scholarly journals Seed Production and Viability of Eight Porterweed Selections Grown in Northern and Southern Florida

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1842-1849
Author(s):  
Sandra B. Wilson ◽  
Gary W. Knox ◽  
Keona L. Muller ◽  
Rosanna Freyre ◽  
Zhanao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Excellent Quality ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
Stachytarpheta Cayennensis

Nettleleaf porterweed (Stachytarpheta cayennensis) is a potentially invasive ornamental plant in Florida. Plant growth, visual quality, flowering, and seed viability were assessed for nettleleaf porterweed and eight closely related alternatives planted in northern and southern Florida. In northern Florida, ‘Mario Pollsa’ porterweed (Stachytarpheta spp.), ‘Violacea’ porterweed (Stachytarpheta mutabilis), ‘Naples Lilac’ porterweed (Stachytarpheta spp.), ‘Red Compact’ porterweed (Stachytarpheta speciosa), and nettleleaf porterweed (Stachytarpheta cayennensis) achieved high flower ratings between 4 (average to good flowering) and 5 (abundant flowering, peak bloom) during 4 or more months. Also, jamaican porterweed (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis), ‘Violacea’ porterweed, ‘Red Compact’ porterweed, and nettleleaf porterweed achieved visual quality ratings between 4 and 5 (good to excellent quality) throughout most of the study. In southern Florida, the same cultivars received high flower ratings but generally for shorter periods of time. Also, ‘Violacea’ porterweed and ‘Red Compact’ porterweed consistently received visual quality ratings that were above 4 (good quality, very desirable). During the course of the 28-week study, nettleleaf porterweed produced the greatest number of spiked inflorescences with 39% to 80% seed viability. At both locations, ‘Violacea’ porterweed did not produce any viable seed and seed viability was less than 10% for ‘Mario Pollsa’ porterweed, coral porterweed (Stachytarpheta mutabilis), and ‘Naples Lilac’ porterweed.

scholarly journals Landscape Performance, Flowering, and Seed Viability of 15 Japanese Silver Grass Cultivars Grown in Northern and Southern Florida

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra B. Wilson ◽  
Gary W. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Central Park ◽  
Landscape Performance ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Southern Florida

Japanese silver grass (Miscanthus sinensis) and 14 cultivars were transplanted in northern and southern Florida and evaluated for landscape performance, flowering, growth, and seed viability. All plants survived the 84-week study at both locations with the exception of `Morning Light', where 22% to 33% of the plants died. In northern and southern Florida, `Arabesque', `Adagio', `Cosmopolitan', and `Gracillimus' received the highest visual quality ratings on average throughout the entire study, yet other cultivars such as `Central Park' and `Silberfeder' performed well but had much narrower windows of peak performance. Cultivars such as `Little Kitten' and `Sarabande' performed far better in southern Florida than in northern Florida. Regardless of location, `Morning Light' and `Puenktchen' generally did not perform as well as other cultivars. In northern Florida, four consecutive months of very good to excellent flowering (75% to 100% canopy coverage) were observed for `Adagio', `Arabesque', `Cosmopolitan', `Gracillimus', `Little Kitten', `Sarabande', `Silberfeder', and `Zebrinus'. However, in southern Florida, peak flowering periods for these cultivars were delayed and generally only lasted for 1 to 2 months. On average, plants in northern Florida were larger and produced 2.8 times more flowers than plants in southern Florida. All cultivars produced viable seed with germination of viable seed ranging from 53.6% (`Cabaret') to 100% (`Gracillimus') in southern Florida, and from 49.8% (`Arabesque') to 100% (`Adagio', `Little Kitten', `Sarabande', and `Variegatus') in northern Florida.

scholarly journals Landscape Performance of Green Fountain Grass Alternatives Grown in Northern and Southern Florida

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra B. Wilson ◽  
Gary W. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Landscape Performance ◽  
Pennisetum Setaceum ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides ◽  
Southern Florida

Plant growth, visual quality, flowering, and seed production were assessed for 10 fountain grass (Pennisetum) cultivars planted in northern and southern Florida. All fountain grass cultivars except Rubrum Dwarf fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum) and Red Buttons fountain grass (Pennisetum messiacum) achieved flower ratings of 3 to 5 in both locations during the first growing season. During the second growing season, chinese fountain grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides), ‘Cassian’ chinese fountain grass (P. alopecuroides), ‘Hameln’ chinese fountain grass (P. alopecuroides), and ‘Red Buttons’ fountain grass flowered better in northern Florida, and green fountain grass (P. setaceum) and ‘Rubrum Dwarf’ fountain grass flowered better in southern Florida. Visual quality of chinese fountain grass and its cultivars generally declined in October without resuming growth through May. ‘Little Bunny’ chinese fountain grass (P. alopecuroides) and oriental pennisetum (Pennisetum orientale) declined dramatically during the first season and did not survive the 84-week study in northern or southern Florida. ‘Rubrum’ fountain grass (P. setaceum) and ‘Rubrum Dwarf’ fountain grass did not produce any seeds.

scholarly journals Do applications of systemic herbicides when green fruit are present prevent seed production or viability of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard)?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Leo Roth ◽  
José Luiz C. S. Dias ◽  
Christopher Evans ◽  
Kevin Rohling ◽  
Mark Renz
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Alliaria Petiolata ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Garlic Mustard ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Second Year

Garlic mustard [Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande] is a biennial invasive plant commonly found in the northeastern and midwestern United States. Although it is not recommended to apply herbicides after flowering, land managers frequently desire to conduct management during this timing. We applied glyphosate and triclopyr (3% v/v and 1% v/v using 31.8% and 39.8% acid equivalent formulations, respectively) postemergence to established, second-year A. petiolata populations at three locations when petals were dehiscing, and evaluated control, seed production and seed viability. Postemergence glyphosate applications at this timing provided 100% control of A. petiolata by 4 weeks after treatment at all locations whereas triclopyr efficacy was variable, providing 38-62% control. Seed production was only reduced at one location, with similar results regardless of treatment. Percent seed viability was also reduced, and when combined with reductions in seed production, we found a 71-99% reduction in number of viable seed produced plant-1 regardless of treatment. While applications did not eliminate viable seed production, our findings indicate that glyphosate and triclopyr applied while petals were dehiscing is a viable alternative to cutting or hand-pulling at this timing as it substantially decreased viable A. petiolata seed production. Management Implications Postemergence glyphosate and triclopyr applications in the early spring to rosettes are standard treatments used to manage A. petiolata. However, weather and other priorities limit the window for management, forcing field practitioners to utilize more labor-intensive methods such as hand-pulling. It is not known how late in the development of A. petiolata these herbicides can be applied to prevent viable seed production. Since prevention of soil seedbank replenishment is a key management factor for effective long-term control of biennial invasive species, we hypothesized late spring foliar herbicide applications to second year A. petiolata plants when flower petals were dehiscing could be an effective management tool if seed production or viability is eliminated. Our study indicated that glyphosate applications at this timing provided 100% control of A. petiolata plants by 4 weeks after treatment at all locations, whereas triclopyr efficacy was inconsistent. Although both glyphosate and triclopyr decreased viable seed production to nearly zero at one of our three study locations, the same treatments produced significant amounts of viable seed at the other two locations. Our findings suggest late spring glyphosate and triclopyr applications should not be recommended over early spring applications to rosettes for A. petiolata management, as our late spring application timing did not prevent viable seed production, and may require multiple years of implementation to eradicate populations. Nonetheless, this application timing holds value in areas devoid of desirable understory vegetation compared to no management practices or mechanical management options including hand-pulling when fruit are present, as overall viable seed production was reduced to similar levels as these treatments.

scholarly journals Flowering, Fecundity, Seed Germination, and Seed Viability of Viburnum opulus L. Cultivars

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Janine R. Conklin ◽  
James C. Sellmer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

Abstract Mature specimens of Viburnum opulus and cultivars ‘Leonard's Dwarf’ and ‘Roseum’ were assessed over 2 years for flower and seed production, seed germination, and seed viability as determined by a tetrazolium test to understand their invasive potential. ‘Aureum’, ‘Compactum’, ‘Losely's Compact’, ‘Nanum’, and ‘Xanthocarpum’ were also tested for germination and viability of seeds. Cultivars differed in flower and seed production, seed germination, and seed viability. ‘Roseum’ prolifically produced highly viable seed that germinated at moderate rates under greenhouse conditions (8,354, 100%, and 73%, respectively). Viburnum opulus and ‘Leonard's Dwarf’ produced fewer viable seed which showed moderate to low germination rates (609, 100%, and 53%; 712, 100%, and 5%, respectively). ‘Aureum’ and ‘Xanthocarpum’ seeds germinated at moderate rates (55 and 25%, respectively) and were highly viable (100%). ‘Compactum’, ‘Losely's Compact’, and ‘Nanum’ germinated at low rates or failed to germinate (0, 0, and 5%, respectively), yet seeds were moderately viable (37, 65, and 55%, respectively). Seeds of all cultivars germinated at low rates or failed to germinate at both outdoor sites (0 to 5%) which suggests these plants may be weakly invasive. Short-term studies on biological traits such as these provide only limited information to assess the invasive potential of cultivars.

Factors Limiting the Recruitment of Eucalyptus salmonophloia in Remnant Woodlands .I. Pattern of Flowering, Seed Production and Seed Fall

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Yates ◽  
RJ Hobbs ◽  
RW Bell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Seed Fall ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Remnant Population ◽  
Conservation Of Biodiversity

Woodlands dominated by Eucalyptus salmonophloia F. Muell. occur throughout the fragmented landscape of the Western Australian wheatbelt. In most of these remnant woodlands, there is no regeneration of E. salmonophloia and this has become a concern for the conservation of biodiversity in the region. This study examined seed production, seed viability and pattern of seed fall in four remnant populations of E. salmonophloia in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia, to determine whether these factors are limiting recruitment. Surveys of flowering, seed production and seed fall were conducted over a two-year-period which included three potential flowering seasons. Individual trees flowered once over this period and the intensity of flowering and the proportion of flowers which set seed varied greatly between remnants. Seed from up to two consecutive flowering seasons was stored in the canopy, thus, E. salmonophloia formed substantial canopy seed stores. Seeds were released from this store throughout the year and seed fall showed only a weak winter decline. The viability of seeds released from the canopy store in each remnant population was high. These results indicate that the availability of viable seed is unlikely to be responsible for the lack of E. salmonophloia recruitment in remnant woodlands.

scholarly journals Effect of Herbicide Management Practices Used by Invasive Plant Managers onBerteroa incana(Hoary Alyssum) Seed Biology and Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Uriel D. Menalled ◽  
Stacy C. Davis ◽  
Jane M. Mangold
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Southwestern Montana ◽  
Seed Biology ◽  
Spraying Plants ◽  
Herbicide Management

AbstractHoary alyssum [Berteroa incana(L.) DC.] is a nonnative invasive forb that is noxious in California, Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming, Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan. ManagingB. incanais difficult, because it has an extended flowering period, during which plants simultaneously flower and produce seeds. Consequently, poorly timed herbicide applications may killB. incanaflowers but not prevent viable seed production. We examined how different herbicide management practices used by invasive plant managers affectedB. incanaseed production and viability the year of application as well as population density 1 yr after application. Professional invasive plant managers sprayedB. incanawith various herbicides as part of their current management practices at six sites in southwestern Montana in summer 2016. We collectedB. incanaplants at 4 wk postapplication for seed biology analyses. Across the six sites, nonsprayedB. incanaproduced 5 to 1,855 seeds plant−1and averaged 429 seeds plant−1. Seed production was reduced by 64% to 99% with 7 of the 11 herbicide applications.Berteroa incanaseed viability in nonsprayed areas averaged 53% and ranged from 36% to 73% across the sites. Nine of the 10 herbicide applications used by invasive plant managers reduced seed viability 49% to 100%. Few of the herbicide management practices reducedB. incana’s population density the following growing season, suggesting that managers should expect reoccurring infestations at least 1 yr after application. Our results show that invasive plant managers can reduceB. incanaviable seed production even when spraying plants that have flowered and formed seed pods. However, sites may need to be monitored for additional years to treat reoccurring infestations.

scholarly journals Fungal colonizers and seed loss in lodgepole pine orchards of British Columbia

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Paul Y. de la Bastide ◽  
Jonathon LeBlanc ◽  
Lisheng Kong ◽  
Terrie Finston ◽  
Emily M. May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Fungal Microbiome ◽  
Host Tissues

Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) is an important lumber species in Canada, and seed orchards are expected to meet the increased demand for seed. However, seed production has been consistently low in the Okanagan region orchards of British Columbia, Canada. To determine whether the fungal microbiome contributes to seed loss, histological and molecular approaches were used. Seed production was studied at seven Okanagan orchards, all outside the natural range of lodgepole pine, and at one near Prince George, within its natural range. Seed losses were highest in the Okanagan, compared with Prince George. The role of fungal colonizers in consuming seed during the last stages of maturation is described. Fungal hyphae were frequently observed at all locations in developing seed, particularly once storage substances accumulated. Fungi identified from host tissues using molecular and morphological techniques included Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Sydowia. The opportunistic foliar pathogen Sydowia polyspora, which is known to have a variable biotrophic status, was detected at most orchards within different host tissues (seeds, needles, and conelets), in association with pollen, and in the air column. Reduced seed viability observed in Okanagan orchards is most likely due to a combination of factors, including composition of the fungal microbiome.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Sequential Glufosinate and Foramsulfuron Applications for Management of Fescues (Festucaspp.) in Wild Blueberry

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott N. White ◽  
Shanthanu Krishna Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Wild Blueberry

Sheep and hair fescue are perennial, tuft forming grasses that spread by seed and form dense sods in wild blueberry fields. These sods compete with the crop for resources and hinder harvest. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted in 2015 to evaluate 1) the effect of sequential glufosinate and foramsulfuron applications on suppression of fescues in the greenhouse and field, and 2) efficacy of glufosinate and foramsulfuron on fescue seedlings when applied at 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk after seedling emergence in the greenhouse. Glufosinate applications at 750 and 1,005 g ai ha−1followed by foramsulfuron application at 35 g ai ha−1reduced fescue leaf number and biomass relative to foramsulfuron application alone in the greenhouse. In the field study, fescue flowering tuft density, tuft inflorescence height, seed production, and seed viability were reduced by foramsulfuron alone, but there was a trend towards lower seed production and tuft height when fescues were treated with glufosinate at 1,005 g ha−1followed by foramsulfuron. Foramsulfuron caused low seedling mortality at all application timings evaluated, but glufosinate caused >90% mortality in seedlings when applied at 2, 4, 6, or 8 wk after seedling emergence. Our results suggest that sequential applications of these herbicides are less effective under field conditions relative to results obtained in the greenhouse, though burndown glufosinate applications may have a role in reducing fescue seedling recruitment. Additional research should be conducted to determine the effect of early spring and autumn glufosinate applications on fescue seedling recruitment and suppression of established fescue tufts with subsequent foramsulfuron applications.

scholarly journals Cryogenic Storage of Tomato Pollen: Effect on Fecundity

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Sacks ◽  
Dina A. St. Clair
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Pollen Storage ◽  
Germplasm Storage ◽  
Cryogenic Storage ◽  
Fresh Pollen ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Pollen Effect

The influence of cryogenic pollen storage on fruit set and seed production in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was investigated. Flowers pollinated with pollen samples stored for 5 weeks at –80C, with or without 20 h precooling at 4C, had similar fruit set and number of viable seed per fruit as those pollinated with fresh pollen. Pollen samples, which were repeatedly cooled (–80C) and warmed (to 22 to 24C) for up to six cycles, continuously maintained the same viability as the fresh pollen. When cryogenically stored pollen of L. esculentum 2-837, LA359, LA3198, and LA3199 were used to pollinate LA359, the number of viable seed formed per fruit differed significantly. Results of this study suggest that pollen cryopreservation can be used successfully for tomato breeding and germplasm storage.

scholarly journals Response of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum ‘Ruby’ to Foliar Applications of Micronutrient Fertilizers and Miticide

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-238
Author(s):  
Amy L. Shober ◽  
Gary Leibee ◽  
Moh Leng Kok-Yokomi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Eriophyid Mites ◽  
Quality Response

Abstract Loropetalum chinense (also called Chinese Fringebush or Chinese Witch Hazel) is commonly used in the Florida landscapes. However, in recent years, there have been increasing reports and complaints of unexplained decline throughout Central Florida. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and quality response of declining L. chinense plants to foliar micronutrient and miticide applications. L. chinense ‘Ruby’ plants exhibiting significant decline symptoms were treated with eight foliar fertilizer treatments (High Cu, Low Cu, Kocide® 2000 [copper hydroxide], B, Mn, Zn, and Peters S.T.E.M.) and half of the plants also received two treatments of GardenTech Sevin Concentrate Bug Killer® (carbaryl, 22.5% AI). Plant growth was not influenced by miticide or fertilizer treatments. However, plants sprayed with Cu (i.e., Cu high, Cu low, and Kocide) had quality ratings, at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, that were significantly higher than plants treated with other foliar fertilizers. Additionally, results indicated that there was no fertilizer treatment effect on mite populations. Failure of the miticide to enhance plant quality ratings, suggested that eriophyid mites were not associated with decline symptoms. The quality of declining landscape plantings of L. chinense ‘Ruby’ can be improved with the application of foliar Cu sprays.

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