CYTOSPORA CANKER OF POPLARS: THE MOISTURE RELATIONS AND ANATOMY OF THE HOST

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1281-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bloomberg
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cytospora Chrysosperma ◽  
Two Hybrid

A comparison was made between Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray, P. × canadensis Moench 'Regenerata', and P. × canadensis 'Robusta Bachelieri' with respect to shoot moisture relations and anatomy. The two hybrid varieties had slower rates of moisture loss and had higher wood moisture contents throughout most of the year than P. trichocarpa. The bark and wood moisture content of the three varieties was lower during dormancy than in the growing season. The upper region of the shoots had lower bark and wood moisture contents than the basal region during dormancy, but the reverse was true in summer. In all varieties, there was a significant positive correlation between wood and bark moisture content. Compared with P. trichocarpa, the two hybrids had larger piths, wider vessels, longer phloem rays, wider sieve tube zones, and thicker periderms; P. 'Robusta' had fewer lenticels. The upper region of the shoots had a wider pith, thicker bark, thinner periderm, and more lenticels than the basal region. The differences in moisture relations and anatomy of the three varieties suggest an explanation for the observed greater resistance to canker disease caused by Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr. in the hybrids than in P. trichocarpa.

CYTOSPORA CANKER OF POPLARS: BARK WOUNDING IN RELATION TO CANKER DEVELOPMENT

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bloomberg ◽  
S. H. Farris
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cytospora Chrysosperma ◽  
Canker Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cytospora Canker

Cuttings of Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray, P. × canadensis Moench 'Regenerata' and P. × canadensis ‘Robusta Bachelieri’ were adjusted to three different moisture contents, then wounded by scorching the bark. The moisture treatments differed significantly in their effects on the histological responses in tissues around the scorch wounds, the greatest contrast being in the mode of tannin deposition. Lignification was also affected by moisture content; however, fewer cells were involved in lignin changes than in tannin deposition. No suberization was observed as a result of wounding. There were qualitative and quantitative differences among the poplar varieties with respect to tannin deposition.When wounds were inoculated with Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr., the growth of canker varied inversely as the number of tanniferous cells, the width of the tanniferous zone, and the number of lignified cells. The correlation with tannin deposition was much stronger than that with lignification. These findings suggested that the relationship previously observed between Cytospora canker growth and moisture content may operate partly through the mechanism of tannin deposition.

INTERNAL WATER RELATIONS OF YELLOW BIRCH AT CHALK RIVER

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Fraser ◽  
H. T. Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Internal Water ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Wilting Point

Wood moisture was measured in the butt of healthy and decadent yellow birch trees growing on various sites in the summers of 1950 and 1952. The moisture content decreased from almost 100% in May to about 60% in late June when the leaves were fully unfolded. Wood moisture was usually 5 to 15% higher in the butt of decadent trees than in healthy trees during the 2 years of investigations. It was higher in the trunk of trees on a dry site during a wet summer and on a wet site during a somewhat dry summer.Relative turgidity in leaves was measured in mature trees as well as in leaves of seedlings growing on soils with varied moisture contents. Relative turgidity was usually less during the day. During periods of drought it decreased even during the night. Exceptions observed may have been caused by leaf absorption of dew. In young birch seedlings relative turgidity values varied between 65 and 50% in soils ranging from 100 to 70% of field capacity. As the soil wilting point was approached, relative turgidity of leaves decreased to about 35%.

scholarly journals Postharvest Moisture Loss from Bare-root Roses Affects Performance of Containerized Plants

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula K. Schuch ◽  
H. Brent Pemberton ◽  
Jack J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Moisture Determination ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Drying Conditions

Five cultivars of bare-root rose plants were exposed to increasing periods of drying and after rehydration were grown in containers until flowering in a plastic-covered greenhouse. At the start of the experiment, moisture content of well-hydrated roses was between 51% and 56%. Five or 7 h of drying resulted in moisture contents below 43% for four of the cultivars and caused up to 80% mortality, increased time to flower, and decreased the number of flowering shoots. ‘First Prize’ was most tolerant of drying conditions and all plants survived, whereas ‘Mister Lincoln’ plants were most susceptible and had poor regrowth performance. Whole-plant moisture of ‘Mister Lincoln’ was similar to that in the stem or shank, which means that aboveground components instead of the entire plant can be used for moisture determination.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT OF WOOD MOISTURE CONTENT USING THE COLMAN ELECTRODE

1965 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-363
Author(s):  
W. J. Bloomberg ◽  
D. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cottonwood Trees ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Maximum Moisture Content

Colman electrodes were inserted into stem sections of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, western red cedar and black cottonwood and resistance readings were taken at wood moisture contents of 10% to 100% of maximum moisture content. In almost all the conifer sections tested, 85% or more of the readings lay within limits of ±10% moisture content about the mean curve, and over 50% were within ±5%. The variation was greater for black cottonwood. Variation was also greater in the larger than in the smaller sections. The curves for individual sections within each species had certain characteristics in common, but no two curves were identical.Resistance readings given by Colman electrodes inserted into living black cottonwood trees showed a fairly good correlation with soil moisture content when the trees were subjected to cycles of drought and watering.

Influence of moisture on rate of decay of loblolly pine root wood by Heterobasidion annosum

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Kuhlman
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Soil Block ◽  
Rate Of Decay ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Modified Soil

Root segments of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were decayed by Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. (=Fomes annosus (Fr.) Karst.) over a broad range of wood (33–317%) and soil (36–259%) moisture contents in modified soil-block tests. Maximum weight loss occurred at 50–286% wood moisture content. Decay was inhibited at wood moisture contents over 290%. Water moved rapidly into the root segments by capillarity, and some decay occurred within 2 weeks. Water uptake was faster in inoculated segments than in noninoculated segments at a soil moisture content of 172% of the 0.2 bar (1 bar = 100 kPa) moisture content.

CYTOSPORA CANKER OF POPLARS: FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISEASE

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1271-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bloomberg
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Cytospora Chrysosperma ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Cytospora Canker

The effects of shoot moisture content, region of shoot, age of shoot, temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisture content on the development of cankers caused by Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr. were studied in Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray, P. × canadensis Moench 'Regenerata', and P. × canadensis 'Robusta Bachelieri'. Within the range studied, canker growth varied proportionally with temperature, and inversely with shoot moisture content, relative humidity, and soil moisture content. Canker growth was greater in P. trichocarpa than in the two hybrids, which did not differ significantly from each other. Canker growth was less in 8-month-old than in 10- and 12-month-old shoots of the hybrids, but cankers on P. trichocarpa showed no differences in this respect. The critical bark moisture deficit for infection was least in P. trichocarpa, intermediate in P. 'Regenerata', and greatest in P. 'Robusta'. The critical bark moisture deficit was greater, and the incubation period was shorter, in the upper part than in the lower part of the shoot.

Examination of moisture content variation within an operational wet deck

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENCE SCHIMLECK ◽  
KIM LOVE-MYERS ◽  
JOE SANDERS ◽  
HEATH RAYBON ◽  
RICHARD DANIELS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
International Paper ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Moisture Variation

Many forest products companies in the southeastern United States store large volumes of roundwood under wet storage. Log quality depends on maintaining a high and constant wood moisture content; however, limited knowledge exists regarding moisture variation within individual logs, and within wet decks as a whole, making it impossible to recommend appropriate water application strategies. To better understand moisture variation within a wet deck, time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to monitor the moisture variation of 30 southern pine logs over an 11-week period for a wet deck at the International Paper McBean woodyard. Three 125 mm long TDR probes were inserted into each log (before the deck was built) at 3, 4.5, and 7.5 m from the butt. The position of each log within the stack was also recorded. Mixed-effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine moisture variation over the study period. Moisture content varied within the log, while position within the stack was generally not significant. The performance of the TDR probes was consistent throughout the study, indicating that they would be suitable for long term (e.g., 12 months) monitoring.

The Smoulder Stream of Cigarettes / Zur Kenntnis des Glimmstromes von Cigaretten

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Seehofer ◽  
W. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cigarette Paper ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe phenomenon of the smoulder stream flowing through the cigarette during smouldering and during the puff intervals is demonstrated for the first time and its dependence upon physical conditions is examined. The volume of the smoulder stream can amount up to 180 ml per cigarette. Increasing draw resistance of the cigarette and augmenting moisture content of the tobacco as well as perforation of the cigarette paper have a decreasing effect on volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The porosity of the cigarette paper has no perceptible influence. The spatial position of the cigarette affects volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The influence exercised by the smoulder stream on the yields of total condensate, nicotine, phenols, aldehydes, and acroleine when the cigarette tip is open during the puff intervals is determined. When the moisture contents of the tobacco were extremely high, yield decreases reaching 50 % could be observed.

Developing a Linearization Method to Determine Optimum Blending for Surimi with Varied Moisture Contents Using Linear Programming

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon W. Park ◽  
Jae W. Park ◽  
Won B. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Linearization Method ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Critical Moisture

AbstractNovel algorithm to determine the least cost formulation of a surimi blend was developed using linear programming (LP). Texture properties and the unit cost of surimi blend at the target moisture content were used as constraint functions and the objective function, respectively. The mathematical models to describe the moisture content dependence of the ring tensile properties were developed using critical moisture content, and the model parameters were used for the least cost LP (LCLP) model. The LCLP model successfully predicted the quality of surimi blend. Sensitivity analysis was used to obtain an additional information when the perturbations of design variables are provided. A standard procedure to determine the least cost formulation for blending surimi with varied moisture contents was systematically developed.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Softening Characteristics of Sandstone and Mudstone in Relation to Moisture Content

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-chen Li ◽  
Chong-chong Qi ◽  
Yuan-tian Sun ◽  
Xiao-lin Tang ◽  
Bao-quan Hou
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Surface Porosity ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Dynamic Finite Element ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Underground Roadway ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of fluid-solid coupling during immersion is an important topic of investigation in rock engineering. Two rock types, sandstone and mudstone, are selected in this work to study the correlation between the softening characteristics of the rocks and moisture content. This is achieved through detailed studies using scanning electron microscopy, shear tests, and evaluation of rock index properties during exposure to different moisture contents. An underground roadway excavation is simulated by dynamic finite element modeling to analyze the effect of moisture content on the stability of the roadway. The results show that moisture content has a significant effect on shear properties reduction of both sandstone and mudstone, which must thus be considered in mining or excavation processes. Specifically, it is found that the number, area, and diameter of micropores, as well as surface porosity, increase with increasing moisture content. Additionally, stress concentration is negatively correlated with moisture content, while the influenced area and vertical displacement are positively correlated with moisture content. These findings may provide useful input for the design of underground roadways.

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