scholarly journals Expression of Ornamental Traits in Container versus Field Plants in a Vitex L. Breeding Program

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1630-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Hershberger ◽  
David A. Knauft ◽  
Carol D. Robacker
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Program ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Flower Date ◽  
First Flowering Date ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Ornamental Traits ◽  
Initial Selection ◽  
Trait Correlations ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Inflorescence Length

New ornamental cultivars must display horticultural superiority when grown in containers or in the field. The objectives of this study were to determine whether container or field is most appropriate for initial selection of ornamental traits in a Vitex breeding program by determining whether quantitative traits of breeding interest were expressed similarly in the two environments and by determining trait correlations in each environment. Segregating populations of Vitex and their parents were cloned and grown in containers and in the field. Ornamentally significant traits evaluated included first flower date, last flower date, flowering period, total weeks of flowering, inflorescence number, inflorescence length, flower rating, plant height, plant width, and Cercospora leaf spot resistance. Overall, field-grown plants were taller and wider than plants grown in containers. Field-grown plants also had a later first flowering date, longer flowering period, greater total weeks flowering, longer inflorescence length, larger inflorescence number, and more flowers on the inflorescence. Significant genotype × environment interactions were found for height and width measurements taken 19 and 33 weeks after planting, first flower date, total weeks in flower, inflorescence number, flower rating, and Cercospora rating. Most trait correlations were either non-significant or so low so that selection of these traits would be independent of other traits. High correlations were present in both environments between height measurements taken at 19 weeks and 33 weeks after planting. High correlation in the field and moderate correlation in containers were found between width measurements taken 19 and 33 weeks after planting. Correlation was high between flowering period and first flower date in both the field and container. Correlation between last flower date and flowering period was high in containers and moderate in the field. High correlation was present in both environments between flowering period and total weeks of flowering. Containers were determined to be best for initial selection for most traits having significant genotype × environment effects.

A Court of Specialists

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Hanretty
Keyword(s):  
Family Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
Uk Supreme Court ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Initial Selection ◽  
Selection Of

This book explains how judges on the UK Supreme Court behave. It looks at different stages in the court's decision-making process—from the initial selection of cases, to the choice of judges to sit on panels, to the final outcome. The main argument of the book is that judges' behavior is strongly affected by their specialism in different areas of law. Cases in tax law (or family law, or public law) are more likely to be heard by specialists in that area, and those specialists are more likely to write the court's decision—or disagree with the decision when there is dissent. Legal factors like specialization in areas of law explains more of the court's work than do political differences between judges.

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIATION OF HUMPBACK GROUPER (Cromileptes altivelis) ON F1 AND F3 GENERATIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Budi Moria Sembiring ◽  
Tridjoko Tridjoko ◽  
Haryanti Haryanti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Culture Technology ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Rapd Method

Hatchery and culture technology of Humpback grouper has been developed. However,  sometimes it is still found constraint in sedd production and caused instability of production due to failure by many factors. Breeding program become necessary to provide seed with high quality and good genetic variation. Quantitative characteristic selection is one of breeding program to improve productivity in grouper aquaculture. The aim of this research was to produce good phenotyphic and genotypic quality of Humpback grouper candidate broodstock. Selection of Humpback grouper F1 and F3 was done based on quantitative characteristic (body length and weight) and genotyphic characteristic by using ramdom amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) method.  The results of conventional selection were found candidate broodstock of Humpback grouper F1 and F3 with body weight range from 170-210 g and 160-170 g consecutively.  Heterozygosity values of Humpback grouper analized by RAPD of F1 and F3 were 0.7940 and 0.7749 consecutively and it was not significantly different. This value emphasis that population of this F3 Humpback grouper was still good to grow for broodstock. Keywords: genetic variation, humpback grouper, F1, F3.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis of quantitative traits can effectively classify rapeseed germplasm

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Jankulovska ◽  
Sonja Ivanovska ◽  
Ana Marjanovic-Jeromela ◽  
Snjezana Bolaric ◽  
Ljupcho Jankuloski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Selection Of

In this study, the use of different multivariate approaches to classify rapeseed genotypes based on quantitative traits has been presented. Tree regression analysis, PCA analysis and two-way cluster analysis were applied in order todescribe and understand the extent of genetic variability in spring rapeseed genotype by trait data. The traits which highly influenced seed and oil yield in rapeseed were successfully identified by the tree regression analysis. Principal predictor for both response variables was number of pods per plant (NP). NP and 1000 seed weight could help in the selection of high yielding genotypes. High values for both traits and oil content could lead to high oil yielding genotypes. These traits may serve as indirect selection criteria and can lead to improvement of seed and oil yield in rapeseed. Quantitative traits that explained most of the variability in the studied germplasm were classified using principal component analysis. In this data set, five PCs were identified, out of which the first three PCs explained 63% of the total variance. It helped in facilitating the choice of variables based on which the genotypes? clustering could be performed. The two-way cluster analysissimultaneously clustered genotypes and quantitative traits. The final number of clusters was determined using bootstrapping technique. This approach provided clear overview on the variability of the analyzed genotypes. The genotypes that have similar performance regarding the traits included in this study can be easily detected on the heatmap. Genotypes grouped in the clusters 1 and 8 had high values for seed and oil yield, and relatively short vegetative growth duration period and those in cluster 9, combined moderate to low values for vegetative growth duration and moderate to high seed and oil yield. These genotypes should be further exploited and implemented in the rapeseed breeding program. The combined application of these multivariate methods can assist in deciding how, and based on which traits to select the genotypes, especially in early generations, at the beginning of a breeding program.

scholarly journals Optimal synthesis of a four-bar linkage by method of controlled deviation

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Bulatovic ◽  
Stevan Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Optimal Synthesis ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Individual Comparison ◽  
Four Bar Linkage ◽  
The Given ◽  
Initial Selection ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Process Calculation ◽  
Made In

This paper considers optimal synthesis of a four-bar linkage by method of controlled deviations. The advantage of this approximate method is that it allows control of motion of the coupler in the four-bar linkage so that the path of the coupler is in the prescribed environment around the given path on the segment observed. The Hooke-Jeeves?s optimization algorithm has been used in the optimization process. Calculation expressions are not used as the method of direct searching, i.e. individual comparison of the calculated value of the objective function is made in each iteration and the moving is done in the direction of decreasing the value of the objective function. This algorithm does not depend on the initial selection of the projected variables. All this is illustrated on an example of synthesis of a four-bar linkage whose coupler point traces a straight line, i.e. passes through sixteen prescribed points lying on one straight line. .

Immunity to virus X in potato: Selection of immune plants in the breeding program

1955 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland G. Timian ◽  
C. E. Peterson ◽  
W. J. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Program ◽  
Selection Of

Control of GL2 expression in Arabidopsis leaves and trichomes

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Szymanski ◽  
R.A. Jilk ◽  
S.M. Pollock ◽  
M.D. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
R Gene ◽  
Gus Reporter ◽  
Transparent Testa ◽  
Initial Selection ◽  
Epistatic Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

More than twenty genes are required for the correct initiation, spacing, and morphogenesis of trichomes in Arabidopsis. The initial selection of trichome precursors requires the activity of both the GLABROUS1 (GL1) and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABROUS (TTG) genes. The GLABRA2 (GL2) gene is required for subsequent phases of trichome morphogenesis such as cell expansion, branching, and maturation of the trichome cell wall. Previous studies have shown that GL2 is a member of the homeodomain class of transcription factors. Here we report a detailed analysis of GL2 expression in the shoot using anti-GL2 antibodies and the GUS reporter gene fused to the GL2 promoter. The GL2 expression profile in the shoot is complex, and involves spatial and temporal variation in developing leaves and trichomes. Two separate promoter domains that are expressed in trichomes were identified. GL2, like GL1, is expressed in developing trichomes and in cells surrounding trichomes during early stages of trichome development. Unlike GL1, GL2 expression persists in mature trichomes. It was found that while GL1 and TTG were not required for the initiation of GL2 expression in the non-trichome cells, the presence of a functional GL1 or TTG gene was able to increase GL2 expression in these cells compared to ttg gl1 plants. The hypothesis that GL1 regulates aspects of GL2 expression is consistent with epistatic analysis of gl1 and gl2 and the expression patterns of GL1 and GL2. In support of this hypothesis, it was found that ectopic expression of GL1 in the presence of ectopic expression of the maize R gene, which can bypass the requirement for TTG, can ectopically activate GL2 transcription.

A Statistical Review of the Evidence for the Existence of Temporary Selection

1959 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary L. Seal
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Classical View ◽  
Statistical Review ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Initial Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The theory of ‘temporary selection’ is concerned with the variation, for fixed x, of q[x–t]+t the observed rate of mortality at age x during the t+1th year after the issue of an assurance or annuity contract. The classical view is that—apart from chance variations—q[x–t]+t increases gradually with increasing t until the effects of selection have disappeared after which time q[xx–t]+t is a constant depending on x only.Various reasons have been suggested for the persistence of temporary selection in an observed series of values of q[xx–t]+t. The chief of these are:(1) The continuing effects of an initial selection on the part of the assurance company or by the annuitant (Morgan, 1834);(2) The gradual withdrawal from assurance of healthy lives (Higham, 1851); and(3) Secular improvements in medicals election or in the self-selection of annuitants (Karup, 1903).

scholarly journals Genetic characteristics of broodstock collected from four Norwegian coastal cod (Gadus morhua) populations

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dahle ◽  
K.E. Jørstad ◽  
H.E. Rusaas ◽  
H. Otterå
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Aquaculture Industry ◽  
Initial Selection ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spawning Sites

Abstract The aquaculture industry in Norway is now focused on developing economically viable farming based on the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Extensive research has been carried out on this species for the past two decades, much of it in connection with stock enhancement. Until now, most of the intensive cage culture has been based on wild broodstock. However, a future cod aquaculture industry must be based on a domesticated broodstock, and the initial selection of wild cod becomes an important issue. Genetic differentiation between coastal cod populations in Norway has been reported, and it is of interest to evaluate offspring from some of these populations under farmed conditions. Live mature cod were collected at four selected spawning sites along the Norwegian coast (Porsangerfjord, Tysfjord, Herøy/Helgeland, and Øygarden). The fish were transported to Parisvatnet, a cod aquaculture facility west of Bergen, where they were kept in net pens. Individual tagging and extensive sampling (blood, white muscle, and fin clips) for genetic characterization were carried out. Each potential broodstock fish was genotyped at the haemoglobin and pantophysin I loci in addition to five allozyme (LDH-3∗, GPD∗, IDH-2∗, PGM∗, PGI-1∗) and ten microsatellite loci (Gmo2, Gmo3, Gmo8, Gmo19, Gmo34, Gmo35, Gmo36, Gmo37, Gmo132, Tch11). Comparison of allele frequencies revealed significant genetic differences among some of the coastal cod samples, and offspring performance of the broodstock is now being compared under farmed conditions. The overall test revealed significant genetic differences among the coastal broodstocks, with the HbI, PanI and the microsatellite Gmo132 loci being most informative.

Pyramidizing resistance genes in grape: a breeding program for the selection of elite cultivars

2019 ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Foria ◽  
C. Monte ◽  
R. Testolin ◽  
G. Di Gaspero ◽  
G. Cipriani
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Selection Of
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