Penggunaan Air Kelapa Muda Sebagai Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Terhadap Daya Kecambah, Vigoritas, Berat Kering Biji Tanaman Kelor (Moringa oleifera)

The more common methode for planting moringa plant is using seed, because this plant produces a lot of seeds. However, the resulting seeds have a hard enaugh seed coat so that. These conditions can affect and even thwart germination, vigor and growth of the plant. This Study aims to determine the proper dosage of young coconut water to be used in growing moringa seeds, so that later it become a recommendation for formers in the development of moringa plants. This research was conducted using a green house and laboratory scale method with the media that had been prepared for germination obsevations were carried out for two weeks to obtain data according to the observed parameters which included capacity, Vigority and dryweight of moringa plants. The result of the analysis of variety showed that the concentration of young coconut water had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the germination, vigor and dryweight of moringa plants. Likewise, the interaction between immersion time and coconut water concentration had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the observed variables. This situation is due to the fact that not all moringa seeds undergo the imbibition process properly so that they effect the observed variables.

Role of nanosilicab to boost the activities of metabolites in Triticum aestivum facing drought stress

Drought stress is a threat to agriculture which is decreasing the yield of crops and creating a considerable loss. This research focused on the part played by silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs), biofertilizers, and nanosilicab on Triticum aestivum under control and drought stress. Nanosilicab enhanced the germination percentage, germination index, and germination vigor index by 23.07%, 14.49% and, 93.10% under control and 14.42%, 10.52%, and 46.15% under drought. In the pot experiment, the soil was treated with 150 mg/kg SiO2 NPs, 1% biofertilizer and, 1% nanosilicab before sowing. Nanosilicab increased shoot length and root length by 9.39%, 10.76%, 22.41%, 18.76%, 30.58%, and, 21.56% under control and drought stress conditions. It also increased photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes content, relative water content, membrane stability index, phenol, and flavonoid content. The increase in antioxidant activity was significantly high by the application of nanosilicab i.e. the augmentation in catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase was 68.65%, 83.69% and, 85.99% respectively. It also increased the indole acetic acid and cytokinin to 22.28% and 14.79% in comparison to control. The improvement in hundred grain weight and grains per spike by the use of nanosilicab was 36.25%, 38.76%, 27.47%, and 22.59% as compared to control. The positive interaction of nanosilicab with the roots of plants in the rhizosphere improved the growth of plants significantly and a potential candidate for application on crops. The novelty of this study lies in the formulation of nanosilicab and its role in drought amelioration.

Low frequency ultrasound as an enhancer for the germination process of Stizolobium pruriens

Mucuna (Stizolobium pruriens) is widely used in agriculture as a green allowance and in crop rotation, due to its ability to fix nitrogen and recover degraded areas; without embargo, there is a slow and uneven germination. This study used some classical methods, together with the use of low-frequency ultrasound to accelerate and homogenize the germination and emergence of the seeds. The experiment was carried out at the Plant Tissue Cultivation Laboratory of the Ilha Solteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil. The design used was a completely randomized one, with five replications, in a 3x6 factorial scheme, the factors being: three pre-treatments for latency break: mechanical scarification, thermal scarification, and without scarification with six levels of ultrasound exposure: 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 min, totaling 18 treatments. For eight days the germination and the initial stages of the seedlings were controlled. The method without scarification subjected to 4.5 min of ultrasound can become an excellent alternative, since it presented greater germination vigor, while 3.14 min of exposure to ultrasound were enough to improve the emergence speed, regardless of the method used in the preparation of seeds. In conclusion, only with the use of low-frequency ultrasound, it is possible to improve both the germination speed index and the germination vigor, without the need for additional treatments.

Physiological quality of parsley seeds in function of size

Parsley seeds are commercialized without classification by size during processing, unlike other crops. This classification procedure allows the standardization of seed size for high precision in sowing, disposal of unwanted material, and selection of high quality seeds. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of seed size on germination, vigor, and yield performance of two parsley cultivars. Seeds from eight lots of parsley of ‘Portuguesa’ and ‘Chacareira’ cultivar were separated into three size classes, represented by the seeds retained in the sieves of 0.84, 1.00 and 1.41mm mesh opening. After classification, seeds were evaluated in the laboratory for water content, germination percentage, first count, and thousand seed weight. In the field, the fresh and dry weight of aerial part and the final number of plants (stand) were evaluated after 78 days of sowing. The experimental design was the completely randomized design in an 8 x 3 factorial scheme (eight lots and three sieve opening) with four replicates, for both cultivars. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared using Tukey test at 5% probability level. It was concluded that the parsley seeds separated by the 1.41 mm sieves showed higher vigor, and consequently, greater success in stand establishment at the field than those separated by other sieve size. The use of sieves in the classification of parsley seeds helps in obtaining lots with superior physiological quality.

Effect of Low Temperature on Germination, Growth, and Seed Yield of Four Soybean (Glycine max L.) Cultivars

During germination at low temperatures, seeds rich in proteins may experience damage to their cytoplasmic membranes. The study aimed to investigate the influence of the germination temperature on growth, development, and yield of four cultivars of soybean, a typical thermophilic species. The seeds were germinated at 10, 15, and 25 °C in the dark. After 48 h, one part of the seeds was analyzed for their amylase and dehydrogenase activity, cell membrane permeability, and germination vigor. The other part was transferred into soil and cultivated up to yielding. Chlorophyll fluorescence, fresh (FW) and dry weight (DW) of shoots, pod and seed number, and seed DW were analyzed. The plants of cvs. ‘Abelina’, ‘Malaga’, and ‘Merlin’, germinating at low temperature, produced the highest number of seeds. Seed number negatively correlated with their DW and positively with the number of active reaction centers (RC/CSm) in all cultivars. In cvs. ‘Abelina’ and ‘Malaga’, the number of seeds also positively correlated with the index performance of photosystem II (PSII), which was the highest in all plants germinating at low temperature. We suggest cultivating cv. ‘Abelina’ in cooler regions, while cvs. ‘Petrina’ and ‘Malaga’ in warmer areas.

Action of nitric oxide on the physiological potential and biochemical mechanisms of pea seeds

Nitric oxide (NO) can act in biochemical pathways of the germination process; however, there is little information about how it acts on the performance of pea seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical effects of NO on pea seed germination and vigor. Pea seeds cv. Itapuã 600 obtained from three seed lots with different levels of physiological quality were sown in a substrate moistened with water (control) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) solution, a NO donor (50 μM), to assess germination, vigor, activity of antioxidant enzymes, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and amylase activity. NO application does not alter pea seed germination, but it increases vigor. It is more effective in seeds with lower physiological potential. In addition, NO leads to reduction in oxidative stress, favors the translocation of reserves to the embryo, and has potential for use in the treatment of pea seeds to increase seed vigor.

Skarifikasi Awal Dan Penambahan Beberapa Jenis Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Untuk Percepatan Perkecambahan Benih Kayu Kuku (Pericopsis moonianna Thw)

Scarification was the destruction of the seed coat to softening seed coat and became permeable to water and gas. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best scarification techniques, types of growth regulatory substances and the combination of scarification treatments and addition of growth regulatory substances to accelerate the germination of Pericopsis mooniana seeds. The study was conducted using factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was the scarification technique, with hot water, and broken the seed skin. The second factor was the addition of growth regulatory substances (coconut water and, bamboo shoots) shoot water and artificial growth regulatory substances Dates analyzed with variance and continued with the tukey test at 5% level. The results showed that the scarification technique by broken seed skin significant differences in the percentage of sprouts, germination, average days of germination, vigor index, number of leaves, and seedling height. The addition of growth regulatory substances did not show a significant difference in all observed variables.

Low Doses of Cuscuta reflexa Extract Act as Natural Biostimulants to Improve the Germination Vigor, Growth, and Grain Yield of Wheat Grown under Water Stress: Photosynthetic Pigments, Antioxidative Defense Mechanisms, and Nutrient Acquisition

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Cuscuta reflexa extract (CRE) on the activities of germination enzymes, seed germination vigor, biomass production, physio-biochemical attributes, and seed yield of water-stressed wheat plants. Different levels of CRE (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%), including water soaking, were used as seed priming. Water stress negatively affected the seed germination, germination enzyme activities, growth, yield, and different physio-biochemical attributes of wheat plants. Low doses of CRE (10, 20, and 30%) ameliorated the adverse effects of water stress on seed germination attributes, and activities of germination enzymes, but negative impacts were recorded at higher doses (40 and 50%) of CRE. Water-stressed wheat plants grown from seeds pre-treated with low doses of CRE also showed better growth and yield as compared with non-treated ones, and that was associated with an improvement in water relations, photosynthetic pigments, nutrient acquisition, reduced lipid peroxidation, and better antioxidative defense mechanisms. The maximum increase in seed yield was 14.77 and 12.32%, found in plants grown from seeds treated with 20% and 10% CRE, respectively. In conclusion, it is suggested that using low doses of CRE as seed priming can contribute to better wheat yield under water stress, especially in semi-arid and arid areas.