scholarly journals Flavonoid Compounds Are Enriched in Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Leaves by a High Level of Sucrose and Confer Increased Antioxidant Activity

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1907-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Aktar Hossain ◽  
Sooah Kim ◽  
Kyoung Heon Kim ◽  
Sung-Joon Lee ◽  
Hojoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Sucrose Induction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Radical Damage ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
High Sucrose

Medicinal plants are widely used in traditional medicine because plant secondary metabolites have been shown to benefit a broad spectrum of health conditions. Lemon balm, Melissa officinalis L., a member of the mint family, is native to Europe and is well known for its ability to reduce stress and anxiety, promote sleep, and ease pain and discomfort associated with digestion. In various plant species, strong anthocyanin induction is triggered by sucrose, but not by other sugars or osmotic stress; however, the mechanisms that induce anthocyanin accumulation in lemon balm leaves in response to sucrose and phytohormones remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms that lead to increased levels of flavonoids in lemon balm plants. We observed that sucrose significantly increases the level of flavonoids in lemon balm plants and that sucrose induction appears to be mediated by the phytohormones abscisic acid and ethylene. We also identified delphinidin as the anthocyanidin that is primarily enriched in leaves grown in high-sucrose medium. Finally, we observed that reactive oxygen species levels are positively correlated with sucrose-mediated anthocyanin accumulation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the level of flavonoids in lemon balm can be increased significantly and that plants such as lemon balm could potentially be used to prevent diseases that have been purported to be caused by free radical damage. Chemical abbreviations used: ABA, (+)-cis, transabscissic acid; ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylic acid; CHI, chalcone isomerase; CHS, chalcone synthase; DPPH, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; GA, gibberellic acid; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid.

Study of antioxidant potential in leaves, stems, nuts of Juglans regia L.

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Raja* ◽  
Ivvala Anand Shaker ◽  
Inampudi Sailaja ◽  
R. Swaminathan ◽  
S. Saleem Basha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Radical Damage

Natural antioxidants can protect the human body from free radicals and retard the progress of many chronic diseases as well as lipid oxidative rancidity in foods. The role of antioxidants has protected effect against free radical damage that may cause many diseases including cancer. Primary sources of naturally occurring antioxidants are known as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Several studies suggest that regular consumption of nuts, mostly walnuts, may have beneficial effects against oxidative stress mediated diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. The role of antioxidants has attracted much interest with respect to their protective effect against free radical damage that may cause many diseases including cancer. Juglans regia L. (walnut) contains antioxidant compounds, which are thought to contribute to their biological properties. Polyphenols, flavonoids and flavonols concentrations and antioxidant activity of Leaves, Stems and Nuts extract of Juglans regia L. as evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, Nitric acid, hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation and total oxidation activity were determined. The antioxidant activities of Leaves, Stems and Nuts extract of Juglans regia L. were concentration dependent in different experimental models and it was observed that free radicals were scavenged by the test compounds in all the models.

scholarly journals Plant Extract Valorization of Melissa officinalis L. for Agroindustrial Purposes through Their Biochemical Properties and Biological Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mouna Souihi ◽  
Rayda Ben Ayed ◽  
Imen Trabelsi ◽  
Marwa Khammassi ◽  
Nadia Ben Brahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
The North ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) is one of the rare medicinal plants in Tunisia. It was found only in two sites in the north of Tunisia with a small number of plants. The study of germination under the NaCl and PEG effect showed that Tunisian lemon balm seeds were sensitive to saline and osmotic stress. Morphological and biochemical characterizations of Tunisian M. officinalis were performed. Results showed that the Tunisian populations presented plants with long, broad leaves and weak branching. The major constituent in leaf essential oil was germacrene-D with a percentage ranging from 29.17 to 24.6%, and the major fatty acids were polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, ranging from 73.93 to 66.74%. The phenolic content of M. officinalis extract varied significantly among origins which could explain the high variation in antiradical scavenging activity. The evaluation of allelopathic activities showed that the extract of the lemon balm leaves presented an allelopathic effect with the majority of the tested seeds.

scholarly journals Differences in Anthocyanin Accumulation Profiles between Teinturier and Non-Teinturier Cultivars during Ripening

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Meng-Bo Tian ◽  
Lin Yuan ◽  
Ming-Yuan Zheng ◽  
Zhu-Mei Xi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relative Gene ◽  
High Expression Level

Anthocyanins are vital components of plant secondary metabolites, and are also the most important coloring substances in wine. Teinturier cultivars are rich in anthocyanins. However, the differences in anthocyanin accumulation and profiles between teinturier and non-teinturier cultivars have not been reported. In this study, Yan 73 and Dunkelfelder were selected as the experimental materials, and three non-teinturier cultivars were used for comparison. LC-MS and qRT-PCR were used to determine the individual anthocyanin contents and the relative gene expression. The results show that the total anthocyanin content of the teinturier cultivars was considerably higher than that in non-teinturier cultivars, and the levels of individual anthocyanins increased gradually during ripening. Lower ratios of modified anthocyanins were found in the teinturier cultivars, which was not only due to the high expression level of VvUFGT and VvGST4, but also due to the relatively low expression of VvOMT in these cultivars. Cluster analysis of gene expression and anthocyanin accumulation showed that VvUFGT is related to anthocyanin accumulation, and that AM1 is related to the synthesis and transport of methylated anthocyanins. Our results will be useful for further clarifying the pathways of anthocyanin synthesis, modification, and transport in teinturier cultivars.

scholarly journals Lens Lipid Peroxides and Glutathione Concentrations in Diabetic Cataract

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Özmen ◽  
I Mutaf ◽  
B Özmen ◽  
J Mentes ◽  
O Bayindir
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Diabetic Cataract ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radical Damage

This study aims to explore the role of reactive oxygen radicals in the genesis of diabetic cataract. Lipid peroxide (LPO) concentrations in senile ( n = 30) and diabetic ( n = 14) cataractous lenses, were determined as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) by a method modified from Satoh and Yagi, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations were measured according to Beutler. Lens LPO levels (mean, SD; nmol TBARS/g protein) were significantly higher in diabetics (107·54, 18·12) than senile cataractous subjects (53·54, 15·48) ( P < 0·0001). Lens GSH levels (mean, SD; nmol/g protein) showed no significant difference between diabetics (4·29, 2·05) and senile cataractous subjects (4·68, 3·12). These results suggest that free radical damage is more effective in the genesis of diabetic cataract than in senile cataract.

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