scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis in Hedychium bousigonianum

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1487-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidou F. Sakhanokho ◽  
Kanniah Rajasekaran ◽  
Rowena Y. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Friable Callus ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Basal Salts ◽  
Primary Somatic Embryo ◽  
Better Than

An efficient primary somatic embryo (SE) and secondary somatic embryo (SSE) production system was developed for the ornamental ginger Hedychium bousigonianum Pierre ex Gagnepain. Addition of two ethylene inhibitors, salicylic acid (SA) and silver nitrate (AgNO3), to the culture media improved the system. Callus was initiated and proliferated on a medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salts supplemented with 9.05 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4.6 μM kinetin. Friable callus was transferred to a liquid medium containing MS basal salts, B5 vitamins, 0.6 μM thidiazuron, and 8.9 μM 6-benzylaminopurine to induce somatic embryogenesis. The effects of various concentrations of SA (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 μM) and AgNO3 (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 μM) on callus growth, SE, and SSE development was further evaluated. The rate of callus growth decreased as the concentrations of SA or AgNO3 increased. AgNO3 and SA at all concentrations stimulated SE and SSE development better than the control although a decrease in embryo production was observed at higher concentrations of both SA and AgNO3. The best concentrations for SA were 75 and 100 μM, whereas for AgNO3, they were 30 to 50 μM for both SE and SSE production.

Influence of auxins on somatic embryogenesis and alkaloid accumulation in Leucojum aestivum callus

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Ptak ◽  
Anna Tahchy ◽  
Edyta Skrzypek ◽  
Tomasz Wójtowicz ◽  
Dominique Laurain-Mattar
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Leucojum Aestivum ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Embryogenic Response

AbstractIn vitro cultures of Leucojum aestivum are considered as an alternative for the production of galanthamine, which is used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. We studied the effects of auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) at concentrations of 25 and 50 µM on the induction of embryogenic callus and its capacity to induce somatic embryogenesis and alkaloid accumulation. The embryogenic response of the explants was from 30% for 25 µM of dicamba to 100% for picloram (for both 25 and 50 µM). 2,4-D (50 µM) stimulated greater callus proliferation and somatic embryo induction as compared to the other auxins. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) stimulated somatic embryo maturation. Callus grown on media containing 50 µM of auxins produced fewer phenolic compounds as compared with callus grown on media containing 25 µM of auxins. GC-MS analyses showed seven alkaloids in the in vivo bulbs and two to four in callus culture. Galanthamine was detected in callus cultivated with 2,4-D (25, 50 µM), picloram (25 µM), and dicamba (50 µM). Other alkaloids, trisphaeridine, tazettine, and 11-hydroxyvittatine were accumulated only in callus growing on medium with picloram (50 µM).

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis from leaf transverse thin cell layer derived-callus of Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Vu Thi Hien ◽  
Nguyen Phuc Huy ◽  
Bui Van The Vinh ◽  
Hoang Xuan Chien ◽  
Hoang Thanh Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Transverse Thin Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

No report on plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of P. vietnamensis has been previously published. In the present study, somatic embryogenesis via callus formation from cultures of leaf transverse thin cell layers (tTCLs) of Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) was investigated. α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) were added separately and in combination into the culture media. Explant necrosis or low callogenesis rates were observed when 1-mm wide leaf tTCLs were cultured on media with TDZ, BA, 2,4-D or NAA. On the other hand, calli were successfully induced from the tTCL explants cultured on medium supplemented with either 2,4-D and BA or 2,4-D and TDZ. Callogenesis was observed under both light and dark conditions. The highest callogenesis rate (100%) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D in combination with 0.1 mg l-1 TDZ in darkness after eight weeks of culture. White calli were cut into small pieces (1.0 x 1.0 cm dimension) and placed on MS media containing 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and TDZ at various concentrations (0.01; 0.1; 0.2; and 0.5 mg l-1), and the best callus proliferation was recorded on medium containing 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg l-1 TDZ. Somatic embryogenesis, with a success rate of 53.3% and 35 embryos per explant, was achieved when calli were subcultured onto MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and 0.2 mg l-1 TDZ.

Initiation and morphological development of somatic embryoids from barley cell cultures

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1245-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Kott ◽  
K. J. Kasha
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Media ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Barley Cell

Somatic embryogenesis was induced in callus previously initiated from immature embryos of barley. These cultures ranged in age from 6 weeks to 30 months. Embryoids were readily initiated from homogenized suspension-grown aggregates when plated on modified B5 media with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Low concentrations (0.1 and 0.05 mg∙L−1) of abscisic acid promoted further maturation of embryoids, while gibberellic acid (1 mg∙L−1) and kinetin (0.1 mg∙L−1) were used in the media to encourage embryoid germination. The development of somatic embryoids from initiation through maturation and germination is described.

scholarly journals Effects of Plant Growth Regulators and Sugars on Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor. Cell Cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.T.M. Tram ◽  
N.K. Suong ◽  
L.T.T. Tien
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Friable Callus ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Background: Belonging to the Boraginacae family, Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor., called “Xa den”, is a precious medicinal plant also known as the “cancer tree” by the Muong ethnic group in Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam. Xa den has been demonstrated to inhibit the development of malignant tumors, reduce oxidation and enhance the human immune system. This research focused on examining friable callus induction from young stems of Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor. Methods: Samples of Xa den were less than two years old. Young stems with 2 to 6 leaves served as explants for callus induction. Explants placed on autoclaved B5 nutrients incubated at 25oC, in the dark. The testing factors were concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Benzyl adenine (BA), types and concentrations of sugars.Result: Friable callus was induced on B5 medium with 0.4 mg/L of 2,4-D, 0.1 mg/L of BA and 30 g/L of glucose at the highest rate (100%). Additionally, callus grew best after 5 weeks of culture weighing 0.194 g. Friable callus was used as material for cell suspension cultures. After two weeks, the Xa den cell suspension cultures contained single cells and small cell clumps. The liquid medium had changed from dark yellow to light brown.

6-BENZYLAMINOPURINE AND 2, 4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID EFFECT ON CALLUS GENESIS OF Brosimum alicastrum

Agrociencia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Angel Virgilio Domínguez May ◽  
José Augusto Nah Hau ◽  
Israel García Sheseña ◽  
Sara Luz Nahuat Dzib ◽  
José Luis Giorgana Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Effect ◽  
Brosimum Alicastrum ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Brosimum alicastrum seeds contain a high percentage of protein and essential amino acids that contribute to a proper nutrition. This tree is an alternative in the so-called crusade against hunger and its management does not involve the use of agrochemicals. The objective of this research was to evaluate the morphogenic response of foliar explants with two growth regulators, 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in the induction of calli. Results demonstrated that the combination of 1.5 mg L-1 BAP and 1 mg L-1 2,4-D (TM) and 1.5 mg L-1 BAP with 2 mg L-1 2,4-D (TN) favored callus growth in 100% of foliar explants. Calli were grown in a period of 20 d, in a culture room at 25 ± 4 °C, with 16 h of illumination. Under these conditions, calli remained in slow growth for four weeks. Those explants that generated callus were sub-cultured in fresh medium without activated charcoal. In TM and TN treatments, the multiplication of the cell mass was favored; in TN globular structures were formed. However, explants the same treatments TM and TN with activated charcoal, and under ambient 29 ± 4 °C conditions increased callus growth, but became friable at two weeks. Thus, TM and TN were the better treatments, but activated charcoal was determined to have a negative effect on callus growth.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Catalytic Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid by Nano-Scale Zero-Valent Iron Assembled on Magnetite Nanoparticles

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Lv ◽  
Yiyang Ma ◽  
Yangyang Li ◽  
Qi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Heterogeneous Fenton ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Nano Zero Valent Iron ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Better Than

Fe0@Fe3O4 nanoparticles with dispersibility and stability better than single nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) were synthesized and combined with hydrogen peroxide to constitute a heterogeneous Fenton-like system, which was creatively applied in the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The effects of different reaction conditions like pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration, temperature, and catalyst dosage on the removal of 2,4-D were evaluated. The target pollutant was completely removed in 90min; nearly 66% of them could be mineralized, and the main intermediate product was 2,4-dichlorophenol. Synergistic effects between nZVI and Fe3O4 made the 2,4-D degradation efficiency in the Fe0@Fe3O4/H2O2 system greater than in either of them alone. More than a supporter, Fe3O4 could facilitate the degradation process by releasing ferrous and ferric ions from the inner structure. The reduction of 2,4-D was mainly attributed to hydroxyl radicals including surface-bound ∙OH and free ∙OH in solution and was dominated by the former. The possible mechanism of this Fe0@Fe3O4 activated Fenton-like system was proposed.

Regeneration of Robiniapseudoacacia via somatic embryogenesis

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Merkle ◽  
A. T. Wiecko
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Secondary Embryogenesis ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Free Media

Tissue cultures were initiated from developing seeds of black locust (Robiniapseudoacacia L.) collected from three trees at weekly intervals from 1 week following anthesis until early fruit maturity. Explants were cultured on media containing 0, 2, or 4 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0 or 0.25 mg/L 6-benzyladenine. Seeds explanted onto hormone-supplemented media remained on these media for 1 or 3 weeks before being placed on hormone-free media, or were maintained on hormone-supplemented media for the entire study. Direct somatic embryogenesis was observed in a single culture, initiated from a seed collected 4 weeks after anthesis and cultured for 1 week on a medium supplemented with 4 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.25 mg/L 6-benzyladenine before transfer to basal medium. Although it could not be discerned from which part of the explant somatic embryos were derived, secondary embryogenesis continued from the radicles of cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos. Most somatic embryos were well formed, with two distinct cotyledons. Embryos germinated precociously, producing plantlets that were initially weak but later gained vigor and resembled seedlings.

Two alternative pathways of somatic embryo origin from polyembryonic mature stored seeds of Pinus koraiensis Sieb et Zucc.

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Bozhkov ◽  
I. S. Ahn ◽  
Y. G. Park
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Embryo Origin

Individual mature stored seeds of Pinus koraiensis sometimes contain several viable zygotic embryos originated through the processes of simple and cleavage polyembryony. To induce the embryonic process, isolated zygotic embryos were cultured on five different media all supplemented with 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 5 μM 6-benzyladenine. Two alternative pathways of somatic embryo origin were revealed. The first pathway was associated with the production of a friable, translucent callus in the hypocotyls–cotyledon region of the dominant zygotic embryo. The second pathway was related to the proliferation of a translucent, moist, and mucilaginous tissue (termed embryonal–suspensor mass) in the suspensor region of the dominant zygotic embryo. Both types of tissues contained early somatic embryos. Regression analysis has shown a strong negative correlation between the frequencies of formation of embryogenic callus and embryonal–suspensor mass both at 3 and 8 weeks of culture (r = − 0.85; p = 0.07 and r = −0.71; p = 0.17, respectively). Key words: Pinus koraiensis; polyembryonal seeds; somatic embryogenesis; embryogénie callus; embryonal–suspensor mass.

EFFICIENT CALLUS INDUCTION AND PLANT REGENERATION VIA SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM IMMATURE LEAF-DERIVED PROTOPLASTS OF GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.)

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perumal Venkatachalam ◽  
Narayanasamypillai Jayabalan
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
High Yields ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

High yields of protoplasts were obtained from immature leaves of aseptically grown plants of Arachis hypogaea using an enzyme solution containing cellulase 2.0% (w/v) and Macerozyme 1.0% (w/v) in 0.6 M mannitol. Isolated protoplasts were cultured in Kao's medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The protoplasts started to divide after 3–5 days of culture. Sustained divisions resulted in mass production of cell colonies and mini calli in 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, protoplast colonies were transferred to the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and BAP. Colonies proliferated into actively growing calli. Further attempts to regenerate plants from such calli were not successful. However, protoclones differentiated roots on the same medium. Alternative methods for plant regeneration from protoplast derived callus cultures were tried through somatic embryogenesis. Protoplast-derived calli treated with 2,4-D and BAP formed somatic embryos. Somatic embryogenesis began in the proembryo stage and proceeded from globular to dicotyledonary stage. Embryos were then transferred onto hormone-free MS medium for germination. Five to ten percent of these embryoids germinated and grew to plantlets. Regenerated plants were transferred to plastic cups and grown to maturity.

scholarly journals Callus Formation on Endosperm from Immature and Mature Fruits of Barringtonia Racemosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
D S M Soder ◽  
D N A A Khalid ◽  
A Saleh ◽  
F Pardi ◽  
N J Sidik
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Friable Callus ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Barringtonia racemosa is mangroves type of plant which had been extensively utilized in conventional practices for relieving ailments of pain and inflammation. Many studies have been done on ethnobotanical profiles, pharmacological activities and chemical compounds in Barringtonia racemosa. However, there is a limited study on callogenesis of this plant particularly from different maturity stage of fruits. The present study is to identify the callogenesis of Barringtonia racemosa from endosperm explants of immature and mature fruits in MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of hormones 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L) and Kinetin (KIN) (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L). The optimum hormone combination was found in callus grown on endosperm of immature fruits in MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L KIN. It was also found that the callus in this treatment grew profusely with highest fresh weight (0.513 ± 0.022 g), 100% callus induction and friable callus texture. The callus fresh weight on endosperm explants was higher in immature fruits compared to mature fruits for all the hormone combinations. Therefore, callogenesis were found more efficient from endosperm explant of immature fruits in Barringtonia racemosa species.   

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