SELECTIVE BROADLEAF WEED CONTROL IN GROUNDCOVERS

Selective broadleaf weed control is a major economic issue facing commercial landscapers and homeowners alike. Minimal selective post-emergent weed research has been successful in controlling landscape weeds. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the efficacy of seven selective broadleaf herbicides [nicosulfuron (0.66 oz/acre), flumioxazin (8 oz/acre), penoxsulam (2.3 fl oz/acre), bensulfuron (1.66 oz/acre), glyphosate (1% by volume), sulfentrazone (8 fl oz/acre), trifloxysulfuron (0.56 oz/acre) and the control] and to determine the ornamental phytotoxicity on three groundcover species (Liriope muscari, Ophiopogon japonicus, and Trachelospermum asiaticum). A RCBD design was used with five blocks. Each block was split establishing either mulched or bare soil plots (nonmulched). The ground-covers were established three months before herbicide application. On 29 June 2005, four weed species were evenly seeded into the blocks with one hundred seeds each of Sesbania exaltata, Ipomea hederacea, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Euphorbia maculata. Herbicides were applied using a CO2 backpack type sprayer on 6 Sept. 2005. Plant and weed control data were taken to evaluate phytotoxicity and efficacy at 0, 1, 7, 14, and 28 DAT. On 27 Oct. 2005, weeds were harvested from each plot and dried for a minimum of 48 h and weighed. No significant differences in phytotoxicity were observed on either Liriope muscari or Trachelospermum asiaticum. However, there was a significant increase in phytotoxicity exhibited by the Ophiopogon japonicus treated with sulfentrazone compared to all of the other herbicides. Glyphosate demonstrated the best overall control of all broadleaf weeds except Sesbania, while trifloxysulfuron showed the best control of Sesbania. There were no significant differences in herbicide efficacy between the mulched and nonmulched plots. Further research is being done to measure the effects of herbicide efficacy and phytotoxicity in 2006.

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The Effect of Prodiamine on Growth of Containerized Woody Ornamentals

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.4.554b ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 554B-554a

Author(s):

Edward Bush ◽

Ann L. Gray ◽

Virginia Thaxton ◽

Allen Owings

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

High Rate ◽

Weed Species ◽

Quercus Virginiana ◽

Sesbania Exaltata ◽

Live Oak ◽

Ophiopogon Japonicus ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Preemergence Herbicides

Previous research has shown the effectiveness of prodiamine (FactorÆ)as a preemergent herbicide. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy and phytotoxicity of prodiamine applied to several woody ornamental and weed species. Phytotoxicity effects were evaluated on eight ornamental species: azalea (Rhododendron indicum `Mrs. G.G. Gerbing'), dwarf yaupon (Ilex vomitoria `Nana'), dwarf mondograss (Ophiopogon japonicus `Nana'), ixora (Ixora coccinea), lantana (Lantana camara `New Gold'), Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana), weeping fig (Ficus benjamina), and daylily (Hemerocallis fulva). Preemergent herbicide treatments (control-nontreated, 2 lbs aia Factor®, and 4 lbs aia Factor®) were applied to ornamentals twice during the experiment at twelve week intervals. There was a reduction in top dry weight for azalea and dwarf mondograss for both 2 and 4 lbs aia treatments. No significant growth reductions were measured for daylily, dwarf yaupon, ixora, lantana, live oak, and weeping fig. The efficacy experiment consisted of four weed species: barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgali), crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), coffeeweed (Sesbania exaltata), and pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and five preemergence herbicide treatments (control-nontreated, control-Rout® at 100 lbs/A, Factor® 1 lb aia, Factor® 2 lbs aia, and a tank mixture of Factor® 1 lb aia plus Gallery® 1 lb aia) applied to bark-filled containers. Twenty-five weed seeds of each species were broadcast over each container following herbicide applications. The high rate of Factor®, Rout®, and the combination of Factor®+Gallery® significantly reduced weed dry weight compared to the control. All preemergence herbicides significantly reduced weed counts and height in a similar manner.

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Effect of Clay, Soil Organic Matter, and Soil pH on Initial and Residual Weed Control with Flumioxazin

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1326

Author(s):

Calvin F. Glaspie ◽

Eric A. L. Jones ◽

Donald Penner ◽

John A. Pawlak ◽

Wesley J. Everman

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Weed Control ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Matter Content ◽

Weed Species ◽

Soil Organic Matter Content ◽

Field Soils

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil organic matter content and soil pH on initial and residual weed control with flumioxazin by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils. Initial control was determined by planting weed seeds into various lab-made and field soils treated with flumioxazin (71 g ha−1). Seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Setaria faberi (giant foxtail), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), and Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) were incorporated into the top 1.3 cm of each soil at a density of 100 seeds per pot, respectively. Emerged plants were counted and removed in both treated and non-treated pots two weeks after planting and each following week for six weeks. Flumioxazin control was evaluated by calculating percent emergence of weeds in treated soils compared to the emergence of weeds in non-treated soils. Clay content was not found to affect initial flumioxazin control of any tested weed species. Control of A. theophrasti, E. crus-galli, and S. faberi was reduced as soil organic matter content increased. The control of A. retroflexus was not affected by organic matter. Soil pH below 6 reduced flumioxazin control of A. theophrasti, and S. faberi but did not affect the control of A. retroflexus and E. crus-galli. Flumioxazin residual control was determined by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after treatment. Eight weeks after treatment, flumioxazin gave 0% control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi in all soils tested. Control of A. retroflexus and Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) was 100% for the duration of the experiment, except when soil organic matter content was greater than 3% or the soil pH 7. Eight weeks after treatment, 0% control was only observed for common A. retroflexus and C. album in organic soil (soil organic matter > 80%) or when soil pH was above 7. Control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi decreased as soil organic matter content and soil pH increased. Similar results were observed when comparing lab-made soils to field soils; however, differences in control were observed between lab-made organic matter soils and field organic matter soils. Results indicate that flumioxazin can provide control ranging from 75–100% for two to six weeks on common weed species.

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Absorption, Translocation, and Phytotoxicity of Chlorimuron and 2,4-Db Mixtures in Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) and Selected Weed Species

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500052048 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 347-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Glenn R. Wehtje ◽

John W. Wilcut ◽

John A. Mcguire

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Field Studies ◽

The Other ◽

Weed Species ◽

Greenhouse Experiments ◽

Crop Injury ◽

Treated Leaf ◽

Better Than

Mixtures of chlorimuron and 2,4-DB were additive with respect to crop injury and were either additive or slightly antagonistic with respect to weed control in greenhouse experiments. Absorption and translocation of14C following application of14C-chlorimuron and14C-2,4-DB were not affected by the presence of the other unlabeled herbicide, except in Florida beggarweed and peanut where 2,4-DB affected distribution of14C-chlorimuron in the treated leaf. In field studies, maximum efficacy was obtained with mixtures of chlorimuron plus 2,4-DB applied 7 or 9 wk after planting. Florida beggarweed control was greatest with chlorimuron or chlorimuron mixtures while the addition of 2,4-DB to chlorimuron improved morningglory and sicklepod control. At 9 and 11 wk after planting, addition of 2,4-DB to chlorimuron controlled Florida beggarweed better than chlorimuron alone. Peanut yields were increased by the addition of 2,4-DB at later applications.

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Influence of Simulated Rainfall and Soil Moisture on Herbicidal Activity of Cinmethylin

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500056514 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 267-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steven G. Russell ◽

Thomas J. Monaco ◽

Jerome B. Weber

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Field Trials ◽

Herbicidal Activity ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Weed Species ◽

Green Foxtail ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Dry Soil ◽

Prickly Sida

Field trials were conducted in 1986 and 1987 to determine the effects of moisture on herbicidal activity of cinmethylin applied preemergence at 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 kg ai ha to both dry and moist sandy loam soil. Herbicide application was followed by varying amounts of irrigation. Weed species included velvetleaf, prickly sida, green foxtail, and barnyardgrass. When cinmethylin was applied to a moist soil or when 2.5 cm of irrigation was applied 5 days after cinmethylin application to a dry soil, overall weed control was reduced. Optimum weed control resulted from cinmethylin application to dry soil followed either by a 2.5-cm irrigation within 8 h or a 7.6-cm irrigation within 36 h.

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Weed Control for Close-Drilled Soybeans

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500034834 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 16-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. M. Wax

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Weed Control ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Weed Species ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Planting Time ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Seedbed Preparation

Delayed planting or “stale seedbed” for weed control in close-drilled (20-cm rows) soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy’] was evaluated for 3 years. The system combined final seedbed preparation 3 to 6 weeks before planting with herbicide application at planting time. The best control of six weed species and highest soybean yields were obtained bya,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) application at the time of seedbed preparation followed by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea (linuron) application at planting and by linuron application at planting without the early trifluralin application. Applications of 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion (paraquat) at planting, either with or without trifluralin treatments, resulted in less weed control and lower soybean yields than comparable treatments with linuron. However, even the best treatments failed to provide the weed control necessary to prevent substantial soybean yield reduction in heavy infestations of weeds that emerge in large numbers after planting, and that resist the phytotoxic action of the herbicides.

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Selectivity of the herbicide linuron sprayed in pre-emergence and post-early in carrot

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n3p1201 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 1201

Author(s):

Núbia Maria Correia ◽

Agnaldo Donizete Ferreira de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Weed Control ◽

Chemical Treatment ◽

Commercial Production ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

The Other ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Carrot Plant

Herbicide application is a method for weed control in carrot crops. However, the choice of the chemical treatment (herbicide, association of products, dose, and time of application) should consider its selectivity to the crop. It is desired to analyze the selectivity of linuron for carrot plants, when sprayed on pre-emergence and post-early cultivated plants. Two experiments were carried out in the field in an area of the commercial production of carrots, one with the Verano cultivar and the other with BRS Planalto. Both experiments included an experimental design with randomized blocks in a factorial 2 x 4 + 1 with six and four replications for the experiments with Verano and BRS Planalto, respectively. The herbicide linuron (675 and 990 g a.i. ha-1) was sprayed at four times, counting from the carrot sowing day: in the pre-emergence of the crop at 0, 3, and 6 days after sowing (DAS) and in the post-early emergence at 9 DAS, when the plants had 1 or 2 cotyledons. An untreated control was maintained as an additional treatment. Linuron was selective for the carrot plant cultivars Verano and BRS Planalto, in both doses tested, when sprayed in the pre-emergence, up to six days after sowing, and in the post-early (plants with 1 or 2 cotyledon leaves) at nine days after sowing.

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The effects of weed density and different weed control applications on yield and yield components of chickpea cultivars

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-480 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Melih Yilar Omer Sozen ◽

Ufuk Karadavut

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Yield Components ◽

Control Method ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Weed Species ◽

Control Applications ◽

Weed Density ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Plot Design

This study was conducted to determine the effects of weed density and different weed control treatments on chickpea yield and yield components. The experiment was carried out in split plot design with 3 replications in experimental fields of Kirsehir Ahi Evran University during 2016 and 2017 crop seasons. Total nine treatments (no weed control, permanent weed control, one-time hoeing, two-time hoeing, three-time hoeing, herbicide application after emergence, one-time hoeing with herbicide application, two-time hoeing with herbicide application and three-time hoeing with herbicide application) were compared to know the most effective weed control method. Vaccaria pyramidata Medik., Sinapis arvensis L., Acroptilon repens L. weed species were found to be the most intense in the experimental area. All weed control applications had significant effect on chickpea yield and yield components compared to weedy plots. Three-time hoeing with herbicide application increased the yield by 361.55-478.50% compared to weedy plots. Likewise, three-time hoeing application even increased the yield by 348.50-357.09% compared to weedy plots. The results revealed that three-time hoeing with herbicide and three-time hoeing applications stood out in weed management to obtain a good yield in chickpea cultivation at Kirsehir province.

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EFFECT OF SEVERAL HERBICIDES ON GERMINATION, SURVIVAL, AND EARLY GROWTH OF CARAGANA AND ON WEEDS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps65-092 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 477-486

Author(s):

R. Grover

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Early Growth ◽

The Other ◽

Weed Species ◽

Other Hand ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Caragana Arborescens ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Greenhouse Tests

Several pre-emergence herbicides were tested, both in the greenhouse and in the field, for tolerance to germinating and 1-year-old seedlings of caragana (Caragana arborescens Lam.) and for effectiveness in controlling weeds.Dinoseb (4,6-dinitro-o-sec-butylphenol) and its alkanolamine salt at 8 lb/ac, trifluralin (alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) at 4 to 6 lb/ac, DCPA (dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate) at 15 lb/ac, swep (methyl 3,4-dichlorocarbanilate) at 6 to 9 lb/ac, and Tenoran (N-4-(p-chlorophenoxy)-phenyl-1,1-dimethylurea) at 6 lb/ac gave satisfactory weed control with no injury to germinating caragana seedlings. Liquid formulations of dinoseb or dinoseb-amine were more effective than the granular dinoseb formulation at rates of 8 lb/ac or less. Mixtures of dinoseb, trifluralin, and DCPA were also effective and these may be used where a wider weed species spectrum is encountered.Trifluralin at 6 lb/ac and mixtures of granular dinoseb at 8 to 12 lb/ac with DCPA at 10 lb/ac also provided satisfactory weed control with no injury to 1-year-old caragana seedlings.In the greenhouse tests, pre-emergence applications of trifluralin, diphenamid (N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide), swep, DCPA, and DMPA (Q-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) O-methyl isopropylphosphoramidothioate) did not retard the germination of weed seeds, but the young weed seedlings were either killed or retarded in growth as the experiments progressed. On the other hand, linuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea), dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile), and dinoseb affected the emergence of weed seedlings. The weeds surviving the dinoseb treatment grew well. Hand-weeding stimulated the germination of more weed seeds.

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Interaction of Rice Residue and PRE Herbicides on Emergence and Biomass of Four Weed Species

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-12-00067.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 627-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽

Seth B. Abugho

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Conservation Agriculture ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Weed Species ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Agriculture Systems

Studies were conducted in a screenhouse to determine the interaction of rice residue as mulch (0, 3, and 6 t ha−1) and herbicides (nontreated, oxadiazon at 0.5 and 1.0 kg ai ha−1, and pendimethalin at 1.0 and 2.0 kg ai ha−1) on seedling emergence and biomass of barnyardgrass, crowfootgrass, junglerice, and rice flatsedge. Regardless of the residue amount, crowfootgrass and junglerice were effectively controlled by all herbicide treatments. No seedlings of these weed species escaped the herbicides when applied in the presence of residue cover. There was no survival of barnyardgrass seedlings when both herbicides were applied on bare soil (without residue cover); however, some seedlings survived oxadiazon and pendimethalin when applied in the presence of residue cover. For rice flatsedge, the herbicide applications in the presence of residue cover resulted in lower weed control than in the absence of residue. These results suggest that some weed species can escape the application of PRE herbicides in conservation agriculture systems in which residue can bind soil-applied herbicides and result in lower efficacy.

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Effects of weed control through cowpea intercropping on mayze morphology and yield

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582007000300001 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 433-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J.K.O. Gomes ◽

P.S.L. Silva ◽

K.M.B. Silva ◽

F.F. Rodrigues Filho ◽

V.G. Santos

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Control Method ◽

The Other ◽

Weed Species ◽

Mean Values ◽

Maize Cultivars ◽

Poaceae Family ◽

Maize Yields ◽

Hand Weeding

Intercropping combined with competitive maize cultivars can reduce the use of herbicides to control weeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of intercropping cowpea and maize, as well as hand-weeding on maize morphology and yield. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks, with treatments arranged in split-plots and five replications. The plots consisted of four maize cultivars (BA 8512, BA 9012, EX 4001, EX 6004) and the split-plots consisted of the following treatments: no-weeding; twice hand-weeding (20 and 40 days after sowing); and intercropping with cowpea ('Sempre Verde' cultivar), both maize and cowpea sown at the same time. The variables evaluated were: maize fresh green ears and grain yield; characteristics of internodes, leaves, tassels, ears, grains; plant height and ear insertion height; number of weed plants and species; fresh and dry biomass of weed species and cowpea. Ten weed species were outstanding during the experiment, many of them from the Poaceae family. No interactions were found between weed control method and maize cultivars for most variables evaluated; and plants from hand-weeded split-plots showed superior mean values compared to plants from non-weeded and intercropped split-plots, both not differing from each other. The cowpea was inefficient in controlling weed, reducing the maize yields and not producing any grain. The maize cultivars 'BA 8512' and 'BA 9012 showed the highest mean green ear yield, and the highest grain yield in hand-weeded, no-weeded and intercropped split-plots. On the other hand, the maize cultivar 'EX 6004' showed such high means only in no-weeded and intercropped split-plots. 'EX 4001 presented the worst means in these variables for hand-weeded, no-weeded ant intercropped split-plots.

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