Effects of competition control and annual nitrogen fertilization on gas exchange of different-aged Pinus taeda

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory T Munger ◽  
Rodney E Will ◽  
Bruce E Borders
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

To determine the importance of competition control and annual fertilization on leaf gas exchange, light-saturated net photosynthesis (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs), and internal CO2 concentration (Ci) were measured multiple times in different-aged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands growing at a Piedmont (BF Grant) and Coastal Plain (Waycross) location in Georgia, U.S.A. At both locations, competition control decreased Asat and gs (Asat from 4.53 to 4.12 µmol·m–2·s–1, gs from 0.058 to 0.050 mol·m–2·s–1 at BF Grant; Asat from 4.22 to 4.01 µmol·m–2·s–1, gs from 0.054 to 0.049 mol·m–2·s–1 at Waycross). Overall, fertilization did not have a positive impact on Asat, even though fertilization significantly increased foliar nitrogen concentration. At BF Grant, fertilization significantly decreased gs from 0.057 to 0.051 mol·m–2·s–1 and Ci from 217 to 205 µmol·mol–1. In addition, the decrease in Ci associated with fertilization became larger with stand age. At Waycross, fertilization decreased Ci from 211 to 203 µmol·mol–1 and the interaction between fertilization and stand age was significant for gs and Ci. These results indicate that silivcultural practices that increase resource availability and stand growth did not enhance leaf gas exchange.

scholarly journals Effects of Early Release on Natural Versus Container Loblolly Pines 12 Years After Field Establishment

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Cain ◽  
James P. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Early Release ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Genetically improved, container loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were compared to naturally established loblolly seedlings on a cutover pine site. Crop pines on 6 of 12 plots were released from woody and herbaceous competition within a 2 ft radius of each stem. On release plots, woody competition was controlled by hand-cutting for 5 consecutive yr and herbaceous competition was controlled with herbicides for 4 consecutive yr after pine establishment. Competition control increased 12 yr survival by 68 percentage points for natural pines and by 47 percentage points for planted pines. Twelve years after field establishment, mean-tree volume of planted pines was no different than that of naturally established pines. Nevertheless, volume gains of 150% to 200% were achieved within regeneration techniques as a result of release. South. J. Appl. For. 26(4):173–180.

Annual fertilization and interspecific competition control: effects on in situ forest floor nitrogen fluxes of different-aged Pinus taeda stands in southeast Georgia, USA

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1802-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean F Meason ◽  
Daniel Markewitz ◽  
Rodney E Will
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
The Impact ◽  
N Flux

Forest floor organic matter in managed pine forests can accumulate large quantities of N during early stand development. The conversion of the forest floor from a net accumulator to a net source of N as stands age, however, is not well quantified, nor is the effect of management activities on this conversion process. Nitrogen flux from the forest floor of different-aged Pinus taeda L. stands (8, 12, and 14 years old) was measured to understand the impact of annual fertilization (~70 kg N·ha–1·year–1) and complete interspecific competition control on forest floor N cycling. Throughfall and forest floor leachate solutions were collected for 1 year and N mineralization assays conducted. Volume-weighted mean concentrations were used in conjunction with hydrologic fluxes to estimate the net nitrate (NO3–-N), ammonium (NH4+-N), and dissolved organic N flux from the forest floor. Complete competition control had no effect on the inorganic N flux. Changes in inorganic or organic N flux also were not discernable with stand age. Fertilization treatments, excluding fertilizer pulses, significantly increased the forest floor release of N in the fertilized stands compared with the nonfertilized stands (p < 0.05). Overall fluxes of NO3–-N and NH4+-N from the forest floor were, respectively, 2.8 and 6.2 kg N·ha–1·year–1 for fertilized stands and –1.1 and 0.9 kg N·ha–1·year–1 for nonfertilized stands. Unlike inorganic N, organic N was retained in fertilized stands as a result of large organic throughfall inputs. Nitrogen cycling through the forest floor was ~4 kg·ha–1·year–1 greater in fertilized stands. This increased N release may account for as much as 6% of average annual pine demand and thus may well enhance productivity in future years.

Four-Year Growth and Development of Planted Loblolly Pine on Sites with Competition Control

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Knowe ◽  
Larry R. Nelson ◽  
Dean H. Gjerstad ◽  
Bruce R. Zutter ◽  
Glenn R. Glover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
East Central ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract The effects of competition on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) development during the initial 4 years of a plantation were investigated on an Upper Coastal Plain site in east-central Alabama. Height and diameter response to competition control in relation to time following treatment and amount of herbaceous competition were examined. Trees on plots receiving broadcast weed control for 2 years were twice the height and diameter of trees with no weed control after 4 years, while trees receiving banded weed control for 2 years were 1.6 times taller and 1.75 times larger in diameter. Broadcast and banded 1-year treatments were 1.4 times larger in both measures.

Effects of annual fertilization and complete competition control on current annual increment, foliar development, and growth efficiency of different aged Pinus taeda stands

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1728-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney E Will ◽  
Gregory T Munger ◽  
Yujia Zhang ◽  
Bruce E Borders
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Competition Control

The effects that competing vegetation and nitrogen limitation have on the current annual increment (CAI), leaf biomass, and growth efficiency (GE) of different aged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands planted on a Piedmont and lower Coastal Plain location in Georgia, U.S.A. were determined by measuring stands receiving a factorial combination of complete interspecific competition control and annual nitrogen fertilization. At the Piedmont location, CAI increased with age (5, 10, and 12 years) as well as fertilization (7.3–9.2 Mg·ha–1) and competition control (6.8–9.6 Mg·ha–1). The effects of fertilization on leaf biomass increased with stand age (no difference at age 5 to 1.5 Mg·ha–1 difference at age 12), while the effects of competition control on leaf biomass decreased with stand age (difference of 2.5 Mg·ha–1 at age 5 to difference of 1.6 Mg·ha–1 at age 12). At the Coastal Plain location, fertilization increased CAI from 10.3 to 14.8 Mg·ha–1. Leaf biomass increased with competition control (4.9–5.5 Mg·ha–1) and fertilization (4.4–6.0 Mg·ha–1). Leaf biomass increased with stand age for the fertilized stands (5.3–7.0 Mg·ha–1 between age 7 and 13) and decreased with stand age for nonfertilized stands (4.9–4.0 Mg·ha–1 between age 7 and 13). At the Coastal Plain location, fertilization increased the GE of the age-7 stands from 2.34 to 2.86 but decreased the GE of the age-13 stands from 2.32 to 2.14. In general, GE decreased as mean tree size increased indicating that changes in GE related to treatments may be confounded with changes in tree size. Results of this experiment emphasize the importance of nutrition on stand growth as fertilization increased leaf biomass and may increase stem production per unit of foliage at early stages of development.

A comparison of methods for edge-bias compensation

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J Radtke ◽  
Harold E Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Random Arrangement ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Crown Closure ◽  
Bias Compensation

Ignoring the effects of off-plot trees on variables measured within a plot boundary may result in the under estimation problem known as edge bias. A number of edge bias compensation techniques have been proposed in the literature. Four of these were compared with the alternative of ignoring off-plot trees to determine their relative adequacy in modeling crown closure from individual tree crown measurements. Data from a spacing trial of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were used to make the comparisons. By shrinking the effective size of experimental plots, measurements of "off-plot" data were made available to compare with the results of edge-bias compensation models. Three edge-bias compensation algorithms were found to perform equivalently well: translation; reflection via a reflecting line through the edge trees; and a random arrangement of interior trees around the plot. The ability of the models to compensate for edge bias declined with stand age. Furthermore,the variability of compensation values increased with age and as plot size was reduced.

A Simple Competition Assessment System Associated with Intensive Competition Control in Natural Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Seedling Stands

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Control Study

Abstract A simple competition assessment system was evaluated as part of an intensive competition control study in a natural, even-aged stand of loblolly-short-leaf pine (Pinus taeda L.- P. echinata Mill.) seedlings in southern Arkansas. Four levels of competition control were maintained annuallyfor 3 years as follows: (1) no competition control, (2) woody competition control, (3) herbaceous competition control, and (4) total control of nonpine vegetation. The competition assessment system is based on a correlation of total height to groundline diameter (gld) for loblolly pine seedlingsthat are less than 6 ft tall. The correlation indicated that if seedling gld's are not within + 10 mm of total seedling height (in feet) multiplied by 10, then the seedlings would most likely show a positive growth response to competition control. South. J. Appl. For. 13(1):8-12.

scholarly journals A Consensus Map for Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.). I. Construction and Integration of Individual Linkage Maps From Two Outbred Three-Generation Pedigrees

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell M Sewell ◽  
Bradley K Sherman ◽  
David B Neale
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Mapping Function ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Linkage Data ◽  
Linkage Maps ◽  
Consensus Map ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A consensus map for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was constructed from the integration of linkage data from two unrelated three-generation outbred pedigrees. The progeny segregation data from restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA, and isozyme genetic markers from each pedigree were recoded to reflect the two independent populations of parental meioses, and genetic maps were constructed to represent each parent. The rate of meiotic recombination was significantly greater for males than females, as was the average estimate of genome length for males {1983.7 cM [Kosambi mapping function (K)]} and females [1339.5 cM(K)]. The integration of individual maps allows for the synthesis of genetic information from independent sources onto a single consensus map and facilitates the consolidation of linkage groups to represent the chromosomes (n = 12) of loblolly pine. The resulting consensus map consists of 357 unique molecular markers and covers ∼1300 cM(K).

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