scholarly journals Photoperiod, Irradiance, and/or Cool Temperature Effects on Lobivia × Chamaecereus Hybrid `Rose Quartz' Flowering

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 992C-992
Author(s):  
John Erwin ◽  
Esther Gesick ◽  
Ben Dill ◽  
Charles Rohwer
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Incandescent Lamps ◽  
The Impact

Photoperiod, irradiance, and/or a cool temperature effects on Chamaelobivia hybrid `Rose Quartz' flowering was studied. Two- to 3-year-old plants were grown for 4 months under natural daylight (DL; August–November) in a greenhouse maintained at 26 ± 2 °C. Plants were then placed in either of two greenhouses: a cool temperature house (5 ± 2 °C; natural daylight), or a lighting treatment house (22 °C day/18 ± 1 °C night temperature, respectively). The lighting treatment house had eight light environments: 1) short day (SD; 8 h; 0800–1600 HR); 2) SD+25–35 μmol·m-2·s-1; 3) SD+45-50 μmol·m-2·s-1; 4) SD+85-95 μmol·m-2·s-1; 5) DL plus night interruption lighting (NI; 2200–0200 HR; 2 μmol·m-2·s-1 from incandescent lamps); 6) DL+25-35 μmol·m-2·s-1 (lighted from 0800–0200 HR); 7) DL+45-50 μmol·m-2·s-1; and 8) DL+85-95 μmol·m-2·s-1. Supplemental lighting was provided using high-pressure sodium lamps. Plants were placed in the cool temperature environment for 0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks before being placed under lighting treatments. All plants received a 6-week lighting treatment and were then placed in the finishing greenhouse (22 ± 2 °C). Data were collected on the date when each flower opened (five only), the flower number per plant, and flower longevity (five only). Vernalization interacted with photoperiod to affect flowering. Unvernalized plants exhibited an obligate long-day requirement for flowering. Vernalized plants exhibited a facultative long-day requirement for flowering. The impact of vernalization, photoperiod, and irradiance on flower number, time to flower, and longevity will also be discussed.

scholarly journals (76) Photoperiod, Irradiance, and/or Cool Temperature Effects on Mamillopsis senilis, Echinopsis Hybrid, and Trichocereus Hybrid Growth and Flowering

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1065D-1066
Author(s):  
John Erwin ◽  
Esther Gesick ◽  
Ben Dill ◽  
Charles Rohwer
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Hybrid Growth ◽  
Response Groups ◽  
Incandescent Lamps ◽  
The Impact

The impact of photoperiod, irradiance, and/or cool temperature on flowering and/or dormancy in Mamillopsis senilis and Echinopsis and Trichocereus hybrids was studied. Two- to 3-year-old plants (180 plants of each type) were grown for 4 months under natural daylight (DL) conditions (August–November) in a greenhouse maintained at 26 ± 2 °C. Plants were then placed in either of two greenhouses: a cool temperature house (5 ± 2 °C; DL), or a lighting treatment house (22/18 ± 1 °C day/night temperature, respectively). The lighting treatment house had eight light environments: 1) short day (SD; 8 h; 0800–1600 hr); 2) SD+25–35 μmol·m-2·s-1; 3) SD+45–50 μmol·m-2·s-1; 4) SD+85–95 μmol·m-2·s-1; 5) DL plus night interruption lighting (NI; 2200–0200 hr; 2 μmol·m-2·s-1 from incandescent lamps); 6) DL+25–35 μmol·m-2·s-1 (lighted from 0800–0200 hr); 7) DL+45–50 μmol·m-2·s-1; and 8) DL+85–95 μmol·m-2·s-1. Supplemental lighting was provided using high-pressure sodium lamps. Plants were placed in the cool temperature house for 0, 4, 8 or 12 weeks before being placed under lighting treatments. All plants received lighting treatments for 6 weeks and were then placed in a finishing greenhouse (DL; 22 ± 2 °C). Data were collected on approximate day when growth resumed, the date when each flower opened (five only), total flower number per plant, and how long each flower stayed open (five only). Whether species exhibited dormancy and what conditions, if any, broke that dormancy was identified. Species were also classified into photoperiodic, irradiance, and vernalization response groups with respect to flowering.

scholarly journals Photoperiod, Irradiance, and Cool Temperature Effects on Gymnocalycium, Rebutia, Lobivia, and Sulcorebutia sp. Growth and Flowering

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 992B-992
Author(s):  
John Erwin ◽  
Esther Gesick ◽  
Ben Dill ◽  
Charles Rohwer
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Vernalization Requirement ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Response Groups

A study was conducted to determine if photoperiod, irradiance, and/or a cool temperatures impacted flowering of selected species in five cactus genera. Gymnocalycium, Rebutia, Lobivia, and Sulcorebutia plants were grown for 4 months under natural daylight conditions (August–November) in a greenhouse maintained at 26 ± 2 °C. Plants were then placed in either of two greenhouses: 1) a greenhouse maintained at 22 °C day/18 ± 1 °C night temperature with an 8-h daylength (SD) or natural daylight plus night interruption lighting (NI; 2200–0200 HR), or 2) a greenhouse maintained at 5 ± 2 °C under natural daylight conditions (8–10 h). After 12 weeks at 5 °C, plants were moved to the SD and NI lighting treatments in the before mentioned greenhouse and additional lighting treatment [natural daylight plus supplemental high-pressure sodium lighting (85–95 μmol·m-2·s-1; 0800–0200 HR)]. In all cases, plants were moved out of lighting treatments after 6 weeks and were then grown under natural daylight conditions in a greenhouse maintained at constant 22 ± 1 °C. Data were collected on the approximate date growth commenced, the date when each flower opened (five flowers only), flower number per plant, and individual flower longevity (five flowers only). Species were classified into photoperiodic and irradiance response groups where appropriate and whether species exhibited a vernalization requirement was reported. Lastly, whether dormancy occurred and what conditions overcame that dormancy was reported.

scholarly journals Photoperiod, Irradiance, and Temperature Affect Echinopsis ‘Rose Quartz’ Flowering

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1494-1497
Author(s):  
John Erwin ◽  
Rene O’Connell ◽  
Ken Altman
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Production Time ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
Short Days

Photoperiod, irradiance, cool temperature (5 °C), and benzyladenine (BA) application effects on Echinopsis ‘Rose Quartz’ flowering were examined. Plants were placed in a 5 °C greenhouse under natural daylight (DL) for 0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks, then moved to a 22/18 °C (day/night temperature) greenhouse under short days (SD, 8-hour DL) plus 0, 25, 45, or 75 μmol·m−2·s−1 supplemental lighting (0800–1600 hr; 8-hour photoperiod), long days (LD) delivered with DL plus night-interruption lighting (NI) (2200–0200 hr), or DL plus 25, 45, or 75 μmol·m−2·s−1 supplemental lighting (0800–0200 hr) for 6 weeks. Plants were then grown under DL only. Percent flowering plants increased as irradiance increased from 0–25 to +75 μmol·m−2·s−1 on uncooled plants, from 0% to 100% as 5 °C exposure increased from 0 to 8 weeks under subsequent SD and from 25% to 100% as 5 °C exposure increased from 0 to 4 weeks under subsequent LD. As 5 °C exposure duration increased from 0 to 12 weeks (SD-grown) and from 0 to 8 weeks (LD-grown), flower number increased from 0 to 11 and from 5 to 21 flowers per plant across irradiance treatments, respectively. Total production time ranged from 123 to 147 days on plants cooled from 8 to 12 weeks (SD-grown) and from 52 to 94 days on plants cooled for 0–4 weeks to 119–153 days on plants cooled for 8–12 weeks (LD-grown). Flower life varied from 1 to 3 days. BA spray application (10–40 mg·L−1) once or twice after a 12-week 5 °C exposure reduced flower number. Flower development was not photoperiodic. High flower number (17–21 flowers/plant) and short production time (including cooling time, 120–122 days) occurred when plants were grown at 5 °C for 8 weeks, then grown under LD + 45–75 μmol·m−2·s−1 for 6 weeks (16 hours; 10.9–12.8 mol·m−2·d−1) at a 22/18 °C day/night temperature. Taken together, Echinopsis ‘Rose Quartz’ exhibited a facultative cool temperature and facultative LD requirement for flowering.

SUPPLEMENTAL HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM LIGHTING AND NIGHT TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON SEED GERANIUMS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
M. J. TSUJITA
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Delayed Flowering

F1 seed-propagated geraniums (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey) flowered earlier when plants received in excess of 400 E∙m−2 cumulative photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Two out of three cultivars grown at 17 °C night temperature which received 443 E∙m−2 natural lighting or 341 E∙m−2 natural plus 102 E∙m−2 high pressure sodium lighting (HPS) over a 4-wk period following transplanting flowered earlier. Flowering was accelerated by 2 wks when a total of 920 E∙m−2 cumulative PAR (726 E∙m−2 natural plus 194 E∙m−2 HPS) was received by plants over an 8-wk period. Reducing night temperature from 17 to 13 °C delayed flowering by 2 wk. Supplementary HPS irradiation for 6–8 wk overcame the delay in flowering induced by low night temperature and produced compact plants with more shoots.

scholarly journals Variation in Floral Induction Requirements of Hibiscus sp.

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Warner ◽  
John E. Erwin
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Plant Form ◽  
Incandescent Lamps ◽  
Ornamental Species

Thirty-six Hibiscus L. species were grown for 20 weeks under three lighting treatments at 15, 20, or 25 ± 1.5 °C air temperature to identify flowering requirements for each species. In addition, species were subjectively evaluated to identify those species with potential ornamental significance based on flower characteristics and plant form. Lighting treatments were 9 hour ambient light (St. Paul, Minn., November to May, 45 °N), ambient light plus a night interruption using incandescent lamps (2 μmol·m-2·s-1; 2200 to 0200 hr), or ambient light plus 24-hour supplemental lighting from high-pressure sodium lamps (100 μmol·m-2·s-1). Five day-neutral, six obligate short-day, six facultative short-day, three obligate long-day, and one facultative long-day species were identified. Fifteen species did not flower. Temperature and lighting treatments interacted to affect leaf number below the first flower and/or flower diameter on some species. Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern, H. cisplatinus St.-Hil., H. radiatus Cav., and H. trionum L. were selected as potential new commercially significant ornamental species.

scholarly journals Gibberellin, Light, and Low-temperature Effects on Flowering of Aquilegia

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1422-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. White ◽  
H. Chen ◽  
D.J. Beattie
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Pot Plants

Aquilegia ×hybrida `Bluebird' and `Robin', grown as greenhouse pot plants, initiated flower buds before cold exposure (4.5C) under supplemental high-pressure sodium lamps in mid-December, 5.5 months from sowing. Low temperature was the primary environmental factor that affected floral development in `Bluebird'. As the length of the cold exposure increased, the time between appearance of visible buds, anthesis, and petal shattering decreased, as did inflorescence number and total flower number per plant. Gibberellic acid (GA3) at 100 or 200 mg·liter-1 accelerated the appearance of visible buds during forcing in treatments without cold exposure. Soil drench applications of GA3 2 weeks before cold treatment accelerated floral development more than GA3 applied after cold exposure. Inflorescence number and total flower number per plant were reduced by 4 or 8 weeks but not by 2 weeks of exposure to cold. The developmental rate of “Robin', i.e., appearance of visible buds and anthesis, was quicker in plants with 18 to 20 leaves than in those with 12 to 14 leaves.

scholarly journals Photoperiod and Temperature Interact to Affect Gomphrena globosa L. and Salvia farinacea Benth. Development

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 502B-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Warner ◽  
J.E. Erwin ◽  
R. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Gomphrena Globosa ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
Incandescent Lamps

Gomphrena globosa L. `Gnome Pink' and Salvia farinacea Benth. `Victoria Blue' were grown under different photoperiod treatments with day and night temperatures ranging from 15 to 30°C ± 1°C air temperature for 14 weeks after germination or until anthesis. Days to anthesis and leaf number were lowest when plants were grown under 9 hr of daylight and daylight plus 4-hr day extension from 1700–2100 HR (100 μmol·m–2·s–1 from high-pressure sodium lamps) for Gomphrena and Salvia, respectively. Days to anthesis decreased as temperature increased from 15 to 25°C with Gomphrena. Further increasing night temperature from 25 to 30°C delayed flowering and increased leaf number below the first flower of Gomphrena, but hastened flowering of Salvia. Plant height and internode elongation were greatest and least in the night interruption (2 μmol·m–2·s–1 from incandescent lamps from 2200–0200 HR) and continuous light (daylight plus 100 μmol·m–2·s–1 from high-pressure sodium lamps) treatments, respectively. Implications of these data with respect to classification of Gomphrena and Salvia flower induction are discussed and revised production schedules are presented.

scholarly journals Day/Night Temperature Affects Growth and Photosynthesis of Cultivated Salvia Taxa

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Todd Lasseigne ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Eight taxa of Salvia L., representing broad geographic origin and diversity within the genus, were grown under long day conditions for 36 d at 15-h days of 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 °C and 9-h nights of 15 or 25 °C. Taxa of European origin displayed broader tolerance to high day temperatures (DTs) with the lowest relative reduction in growth and net photosynthesis (Pn) occurring at DTs 30 °C or greater compared with those native to North and South America. Salvia splendens Sell. ex Roem. & Schult. (scarlet sage) was particularly intolerant of high temperatures with all plants dying at days of 40 °C. All plants of S. nemorosa L.‘Ostfriesland’ (‘Ostfriesland’ wood sage), S. pratensis L. (meadow sage), and S. × sylvestris L. ‘Mainacht’ (‘May Night’ salvia) survived at days of 40 °C with no visual signs of injury, whereas all other taxa except S. splendens exhibited stunted, contorted growth with foliar chlorosis and necrosis at 40 °C. Day temperature exerted the primary effect on top growth, root growth, and Pn of all taxa. Night temperature effects were significant for some taxa but were of less importance than day temperature.

scholarly journals Intermittent Light from a Rotating High-pressure Sodium Lamp Promotes Flowering of Long-day Plants

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Blanchard ◽  
Erik S. Runkle
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Intermittent Light ◽  
Rudbeckia Hirta ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Sodium Lamp ◽  
High Pressure Sodium Lamp

A technology for long-day (LD) lighting was evaluated for commercial production of ornamentals using a stationary high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamp with an oscillating aluminum parabolic reflector (rotating HPS lamp). We performed an experiment with four LD species (Campanula carpatica Jacq., Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet, Petunia ×hybrida Vilm.-Andr., and Rudbeckia hirta L.) to compare the efficacy of a rotating HPS lamp in promoting flowering with night-interruption (NI) lighting using incandescent (INC) lamps. Seedlings were grown under natural short-day (SD) photoperiods (12 h or less) and NI treatments were delivered from a 600-W rotating HPS lamp mounted at one gable end of the greenhouse or from INC lamps that were illuminated continuously for 4 h or cyclically for 6 min every 30 min for 4 h. Plants were grown at lateral distances of 1, 4, 7, 10, or 13 m from the rotating HPS lamp, which provided a maximum photosynthetic photon flux of 25.4 μmol·m−2·s−1 (at 1 m) to 0.3 μmol·m−2·s−1 (at 13 m). Control plants were grown under an uninterrupted 15-h skotoperiod. Within 16 weeks, 80% or greater of the plants within each species that received NI lighting had a macroscopic visible flower bud or inflorescence, whereas all species but Petunia ×hybrida remained vegetative under the SD. Flowering of all species grown at 13 m from the rotating HPS lamp was delayed by 14 to 31 d compared with those under continuous INC. The weekly operational costs to provide NI lighting to a 139-m2 greenhouse with one 600-W rotating HPS lamp or a standard cyclic INC lamp installation was estimated to be 80% to 83% lower compared with INC lighting for the entire 4-h NI. These results indicate that a rotating HPS lamp can be used to efficiently deliver LD lighting, but flowering time was delayed and flower number reduced in some species when the maximum NI light intensity was less than 2.4 μmol·m−2·s−1.

scholarly journals When Authenticity Goes Missing: How Monocultural Children’s Literature Is Silencing the Voices and Contributing to Invisibility of Children from Minority Backgrounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Helen Adam
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Day Care Centres ◽  
Book Collections ◽  
The Impact

The importance of recognising, valuing and respecting a child’s family, culture, language and values is central to socially just education and is increasingly articulated in educational policy worldwide. Inclusive children’s literature can support children’s human rights and contribute to equitable and socially just outcomes for all children. However, evidence suggests many educational settings provide monocultural book collections which are counterproductive to principles of diversity and social justice. Further, that educators’ understandings and beliefs about diversity can contribute to inequitable provision and use of diverse books and to inequitable outcomes of book sharing for many children. This paper reports on a larger study investigating factors and relationships influencing the use of children’s literature to support principles of cultural diversity in the kindergarten rooms of long day care centres. The study was conducted within an ontological perspective of constructivism and an epistemological perspective of interpretivism informed by sociocultural theory. A mixed methods approach was adopted, and convergent design was employed interpret significant relationships and their meanings. Twenty-four educators and 110 children from four long day care centres in Western Australia participated. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, video-based observations, field notes, document analysis and a book audit. This study firstly identified that current book collections in kindergarten rooms of long day care centres promote mono-cultural viewpoints and ‘othering’ of minority groups through limited access to books portraying inclusive and authentic cultural diversity. Secondly, that educators had limited understandings of the role of literature in acknowledging and valuing diversity and rarely used it to promote principles of diversity, resulting in a practice of “othering” those from minority group backgrounds. The key challenges which emerged from the study concerned beliefs, understanding and confidence of educators about diversity and inclusion, and the impact of these on their approaches to promoting principles of diversity through the use of children’s books. This research contributes to discussion on the value of children’s literature in achieving international principles of diversity. These findings have important social justice implications. The outcomes of this study have implications for educators, policy makers, early childhood organisations and those providing higher education and training for early childhood educators.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document