels ie: without mulch (M0 / control), straw mulch (M1), plastic mulch (M2). The variables observed were plant height, number of branches, number of bunches, number of fruit, and fruit weight. Data were analyzed by using variance analysis (Anova), 5% level. The results showed that: There was no interaction between plant spacing and mulch on growth and yield of tomato plants. Treatment spacing 40x50 (J2) effect on the number of bunches of 35 HST, the weight of the first harvest fruit and total fruit weight. The use of straw mulch type (M1) has an effect on plant height, number of branches, number of 35 HST bunches, and total fruit weight.

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PENGARUH JARAK TANAM DAN MULSA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) PADA MUSIM PENGHUJAN

VIABEL Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.35457/viabel.v11i1.229 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Amelia Nur Suprianto ◽

Tri Kurniastuti

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Number Of Branches

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Weed Control in Tomato Production using Spring-sown Cover Crops Killed by Undercutting

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.495b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 495b-495

Author(s):

Akemo Mary Christine ◽

Mark Bennett ◽

Emily Regnier

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Early Spring ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Field Peas

A cover crop study in Spring 1996 showed that mowing did not completely kill the cover crops. In 1997 the study was repeated with the same cover crop treatments using winter rye `Wheeler' (Secale cereale) and field peas (Pisum sativum). Cover crops were eastablished in pure stands and bi-cultures in decreasing levels and varying proportions in early Spring 1997. They were undercut under the soil 2 months later, prior to transplanting tomato seedlings. Three controls were included in each replicate. Tomato plants in treatments with higher seeding rates of field peas had higher leaf areas and dry weights 1 month after transplanting. Weeds, especially dicotyledons, grew through the cover crop mulch 1.5 months after undercutting, but by then the tomato plants were at an advanced stage of growth. Tomato fruit yields were much higher than those of 1996 and had significant differences (P = 0.05). Highest yields were from treatments with highest rates of 0.25 rye + 0.75 peas, 0.5 rye + 0.5 peas, pure peas, and the conventionally hand-weeded control. Lowest yields were from the weedy checks. Undercutting the cover crops improved yields in all plots so treated probably because the soil was loosened and the tomato plants' roots accessed nutrients and water better. Spring sowing and undercutting cover crops definitely has a potential for weed control.

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Crop signal markers facilitate crop detection and weed removal from lettuce and tomato by an intelligent cultivator

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2019.120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 342-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

HannahJoy Kennedy ◽

Steven A. Fennimore ◽

David C. Slaughter ◽

Thuy T. Nguyen ◽

Vivian L. Vuong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pattern Recognition ◽

Weed Control ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Field Trials ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Vegetable Crop ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Commercial Use ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Herbicide Use

AbstractIncreasing weed control costs and limited herbicide options threaten vegetable crop profitability. Traditional interrow mechanical cultivation is very effective at removing weeds between crop rows. However, weed control within the crop rows is necessary to establish the crop and prevent yield loss. Currently, many vegetable crops require hand weeding to remove weeds within the row that remain after traditional cultivation and herbicide use. Intelligent cultivators have come into commercial use to remove intrarow weeds and reduce cost of hand weeding. Intelligent cultivators currently on the market such as the Robovator, use pattern recognition to detect the crop row. These cultivators do not differentiate crops and weeds and do not work well among high weed populations. One approach to differentiate weeds is to place a machine-detectable mark or signal on the crop (i.e., the crop has the mark and the weed does not), thereby facilitating weed/crop differentiation. Lettuce and tomato plants were marked with labels and topical markers, then cultivated with an intelligent cultivator programmed to identify the markers. Results from field trials in marked tomato and lettuce found that the intelligent cultivator removed 90% more weeds from tomato and 66% more weeds from lettuce than standard cultivators without reducing yields. Accurate crop and weed differentiation described here resulted in a 45% to 48% reduction in hand-weeding time per hectare.

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PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF TOMAT (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM MILL) PADA KERAGAMAN TIPE MULSA DAN DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK

JURNAL BIOLOGI TROPIS ◽

10.29303/jbt.v20i1.1420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Ahmad Raksun ◽

Mahrus Mahrus ◽

I Gde Mertha

Keyword(s):

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Different Types ◽

Leaf Mulch ◽

Tomato Growth ◽

The Difference ◽

Black Plastic

Abstract: Upaya meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman dapat dilakukan dengan aplikasi mulsa dan pupuk organik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh jenis mulsa terhadap pertumbuhan tomat, (2) pengaruh pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan tomat, (3) pengaruh interaksi antar jenis mulsa dan dosis pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan tomat. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan rancangan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah 3 jenis mulsa yaitu mulsa plastik hitam perak, mulsa jerami padi dan mulsa daun-daun kering. Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk organik yang terdiri atas 6 level yaitu: P0 = 0 kg pupuk organik (kontrol), P1 = pemberian 0,4 kg pupuk organik per 1 m2 lahan, P2 = pemberian 0,8 kg pupuk organik per 1 m2 lahan, P3 = pemberian 1,2 kg pupuk organik per 1 m2 lahan, P4 = pemberian 1,6 kg pupuk organik per 1 m2 lahan, P5 = pemberian 2,0 kg pupuk organik per 1 m2 lahan. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) perbedaan jenis mulsa berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat (2) perbedaan dosis pupuk organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat, (3) interaksi antara jenis mulsa dan dosis pupuk organik tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat, (4) mulsa plastik hitam perak memberikan hasil tinggi batang, panjang helaian daun dan lebar helaian daun yang lebih baik dibandingkan jenis mulsa yang lain, (5) dosis optimum pupuk organik untuk tanaman tomat adalah 1,6 kg per 1 m2 lahan pertanian.Kata kunci : mulsa, pupuk organik, pertumbuhan tomatAbstract: Efforts to increase growth and yields can be done with the application of mulch and organic fertilizer. The purpose of this study is to find out. The research objective is to find out: (1) the effect of mulch type on tomato growth, (2) the effect of organic fertilizer on tomato growth, (2) the effect of interaction between types of mulch and the dose of organic fertilizer on tomato growth. This research used 2 factors design. The first factor is 3 types of mulch namely black silver plastic mulch, rice straw mulch and dried leaf mulch. The second factor is the dose of organic fertilizer consisting of 6 levels, namely: P0 = 0 kg of organic fertilizer (control), P1 = giving 0.4 kg of organic fertilizer per 1 m2 of land, P2 = giving 0.8 kg of organic fertilizer per 1 m2 of land, P3 = giving 1.2 kg of organic fertilizer per 1 m2 of land, P4 = giving 1.6 kg of fertilizer organic per 1 m2 of land, P5 = giving 2.0 kg of organic fertilizer per 1 m2 of land. Research data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that (1) the different types of mulch significantly affected the growth of tomato, (2) the difference in organic fertilizer dosages significantly affected the growth of tomato, (3) the interaction between the types of mulch and the dose of organic fertilizer did not significantly affect the growth of tomato, (4) silver black plastic mulch gives better stem height, leaf length and leaf width than other types of mulch, (5) optimum dose of organic fertilizer for tomato plants is 1.6 kg per 1 m2 of agricultural land.Keywords: mulch, organic fertilizer, tomato growth

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Pinching of Lagerstroemia for Use as a Potted Florist Crop

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.470c ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 470C-470

Author(s):

James M. Rawson ◽

Richard L. Harkess

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Slow Release ◽

Plant Size ◽

Early Spring ◽

Peat Moss ◽

Visual Rating ◽

Slow Release Fertilizer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dwarf Cultivar ◽

Greenhouse Plant

Lagerstroemia has potential for development as a potted florist crop for early spring sales. The number and timing of pinching or number of liners per container were examined as a means of developing a more compact plant that is in proportion to the container. On 20 July 1996, either one or three rooted liners of Lagerstroemia `Victor' or `Zuni' were planted into 1500-ml (15 cm in diameter) containers in a pine bark: peat moss (3:1 v/v) substrate amended with 6 kg·m–3 MicroMax plus (Scotts Company, Inc., Marysville, Ohio). The plants were topdressed with 10 g SierraBlen 17–6–12 (Scotts Company, Inc., Marysville, Ohio) slow-release fertilizer. The liners received 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 pinches and were pinched in a complete factorial 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after potting. There were 32 pinching treatments with 5 replications. The plants were grown outside until 30 Sept. 1996, when they were moved into a greenhouse. Plant height, width, and a visual rating were collected 13 Nov. 1996. There was no significant difference in plant size or visual rating of `Victor' regardless of the number or timing of pinches or of the number of liners per pot. `Zuni' had significantly the best visual ratings and largest size when grown with three liners but the timing and number of pinches had no significant effect. `Victor' is a dwarf cultivar growing to only 1 m in the landscape while `Zuni' is a semi-dwarf, growing to 2.7 m.

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Tomato Production using Spring-sown Cover Crops' Mulch for Weed Control

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.430e ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 430E-430

Author(s):

Akemo Mary Christine ◽

Mark Bennett ◽

Emily Regnier

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Field Peas ◽

Comparable Performance ◽

Tomato Growth

In the tropics, cover crops do not have to over-winter, but can be established in the same season as the vegetable crops. To emulate this situation, winter rye `Wheeler' (Secale cereale) and field peas (Pisum sativum) in pure stands and bi-culture combinations in decreasing levels and varying ratios were established early in Spring 1996 and mown down 2 months later prior to transplanting tomato seedlings. Both cover crops grew to the flowering stage before being mown down. There were significant differences (P = 0.05) between the treatments in weed control and tomato growth. The best tomato growth and yield was in the conventionally hand-weeded control and the worst in the un-weeded control, with almost no fruit yield. The cover crop treatments with comparable performance to the best treatment were the highest rates of pure field peas, 0.25 rye + 0.75 field peas, and 0.5 rye + 0.5 field peas. The pure rye treatments suppressed weeds best, but also suppressed tomato plant growth. Weeds were suppressed for the first month in most of the mulch covers, but 2 months after mowing down most of the mulch covers were overcome by weeds. Dicotyledonous weeds appeared first and grew faster than grass weeds. This work showed that there is potential for the use of cover crops for weed control in tropical vegetable production.

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Profitability of abrasive weeding in organic grain and vegetable crops

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170518000479 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 215-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sam E. Wortman ◽

Frank Forcella ◽

David Lambe ◽

Sharon A. Clay ◽

Daniel Humburg

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Crop Production ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Yield Data ◽

Specialty Crops ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

The Cost ◽

Profit Potential

AbstractWeed competition, especially within the crop row, limits the productivity and profitability of organic crop production. Abrasive weeding, a mechanical alternative to hand weeding, uses air-propelled grits to control small weed seedlings growing within the crop row. Recent research has demonstrated the successful use of abrasive weeding to reduce weed competition and increase yields in organic maize (Zea mays), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and green and red pepper crops (Capsicum annuum), but the profitability of this weed control tactic has not been assessed. Our objective was to determine the profitability of abrasive weeding using empirical yield data from three previously published studies, a range of crop prices and revenues, and a range of costs for wages, grit applicator ownership, tractor use, abrasive grits, and fuel. Results suggest that abrasive weeding was not profitable in organic maize production, and may reduce net income by US$223–3537 ha−1 compared with inter-row cultivation alone for weed control. The cost of abrasive weeding in maize was largely dependent on the cost of abrasive grits and the cost to own a four-row grit applicator (US$736–2105 yr−1). However, abrasive weeding was less expensive than hand weeding, especially as the scale of production increased. Abrasive weeding was profitable in tomato and pepper crops and increased net mean income by US$12,251–33,265 ha−1. However, abrasive weeding was not 100% effective and hand weeding for weed-free conditions was always the most profitable approach to in-row weed management in vegetable crops. The profit potential of the hand-weeded, weed-free treatments demonstrates the importance of weed control in high-value specialty crops–even those grown in plastic mulch film. Despite the profit potential for hand weeding observed here, labor is increasingly difficult to source, retain and afford, and abrasive weeding offers a mechanical alternative with 66% less labor required. Further research is needed to improve the efficacy of abrasive weeding and to reduce the cost of abrasive grits and application.

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