scholarly journals Gas Exchange of Apple and Blackberry Leaves Treated with a Kaolin Particle Film on Adaxial, Abaxial, or Both Leaf Surfaces

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1177-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Privé ◽  
Lindsay Russell ◽  
Anita LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Residue Level ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Leaf Residue ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Kaolin particle films are used as a means of pest control in some commercial apple orchards in the Maritime provinces; however, no studies to date have evaluated the impact of these particle films on leaf gas exchange under the region's growing conditions. Also previously unexplored is the gas exchange response of blackberry leaves to kaolin particle films and the question of whether leaf gas exchange response varies according to the leaf surface of particle film application. A study consisting of an apple field trial and a blackberry greenhouse trial was conducted during the 2005 growing season in Bouctouche, New Brunswick, Canada, with the aims of 1) characterizing the leaf temperature and gas exchange responses [net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance (g s), intercellular CO2, and transpiration] of ‘Ginger Gold’ apple [Malus ×sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] leaves to a kaolin particle film (95% kaolin clay) applied at various leaf residue densities under the province's growing conditions, 2) characterizing the leaf temperature and gas exchange responses of ‘Triple Crown’ blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) leaves to treatment of adaxial or abaxial surfaces with the kaolin particle film at various leaf residue densities, and 3) determining whether the gas exchange response of apple and blackberry leaves to the kaolin particle film varies according to leaf temperature. Leaf gas exchange measurements were taken under conditions of ambient CO2, saturated light, moderate (apple) or high (blackberry) relative humidity levels and leaf temperatures ranging from 26 to 39 °C (apple) and 15 to 41 °C (blackberry). When the particle film was applied to both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of apple leaves at kaolin residue densities of 0.5 to 3.7 g·m−2, leaf temperature was reduced by up to 1.1 °C (P = 0.005) and g s was increased (P = 0.029) relative to leaves with trace (<0.5 g·m−2) levels of kaolin deposits. No other effects of kaolin leaf residue density on apple leaf gas exchange were found, nor were any interactions of leaf temperature × residue level (P > 0.05). When applied to a fixed area on the adaxial or abaxial surfaces of blackberry leaves at kaolin residue densities of 0.5 to 10.8 g·m−2, the particle film did not alter leaf temperature or gas exchange (P > 0.05). No interactions of leaf temperature × residue level or leaf temperature × leaf surface × residue level were found to affect blackberry leaf gas exchange (P > 0.05).

The impact of kaolin clay sprays on leaf gas exchange of Ginger Gold apple trees in New Brunswick

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 1377-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Privé ◽  
L. Russell ◽  
A. LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
The Impact

A field trial was conducted over two growing seasons in a Ginger Gold apple orchard in Bouctouche, New Brunswick, Canada to examine the impact of Surround (95% kaolin clay) on leaf gas exchange [net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 (Ci) and transpiration (E)]. In 2004, a greater rate of Pn and gs was achieved at the higher than at the lower frequency of Surround applications. This was particularly notable at leaf temperatures exceeding 35°C. In 2005, no significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences among leaf residue groupings [Trace (< 0.5 g m-2), Low (0.5 to 2 g m-2), and High (≥ 2 g m-2)] were found for the four leaf gas exchange parameters at leaf temperatures ranging from 25 to 40°C. It would appear that under New Brunswick commercial orchard conditions, the application of Surround favours or has no effect on leaf gas exchange. Key words: Surround, particle film, leaf physiology, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, transpiration

Growth during recovery evidences the waterlogging tolerance of forage grasses

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Ploschuk ◽  
A. A. Grimoldi ◽  
E. L. Ploschuk ◽  
G. G. Striker
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
The Impact

Waterlogging is a stress of increasing importance for pastures as a consequence of global climate change. We evaluated the impact of waterlogging on four forage grasses with alleged differential tolerance, emphasising not only responses during the stress but also their reported ability to recover from it. To do this, 42-day plants of Dactylis glomerata, Bromus catharticus, Festuca arundinacea and Phalaris aquatica were subjected to 15-day waterlogging, followed by a subsequent 15-day recovery period. Shoot and root growth (i.e. RGR) during both periods, in addition to net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance rates during waterlogging were assessed. Sensitivity exhibited by D. glomerata and B. catharticus during waterlogging was related to growth arrest of roots – but not of shoots – along with a progressive fall in stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis. The injury during waterlogging preceded a negligible growth of shoots and roots, only evident during recovery in both species. By contrast, P. aquatica exhibited unaltered root RGR and promoted shoot RGR with no impact on leaf gas exchange during waterlogging; whereas F. arundinacea showed intermediate tolerance as root RGR was reduced during waterlogging, with stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis and shoot RGR remaining unaffected. These latter two species fully regained shoot and root RGR during recovery. So, P. aquatica and F. arundinacea seem more suitable for prone-to-flood lowlands, whereas to be conclusive about waterlogging tolerance, it is necessary to examine plant recovery as shown in D. glomerata and B. catharticus.

Effects of competition control and annual nitrogen fertilization on gas exchange of different-aged Pinus taeda

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory T Munger ◽  
Rodney E Will ◽  
Bruce E Borders
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

To determine the importance of competition control and annual fertilization on leaf gas exchange, light-saturated net photosynthesis (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs), and internal CO2 concentration (Ci) were measured multiple times in different-aged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands growing at a Piedmont (BF Grant) and Coastal Plain (Waycross) location in Georgia, U.S.A. At both locations, competition control decreased Asat and gs (Asat from 4.53 to 4.12 µmol·m–2·s–1, gs from 0.058 to 0.050 mol·m–2·s–1 at BF Grant; Asat from 4.22 to 4.01 µmol·m–2·s–1, gs from 0.054 to 0.049 mol·m–2·s–1 at Waycross). Overall, fertilization did not have a positive impact on Asat, even though fertilization significantly increased foliar nitrogen concentration. At BF Grant, fertilization significantly decreased gs from 0.057 to 0.051 mol·m–2·s–1 and Ci from 217 to 205 µmol·mol–1. In addition, the decrease in Ci associated with fertilization became larger with stand age. At Waycross, fertilization decreased Ci from 211 to 203 µmol·mol–1 and the interaction between fertilization and stand age was significant for gs and Ci. These results indicate that silivcultural practices that increase resource availability and stand growth did not enhance leaf gas exchange.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA IRRIGAÇÃO SUPLEMENTAR COM ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS SOBRE AS TROCAS GASOSAS FOLIARES DO ALGODOEIRO

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-682
Author(s):  
Adriana Cruz de Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Flavio Batista de Araujo ◽  
Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda ◽  
Juvenaldo Florentino Canjá ◽  
Luciana Luzia Pinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
E Mail

INFLUÊNCIA DA IRRIGAÇÃO SUPLEMENTAR COM ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS SOBRE AS TROCAS GASOSAS FOLIARES DO ALGODOEIRO   ADRIANA CRUZ DE OLIVEIRA1; ANTONIO FLAVIO BATISTA DE ARAUJO2; CLAUDIVAN FEITOSA DE LACERDA3; JUVENALDO FLORENTINO CANJÁ4; LUCIANA LUZIA PINHO5 E NAARA IORRANA GOMES SOUSA6     1 Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Doutorando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Professor Titular do Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Mestrando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 6 Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O uso de águas residuárias na irrigação tem crescido como suplementação para driblar a escassez hídrica. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre as respostas das culturas sobre sua aplicação. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os impactos da irrigação suplementar com águas residuárias tratadas sobre as trocas gasosas do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L), simulando-se cenários hídricos considerados normais, seca e seca severa, na presença e ausência de NPK. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Russas – CE, em área vizinha à lagoa de estabilização da CAGECE – Companhia de Água e Esgoto do Estado do Ceará, em DBC, no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro blocos. As parcelas foram cenários hídricos (normal, seca e seca severa); a subparcela foi a suplementação ou não com água residuária tratada nos veranicos simulados; a subsubparcela foi a aplicação ou não de NPK. A cultivar utilizada foi BR 433. Aos 25 dias após a semeadura foram analisadas fotossíntese, transpiração, concentração interna de CO2 e temperatura foliar. Os cenários de seca e seca severa apresentaram pequeno impacto sobre as trocas gasosas foliares do algodoeiro. Entretanto, a irrigação suplementar reduziu a temperatura foliar e atenuou os efeitos do cenário de seca sobre a fotossíntese, independente da aplicação ou não de NPK.   Palavras-chave: Gossypium hirsutum L, Reúso de água, Seca.         OLIVEIRA, A. C. de; ARAUJO, A. F. B. de; LACERDA, C. F. de; CANJÁ, J. F.; PINHO, L. L.; SOUSA, N. I. G. INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION WITH WASTEWATER ON COTTON LEAF GAS EXCHANGE     2 ABSTRACT   The use of wastewater in irrigation has grown as a supplement to circumvent water scarcity. However, little is known about the responses of cultures to its application. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the impacts of supplementary irrigation with treated wastewater on gas exchange of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L), simulating water scenarios considered normal, drought and severe drought, in the presence and absence of NPK. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Russas - CE, in an area next to the stabilization pond of CAGECE - Companhia de Agua e Esgoto do Estado do Ceará, in DBC, in the subdivided plot scheme, with four blocks. The plots were water scenarios (normal, drought and severe drought); the subplot was supplemented or not with wastewater treated in the simulated summer days; the sub-installment was the application or not of NPK. The cultivar used was BR 433. At 25 days after sowing, photosynthesis, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration and leaf temperature were analyzed. The drought and severe drought scenarios had little impact on the cotton leaf gas exchange. However, supplementary irrigation reduced leaf temperature and attenuated the effects of drought scenario on photosynthesis, whether or not NPK was applied.   Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum L, Water reuse, Drought.

scholarly journals Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll index in guava fertirrigated with bovine biofertilizer and nitrogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e588997606
Author(s):  
Elisson Alves Santana ◽  
Francisco Eduardo dos Santos Gomes ◽  
Jackson Teixeira Lobo ◽  
Alberto de Andrade Soares Filho ◽  
Ítalo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Internal Co2 ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of fertirrigation with nitrogen and liquid bovine biofertilizer on gas exchange and leaf chlorophyll index of 'paluma' guava (Psidium guajava L.). The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments distributed in a factorial arrangement (2 × 4) referring to mineral fertilizing with N (50% and 100% of N recommended) and biofertilizer concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% of the fertirrigated volume). Variables evaluated were chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total chlorophyll indexes (Chltotal), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), net photosynthesis (A), instant carboxylation efficiency (iCE) and water use efficiency (WUE). The biofertilizer significantly affected Chl a, Chl b, Chltotal, A, gs and E, with quadratic polynomial adjustment of the results. However, there was no effect of N fertilization and interaction between the factors. Maximum index of Chltotal was 32.31 obtained with the estimated dose of 3.8% of the biofertilizer; while A, gs and E presented maximum responses of 19.09 µmol of CO2 m-2 s-1, 0.28 mol of H2O m-2 s-1 and 4.93 mmol of H2O m-2 s-1, with estimated doses of 3.6%, 3.6%, and 3.7%, respectively. Generally, liquid bovine biofertilizer applied via fertirrigation affects positively the photosynthetic responses in 'paluma' guava, however, with decreasing effects for doses above 3.8%.

scholarly journals The Lanata trichome mutation increases stomatal conductance and reduces leaf temperature in tomato

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Gasparini ◽  
Ana Carolina R. Souto ◽  
Mateus F. da Silva ◽  
Lucas C. Costa ◽  
Cássia Regina Fernandes Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Trichome Density

ABSTRACTBackground and aimsTrichomes are epidermal structures with an enormous variety of ecological functions and economic applications. Glandular trichomes produce a rich repertoire of secondary metabolites, whereas non-glandular trichomes create a physical barrier against biotic and abiotic stressors. Intense research is underway to understand trichome development and function and enable breeding of more resilient crops. However, little is known on how enhanced trichome density would impinge on leaf photosynthesis, gas exchange and energy balance.MethodsPrevious work has compared multiple species differing in trichome density, instead here we analyzed monogenic trichome mutants in a single tomato genetic background (cv. Micro-Tom). We determined growth parameters, leaf spectral properties, gas exchange and leaf temperature in the hairs absent (h), Lanata (Ln) and Woolly (Wo) trichome mutants.Key resultsShoot dry mass, leaf area, leaf spectral properties and cuticular conductance were not affected by the mutations. However, the Ln mutant showed increased carbon assimilation (A) possibly associated with higher stomatal conductance (gs), since there were no differences in stomatal density or stomatal index between genotypes. Leaf temperature was furthermore reduced in Ln in the early hours of the afternoon.ConclusionsWe show that a single monogenic mutation can increase glandular trichome density, a desirable trait for crop breeding, whilst concomitantly improving leaf gas exchange and reducing leaf temperature.HIGHLIGHTA monogenic mutation in tomato increases trichome density and optimizes gas exchange and leaf temperature

High levels of anatomical and physiological leaf plasticity of Ocotea odorifera (Lauraceae) in response to different radiation intensities

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Gabriele Marques Leme ◽  
Flavio Nunes Ramos ◽  
Fabricio José Pereira ◽  
Marcelo Polo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Fragmented Forest ◽  
Forest Interior ◽  
Leaf Plasticity

We investigated morpho-physiological plasticity in the leaves of Ocotea odorifera trees growing under different environmental conditions in a fragmented forest. Microclimatic data were collected in a pasture matrix, forest edge, and forest interior in three Atlantic Forest fragments. Leaf gas exchange, as well as leaf anatomy in paradermal and transversal sections, were evaluated in individuals in these environments. Radiation intensity and temperature had higher effects in the pasture matrix compared with the forest interior and forest edge. However, internal portions of the canopy did not exhibit significant variation in radiation or temperature. External canopy leaves exhibited higher net photosynthesis in plants from the pasture matrix, but there was higher net photosynthesis for internal leaves from the shaded forest interior. Variation in net photosynthesis and other gas-exchange parameters were related to thinner shade leaves in forest interior individuals, and internal leaves with lower stomatal density. Although the pasture matrix, forest edge, and forest interior experienced differences in light and temperature, leaf position in the canopy produced microclimatic variations, which modified gas exchange and anatomy. Thus, O. odorifera shows the potential for reforestation programs because of its high leaf plasticity, which will enable it to overcome variations in light and temperature.

Elevated CO2 increases the leaf temperature of two glasshouse-grown C4 grasses

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Siebke ◽  
Oula Ghannoum ◽  
Jann P. Conroy ◽  
Susanne von Caemmerer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
The Difference

This study investigates the effect of elevated CO2 partial pressure (pCO2)-induced stomatal closure on leaf temperature and gas exchange of C4 grasses. Two native Australian C4 grasses, Astrebla lappacea (Lindl.) Domin and Bothriochloa bladhii Kuntze, were grown at three different pCO2 (35, 70 and 120 Pa) in three matched, temperature-controlled glasshouse compartments. The difference between leaf and air temperature (ΔT) was monitored diurnally with thermocouples. ΔT increased with both step-increases of ambient pCO2. Average noon leaf temperature increased by 0.4 and 0.3°C for A. lappacea with the 35–70 and 70–120 Pa steps of pCO2 elevation, respectively. For B. bladhii, the increases were 0.5°C for both pCO2 steps. ΔT was strongly dependent on irradiance, pCO2 and air humidity. Leaf gas exchange was measured at constant temperature and high irradiance at the three growth pCO2. Under these conditions, CO2 assimilation saturated at 70 Pa, while stomatal conductance decreased by the same extent (0.58-fold) with both step-increases in pCO2, suggesting that whole-plant water use efficiency of C4 grasses would increase beyond a doubling of ambient pCO2. The ratio of intercellular to ambient pCO2 was not affected by short- or long-term doubling or near-tripling of pCO2, in either C4 species when measured under standard conditions.

Another View of Gas Exchange Model: Reflection of Leaf Surface Air to Stomatal Conductance

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Meng Hu ◽  
Shao Zhong Kang ◽  
Tai Sheng Du ◽  
Ling Tong
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Reflection Function ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Gas Exchange Process

A reflection function was established, based on leaf gas exchange process and tested with experimental data of eight kinds of plants, i.e. tomato, muskmelon, capsicum, maize, grape, onion, Haloxylon Ammodendron Bunge and Caragana Karshiskii Kom, with multifarious biological characteristic, water and growing status. The function indicated that the leaf stomatal conductance could be linearly reflected by the ratio of humidity and CO2 concentration at leaf surface, and the behaviour of its slope could be recognized as an indicator of leaf gas exchange efficiency, which had a negative relationship with leaf water use efficiency (WUE). The results maybe increase our understanding of potential influences of leaf stomatal conductance on photosynthetic and transpiration gas exchange and leaf WUE.

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