scholarly journals Postharvest Moisture Loss from Bare-root Roses Affects Performance of Containerized Plants

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula K. Schuch ◽  
H. Brent Pemberton ◽  
Jack J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Moisture Determination ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Drying Conditions

Five cultivars of bare-root rose plants were exposed to increasing periods of drying and after rehydration were grown in containers until flowering in a plastic-covered greenhouse. At the start of the experiment, moisture content of well-hydrated roses was between 51% and 56%. Five or 7 h of drying resulted in moisture contents below 43% for four of the cultivars and caused up to 80% mortality, increased time to flower, and decreased the number of flowering shoots. ‘First Prize’ was most tolerant of drying conditions and all plants survived, whereas ‘Mister Lincoln’ plants were most susceptible and had poor regrowth performance. Whole-plant moisture of ‘Mister Lincoln’ was similar to that in the stem or shank, which means that aboveground components instead of the entire plant can be used for moisture determination.

scholarly journals Effect of Hardening to drought Tolerance on the Moisture Content of Sunflower Plant. III. Moisture Percentage in Whole Plant

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 888-894
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Original Weight ◽  
Moisture Percentage ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Plant Moisture Content

The study was conducted during spring seasons of 2000 and 2001.The aim was to study the changes in the moisture content of sunflower plants during growth stages under hardening conditions to drought tolerance .Agricultural practices were made according to recommendation. Asplit-split plots design was used with three replications. The main plots included irrigation treatments:irrigation to100%(full irrigation),75and50%of available water. The sub plots were the cultivars Euroflor and Flame.The sub-sub plots represented four seed soaking treatments: Control (unsoaked), soaking in water ,Paclobutrazol solution(250ppm),and Pix solution(500ppm). The soaking continued for 24 hours then seeds were dried at room temperature until they regained their original weight. Amount of water for each irrigation were calculated to satisfy water depletion in soil using a neutron meter. Results indicated that plant moisture content was not affected by irrigation treatments in both seasons and as a mean of seasons ,except after 72 days from planting in the season 2000.when stress 800 Kp caused a decreased in moisture content by 4.55and 5.18% compared with full irrigation and stress 600 Kp, respectively. Euroflor was superior over Flame after 30 days from planting by 13.64% in the season of 2000 and by 6.23% as a mean of seasons , and by 2.80% after 86 days from planting in the season of 2001.While Flame was superior by 2.75% after 58 days from planting in the season of 2001. Soaking in water , paclobutrazol and pix solutions increased plant moisture content by 4.56,3.92 and 3.82% after 86 days from planting in the season 2000 , soaking in water and paclobutrazol solution increased plant moisture content by 2.61 and 2.62% as amean of seasons compared with unsoaked treatment. In conclusion, soaking the seeds presowing in water or plant growth regulators could improve water relations of plants , and increase moisture content in plants tissues especially during flowering and seed filling , when the water requirements increased and associated with high temperature in spring season in Iraq.

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WHOLE-PLANT MOISTURE, GRAIN MOISTURE, DRY MATTER YIELD, AND QUALITY OF WHOLE-PLANT CORN SILAGE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. DAYNARD ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Plant Moisture Content

Identical experiments were conducted at the Elora Research Station, near Guelph, Ontario in 1970 and 1971 with the objective of determining the relationships among whole-plant dry matter (DM) yield, whole-plant moisture content, and grain moisture content of corn (Zea mays L.) during the later part of the growing season. Each experiment involved eight commercial hybrids representative of the range in maturity, endosperm type, lodging resistance, and grain yield potential of corn hybrids grown commercially in central Ontario. The hybrids were sampled at weekly intervals over an 8-wk period beginning approximately 1 September; the sampled plants were divided into their leaf, stalk, husk, ear and grain components and oven-dried. Fresh and dry weights were used to calculate dry matter (DM) yields and "at harvest" moisture contents of the various components, and of the entire plant. Averaged across the eight hybrids, maximum DM yield was attained at whole-plant moisture content of 66–70%, and a grain moisture content of 45–50%. Among hybrids, 66% whole-plant moisture corresponded to a range in grain moisture content from 41 to 47%. Two additional experiments were grown also at Elora in 1970 and 1971 to evaluate the effects of harvest date on the DM yield and in vitro digestibility of corn plants and their component plant parts. Each experiment involved four representative commercial hybrids which were sampled at four equal time intervals during the month of September, and divided into grain, cob, husks (including shank) and stover (including leaves, leaf sheaths, stalks and tassels) for dry weight and in vitro digestibility measurement. Whole-plant DM digestibility was essentially constant over a range of whole-plant moisture from 76 to 56% in 1970, and from 76 to 64% in 1971. The consistency of whole-plant digestibility was the result of compensating changes in component yield and digestibility. A decrease in the digestibility of the stover, husks and cob with delayed harvest was compensated for by an increase in the proportion of grain in the whole-plant yield.

scholarly journals Dry Matter Estimation of Standing Corn with Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-781
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Digman ◽  
Jerry H. Cherney ◽  
Debbie J. Cherney
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Moisture

HIGHLIGHTSQuadratic relationships were established to relate ear moisture or stover moisture to whole plant moisture, and they explained 90% and 84% of whole plant moisture, respectively. Based on our observations, the moisture content of a corn field can be estimated within +1% w.b. in 19 out of 20 fields by sampling 5-10 plants. The calibration offered by SCiO was successful at predicting oven-dried moisture content based on traditional NIRS metrics of R2 = 0.92, RMSE = 3.6, RPD = 3.2, and RER = 15. However, the 95% prediction bands were +6.9% w.b., which would indicate little utility in estimating ear moisture content. Based on a prediction model that was developed using the data collected for this study, a significant instrument-to-instrument bias was observed, indicating the necessity of including multiple SCiO devices in calibration spectra collection. ABSTRACT. Determining the appropriate time to harvest whole-plant corn is an essential factor driving the successful preservation via anaerobic fermentation (ensiling). The current options for timely on-farm monitoring of corn moisture in the field include selecting a set of representative plants, chopping and drying a subsample, or harvesting a portion of the field using a harvester equipped with an on-board moisture sensing system. Both methods are time-consuming and expensive, limiting their practicality for harvest decision-making. This work’s objective was to develop a practical solution that utilizes the moisture content of the ear to estimate whole-plant moisture. An improvement of this method was also considered that utilized a hand-held near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) device to predict ear moisture in situ. Based on the data collected during this work, a quadratic relationship was developed where ear moisture explained 90% of the variability in whole-plant corn moisture. However, based on our observations, the hand-held NIRS evaluated would have little utility in predicting whole-plant corn moisture with either the calibration developed here or provided by the manufacturer. The manufacturer’s prediction model yielded the best result with an R2 of 0.92, and a ratio of performance to deviation of 3.19. However, the 95% prediction band was +6.85% w.b. Finally, we determined that for a corn field uniform in appearance, sampling five to ten plants is likely to provide a reasonable estimate of field moisture. Keywords: Corn silage, Forage analysis, Harvest timing, Moisture content, NIRS.

scholarly journals Design and Construction of a Soil Moisture Measuring

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
A. A. Ijah ◽  
O. W. Bolaji ◽  
O. O. Adedire ◽  
J. Z. Emmanuel ◽  
N. E. Onwuegbunam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Voltage Regulator ◽  
Moisture Determination ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Design And Construction

A digital soil moisture reader was constructed and tested. It uses a lipo battery of 9v which was regulated to a constant 5v with the help of a voltage regulator 7805. The digital soil moisture reader developed was tested and the result obtained was compared with that obtained using the gravimetric method of determining soil moisture contents. In determining the soil moisture content, a certain quantity of soil was collected and a particular volume of water was added incrementally. The result shows that the soil moisture reader is accurate. The evaluation was carried out using the gravimetric method of soil moisture determination as a basis of comparison. Nine samples of 50g of soli were collected from Federal College of Forestry Mechanization Farm and a certain amount of water was added incrementally during the process of determining the soil moisture content. The soil reader was calibrated using the gravimetric method which shows a regression coefficient R^2 of 0.986 which indicates that the soil reader is accurate, sensitive and reliable.

CYTOSPORA CANKER OF POPLARS: THE MOISTURE RELATIONS AND ANATOMY OF THE HOST

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1281-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bloomberg
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cytospora Chrysosperma ◽  
Two Hybrid

A comparison was made between Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray, P. × canadensis Moench 'Regenerata', and P. × canadensis 'Robusta Bachelieri' with respect to shoot moisture relations and anatomy. The two hybrid varieties had slower rates of moisture loss and had higher wood moisture contents throughout most of the year than P. trichocarpa. The bark and wood moisture content of the three varieties was lower during dormancy than in the growing season. The upper region of the shoots had lower bark and wood moisture contents than the basal region during dormancy, but the reverse was true in summer. In all varieties, there was a significant positive correlation between wood and bark moisture content. Compared with P. trichocarpa, the two hybrids had larger piths, wider vessels, longer phloem rays, wider sieve tube zones, and thicker periderms; P. 'Robusta' had fewer lenticels. The upper region of the shoots had a wider pith, thicker bark, thinner periderm, and more lenticels than the basal region. The differences in moisture relations and anatomy of the three varieties suggest an explanation for the observed greater resistance to canker disease caused by Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr. in the hybrids than in P. trichocarpa.

scholarly journals The Determination of Moisture in Parchment Coffee and Green Coffee Beans with a Dielectric-type Moisture-Meter

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-193
Author(s):  
D. S. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Moisture Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Green Coffee ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Moisture Meter

1. It is necessary for all those concerned with the production, processing, and handling of seedlike products such as coffee parchment and green coffee to have available a method for the rapid and simple determination of moisture content. 2. A review of the literature indicates that much work has been done on the moisture determination of the seed of commerce of the Temperate regions, but little information exists concerned with the moisture determination of coffee. 3. As an initial step in setting up a program to investigate methods of coffee-processing it was necessary to establish a quick, simple, and accurate method of moisture determination. Investigations by others indicated that the Kappa moisture-meter, manufactured by Messrs. Kappa Moisture Meter Ltd., U. K., was probably the most suitable instrument available for this purpose. 4. It was decided to use a distillation method as the primary means of establishing the relationship between the moisture content of the material and the meter reading. It was found that it was not only necessary to determine the meter reading but also the weight of the sample and the ambient temperature if reliable results were to be obtained. 5. The Kappa moisture-meter was calibrated both for coffee parchment and green coffee over the widest possible range of moisture contents likely ever to be encountered. 6. All the results were statistically evaluated. It was found that, if the weight of the sample and the ambient temperature were taken into consideration, the standard deviation from the regression or the standard error of estimate for both parchment and green coffee were very comparable to similar values obtained for other dielectric moisture-meters used for moisture determination in wheat over a much more limited range. 7. It was found that the range of the Kappa moisture-meter was sufficient for the entire range of moisture contents considered. The divisions on the meter scale were also found to be adequately spaced, so that all readings could be made with sufficient accuracy. 8. It was observed that there was a very close relationship between the weight of a given volume of moderately compacted coffee parchment and its moisture content. This relationship could perhaps form the basis of a cheap, simple way for roughly evaluating the moisture content of parchment coffee which would be sufficiently accurate for farm use. 9. It was considered that the most convenient method of determining the moisture content from the Kappa meter-reading, the sample weight, and the ambient temperature, is by means of a four-variable addition-type alignment chart or nomogram. 10. Though the linear regression equations established for Kappa moisture- meter, Serial No. 7755, are unlikely to be applicable to other moisturemeters of the same type, additional meters required can be calibrated from this original meter instead of by more tedious primary methods.

scholarly journals Physiological behaviour of Blepharocalyx salicifolius and Casearia decandra seeds on the tolerance to dehydration

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suelen Santos Rego ◽  
Antonio Carlos Nogueira ◽  
Antonio Carlos de Souza Medeiros ◽  
Carmen Lúcia de Oliveira Petkowicz ◽  
Álvaro Figueredo dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Potassium Acetate ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Germination Vigor ◽  
Drying Conditions

The present work aimed to develop studies on the tolerance to dehydration of Blepharocalyx salicifolius and Casearia decandra seeds. In order to verify the effect of drying on the seeds, they were placed in desiccators containing a saline solution saturated with potassium acetate (23.5% RH) at temperature of 15 °C. After obtaining the desired moisture contents, the seeds were submitted to the germination, vigor, tetrazolium and electrical conductivity tests. It can be concluded that under slow drying conditions, the seeds of B. salicifolius and C. decandra were sensitive to moisture reduction of 29% to 25%, and lost viability at around 14% and 8% of moisture content, respectively. The physiological changes occurring during seed drying showed there was a decrease in viability and vigor and an increase in electrical conductivity values starting at 25% seed moisture content.

DIFFERENCES IN DROUGHT RESISTANCE BETWEEN COASTAL AND INLAND SOURCES OF DOUGLAS FIR

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1651-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Pharis ◽  
William K. Ferrell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Drought Resistant

By two drought-hardiness tests, "time to death" and "soil-moisture content at the death point", Douglas-fir seedlings from three coastal sources were shown to be less drought resistant than those from five inland sources. Lethal needle-moisture contents, although not a proved test of drought hardiness, tend to confirm this conclusion. In addition, these lethal needle-moisture values, useful as an index of whole plant viability, were established for the various sources. Two of the coastal sources differed from five inland sources in the level of this value, but the lethal points for two other sources from the Oregon Cascade Range were similar to the five inland sources. Needle moisture appears to be a workable index for determining the whole plant viability except when the plant is very close to its time of death. Plants could also be classified into coastal and inland groups on the basis of their needle moisture under well-watered conditions, with the exception of seedlings from the Arizona source which are like the coastal group.

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG HYBRID MATURITY, ENVIRONMENT, DRY MATTER YIELD AND MOISTURE CONTENT OF WHOLE-PLANT CORN

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. LeDREW ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD ◽  
J. F. MULDOON
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Maturity Rating

Seven field experiments were conducted in 1975 and 1976 to investigate, under Ontario conditions, the influence of environment and hybrid maturity-by-environment interactions on (1) percent whole-plant and grain moisture at the time of maximization of whole-plant dry matter (DM) yield, and (2) the degree of coincidence of the dates of attainment of maximum whole-plant and grain DM yields. Each experiment involved three hybrids of each of three maturity classes which were harvested periodically during the maturation period. Quadratic regression equations were computed between whole-plant DM yield, percent whole-plant moisture, percent grain moisture, and days after July 31, and from these, estimates were made of maximum yields, dates of attainment of these maxima, and of percent whole-plant and grain DM on these dates of maximization. With the exception of one experiment which was affected by drought stress, whole-plant DM yield tended to increase with seasonal corn heat unit (CHU) accumulation (i.e., CHU from planting to first frost) across the seven experiments, and with increases in the CHU-maturity rating of the various hybrids. Percent whole-plant moisture at which forage DM maximized decreased as seasonal CHU accumulation increased and ranged from 58 to 69%. Percent grain moisture on date of maximization of whole-plant DM was affected by both seasonal CHU accumulation and hybrid maturity rating, and ranged from 25% for low-CHU hybrids in a high-CHU environment to 52% for the converse. Percent whole-plant moisture relative to percent grain moisture on date of attainment of maximum forage DM decreased at a rate of about 1% for each 100 CHU increase in hybrid maturity rating. Because of the large uncertainty in prediction of dates of attainment of maximum whole-plant versus grain DM yield, we were unable to answer with confidence the question as to whether the temporal difference between the two varied with seasonal CHU accumulation or hybrid maturity rating.Key words: Zea mays, forage, yield, moisture content

scholarly journals Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium) Flowers’ Drying Conditions for Optimum Extractable Pyrethrins Content

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
H. O. Otieno ◽  
D. K. Kariuki ◽  
J. M. Wanjohi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Drying Conditions

Pyrethrum flowers of the genus Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium are grown in Kenya by small scale farmers for extraction of pyrethrins, a natural insecticide’s active ingredient. Pyrethrins are classified in two groups, Pyrethrins I and II, and are degradable when exposed to air, moisture and high temperatures. The contents and ratio of Pyrethrins I:II determine the efficacy of the insecticide. Therefore, drying of the pyrethrum flowers should be optimized in order to attain maximum extractable pyrethrins content and optimum ratio. The aim of this research was to optimize the drying temperatures, time and moisture content of pyrethrum flowers. The flowers were harvested and dried at varying temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC to total dryness. Another set of flowers were harvested and dried in the oven at the same temperatures for a maximum period of 18 hrs. Moisture content was determined at each temperature, at intervals of one hour. The dried flowers were then ground into fine powder and extracted using Soxhlet extraction method with hexane. The extracts were refined and analyzed by Mercury reduction and High Performance Liquid Chromatographic methods. Pyrethrum flowers were found to achieve maximum moisture loss, at varying times and temperature with 70 ºC recording the shortest time of 18 hrs. The yield of pyrethrins obtained on drying the flowers to constant weight at 40 ºC was 0.90% while drying for 18 hrs yielded 0.79%. Extractable Pyrethrins II were found to reduce by 8.6% when the drying temperature was raised from 50 to 60 ºC and by 11.3% from 60 to 70 ºC. Extractable Pyrethrins I were found to reduce by 6% when the drying temperature was raised from 50 to 60 ºC and by 5% from 60 to 70 ºC. The total pyrethrins obtained from the flowers dried at 50 ºC were found to be 1.37% at 18 hrs and 1.44% to constant weight drying. The pyrethrins I:II ratio was found to vary over the temperature range 40-70OC.The optimum temperature and time for drying pyrethrum flowers was found to be 50 ºC for 21 hrs.

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