scholarly journals Fertilizer Composition, Concentration, and Irrigation Method Affect Growth and Development of Oxalis regnellii and O. triangularis

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1110-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad T. Miller ◽  
Neil S. Mattson ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Oxalis regnellii, the shamrock plant, and O. triangularis are niche ornamental greenhouse crops produced and marketed primarily for their foliage; thus, it is imperative to produce the fullest, most colorful, and blemish-free plants as possible. An experiment was conducted using O. regnellii, comparing two irrigation methods, overhead (drip) irrigation versus subirrigation, in addition to varying 20N–2.2P–16.6K fertilizer concentrations, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 500 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N). Overhead irrigation produced larger plants with increased root mass as compared with subirrigation. Low or high fertilizer concentration (50 mg·L−1 N and 500 mg·L−1 N, respectively) led to reductions in the fresh and dry weight of overhead-irrigated plants compared with intermediate fertilizer rates. At the highest fertilizer treatment, plant height was decreased. Chlorophyll index (based on SPAD readings) increased linearly and quadratically for subirrigated and overhead-irrigated plants, respectively. A second study analyzed the effects of seven different fertilizer formulations on growth of O. regnellii and O. triangularis. The fertilizers used in this study were Jack's LX All Purpose (21N–2.2P–16.6K), Peter's Professional (20N–8.8P–16.6K), Jacks Poinsettia FeED Ca-Mg (15N–1.7P–12.5K), Jack's Petunia FeED Mg (20N–1.3P–15.7K), Peter's Professional Peat-Lite Dark Weather Feed (15N–0P–12.5K), Peter's Excel Cal-Mag (15N–2.2P–12.5K), and the slow-release fertilizer Osmocote® (14N–4.2P–11.6K). Growth of both species was significantly reduced by fertilizers that contained little or no phosphorus (P). Current water-soluble fertilizer recommendations of 21N–2.2P–16.6K or slow-release granule fertilizer of 14N–4.2P–11.6K (Osmocote®) produced acceptable, marketable plants, whereas the best O. regnellii and O. triangularis plants were produced using 15N–2.2P–12.5K and 20N–1.3P–15.7K formulations, likely as a result of the additional calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in the mixtures.

scholarly journals Containerized Jeffrey Pine Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Response to Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Controlled Release Fertilization

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Walker ◽  
L. M. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
System Development ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Jeffrey Pine ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Amendment

Abstract Ectomycorrhizal inoculation with basidiospores of Pisolithus tinctorius and fertilization with two controlled release nutrient formulations, High N 24-4-7 and Sierra 16-6-10 Plus Minors, were evaluated for their effects on containerized Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) seedlings. Noninoculated and nonfertilized seedlings and a water soluble fertilizer treatment using Peters 20-10-20 provided for comparisons of mycorrhizal and nutrient amendment effects on growth and mineral nutrition. At 6 months, inoculated seedlings had greater root dry weight while fertilization increased shoot dimensions and weight, with the response to controlled release nutrients exceeding that to water soluble fertilizer. After 12 months, inoculation increased mycorrhizal formation, and inoculated seedlings had greater shoot volume as well as root volume, dry weight, and total length. Controlled release fertilization also promoted greater shoot growth than water soluble nutrients at the final measurement, while root system development was comparable overall among fertilized seedlings regardless of nutrient formulation. Foliar analysis revealed that concentrations of most macro- and micronutrients were sufficient for adequate seedling nutrition in all treatments. However, inoculated seedlings exhibited greater uptake of P, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, and Zn. Fertilization generally increased foliar concentrations of all of the above elements except Mg and Fe, but also increased N uptake. Overall, these results suggest that inoculation with P. tinctorius and controlled release fertilization with High N 24-4-7 and Sierra 16-6-10 facilitate production of Jeffrey pine container stock suitable for outplanting on harsh sites. West. J. Appl. For. 12(2):33-40.

scholarly journals Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Recovery of Container-Grown Red Oak and Blackgum Seedlings Under Different Fertilizer Application Methods

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Struve
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Daily Application

Abstract Red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica L.) seedlings were grown under five fertilizer application methods: 60 or 30 g slow release fertilizer (21N-1.8P-8.3K: Woodace 21-4-10) with a daily application of 3.8 liters of 25 mg/liter N from a water soluble fertilizer (15N-6.9P-14.1K: 15-16-17 Peter's) or not, or 3.8 liters daily application of 25 mg/liter N from a water soluble fertilizer. The largest red oak and blackgum seedlings were grown under a combination of water soluble plus 60 g slow release fertilizer. Red oak N, P and K recovery rates ranged from 4.1 to 8.6%, 4.5 to 8.8% and 4.2 to 16.5%, respectively. Blackgum N, P and K recovery rates ranged from 12.1 to 19.2%, 15.5 to 23.6% and 13.7 to 37.8%. Plant growth (both dry weight and height) was more highly correlated with total plant nutrient content (mg N/plant) than with whole plant nutrient concentration (mg N/g dry weight), except for K in blackgum seedlings. The results suggest that red oak and blackgum seedling N and P nutritional status is more accurately predicted by plant height or dry weight than by tissue concentration.

scholarly journals (133) Influence of Two Types of Fertilizers on the Growth and Development of Tissue-cultured Daylilies Transferred to the Greenhouse

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1087A-1087
Author(s):  
Johnny Carter ◽  
Diondre Palmer ◽  
Lianghong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

During Summer 2004, a study was conducted to determine the effect of two types of fertilizers on the growth and development of tissue-cultured daylilies transferred to the greenhouse. Peters 20–20–20 water-soluble fertilizer and a slow-release fertilizer were the two fertilizers evaluated. Peters 20–20–20 fertilizer was used at 0 (control), 50, 100, and 200 mg·L–1 rates. The slow release fertilizer was used at 2.5 g per 10.2 cm pot. Each treatment was replicated four times in a randomized complete-block design. After 6 weeks of growth, the results showed that, when compared to the control, all treatments except for 200 mg·L–1 caused a significant increase in root growth. Shoot growth was significantly increased by the 100 mg·L–1 treatment, while the 200 mg·L–1 and slow-release treatments suppressed shoot growth. Similar to root and shoot growth, the 100 mg·L–1 treatment caused a significant increase in fresh weight, while the 200 mg·L–1 and slow-release treatments caused a reduction. These results imply that the 100 mg·L–1 Peters 20–20–20 fertilizer treatment is the best treatment for maximum growth and development of tissue-cultured daylilies transferred to the greenhouse.

scholarly journals Growth of Poinsettias, Nutrient Leaching, and Water-use Efficiency Respond to Irrigation Methods

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 858-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Dole ◽  
Janet C. Cole ◽  
Sharon L. von Broembsen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
The Media ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Ebb And Flow

`Gutbier V-14 Glory' poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex. Klotzsch) grown with ebb-and-flow irrigation used the least amount of water and produced the least runoff, and plants grown with capillary mats used the greatest amount of water and produced the most runoff, compared to microtube and hand-watering systems. The maximum amount of water retained by the pots and media was greatest for the microtube and ebb-and-flow systems and became progressively lower for the hand-watering and capillary mat systems. The media and leachate electrical conductivity from plants grown with subirrigation systems was higher than those grown with top irrigation. For the two top-irrigation systems (microtube and hand-watering), plants grown with 250 mg N/liter from a 20N-4.4P-16.6K water-soluble fertilizer had greater leaf, stem, and total dry weights than those grown with 175 mg N/liter. The two subirrigation systems (ebb-and-flow and capillary mat) produced plants that were taller and had greater leaf, stem, and total dry weights when grown with 175 than with 250 mg N/liter. The higher fertilizer concentration led to increased N, P, Fe, and Mn concentration in the foliage. Nitrogen concentration was higher in top-irrigated plants than in subirrigated plants. The ebb-and-flow system produced the greatest total dry weight per liter of water applied and per liter of runoff; capillary mat watering was the least efficient in regard to water applied and runoff.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization on Growth and Flowering of Scaevola aemula R. Br. `New Wonder'

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1728-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donglin Zhang ◽  
Renae E. Moran ◽  
Lois B. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Rate ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Acidic Nature

Scaevola aemula R.Br. (fanflower), an ornamental plant native to Australia, produces stunted growth when fertilized with high concentrations of P. To determine optimum P concentration, rooted cuttings were transplanted into 15 cm standard pots and grown with a water soluble fertilizer, where P concentrations were 0, 14.5, 29.0, 43.5, 58.0, 72.5, 87.0 mg·L-1 and all plants received 200 mg·L-1 N and 166 mg·L-1 K. Shoot growth and flowering data were taken every 21 days until the experiment was terminated after 84 days. Shoot length, number and dry weight, and leaf size were reduced significantly at P concentrations higher than 14.5 mg·L-1 with severe reduction at P levels higher than 43.5 mg·L-1. Number of flowers per plant was not affected by P concentrations in the range of 0 to 43.5 mg·L-1, but decreased significantly at P levels higher than 43.5 mg·L-1. Medium pH decreased with increase in P rate due to the acidic nature of the P fertilizer. When P was applied in every irrigation, the optimum concentration was 14.5 mg·L-1 or less. P greater than 43.5 mg·L-1 was detrimental to vegetative growth and flowering, possibly due to above optimum P or to medium acidification.

scholarly journals Timing of Macronutrient Supply during Cutting Propagation of Petunia

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Santos ◽  
Paul R. Fisher ◽  
Thomas Yeager ◽  
Eric H. Simonne ◽  
Hannah S. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Micronutrient Fertilizer

The objective was to quantify the effect of the timing of macronutrient applications on nutrient uptake, growth, and development of Petunia ×hybrida Hort. Vilm.-Andr. ‘Supertunia Royal Velvet’ during vegetative propagation. Starting with unrooted cuttings (Day 0), fertigation was applied continuously at three time intervals (Day 0 to 7, Day 8 to 14, or Day 15 to 21) using either a “complete” (C) water-soluble fertilizer containing (in mg·L−1) 75 NO3-N, 25 NH4-N, 12 phosphorus (P), 83 potassium (K), 20 calcium (Ca), 10 magnesium (Mg), 1.4 sulfur (S), 2 iron (Fe), 1 manganese (Mn), 1 zinc (Zn), 0.5 copper (Cu), 0.5 boron (B), and 0.2 molybdenum (Mo) or a micronutrient fertilizer (M) containing (in mg·L−1) 1.4 S, 2 Fe, 1 Mn, 1 Zn, 0.5 Cu, 0.5 B, and 0.2 Mo in a complete factorial arrangement. With constant fertigation using the C fertilizer, plant dry weight (DW) doubled from Day 0 (sticking of unrooted cuttings) to Day 7 (0.020 g to 0.047 g), root emergence was observed by Day 4, and by Day 7, the average length of primary roots was 2.6 cm. During any week that the M fertilizer was substituted for the C fertilizer, tissue N–P–K concentrations decreased compared with plants receiving the C fertilizer. For example, plants receiving the M fertilizer between Day 0 and 7 had 20% lower tissue-N concentration at Day 7 compared with those receiving the C fertilizer. Although both shoot DW and leaf count increased once macronutrient fertilization was resumed after Day 7, final shoot DW and leaf count were lower than plants receiving C fertilizer from Day 0 to 21. Time to first root emergence was unaffected by fertigation. Constant application of C resulted in a higher shoot-to-root ratio at Day 21 than all other treatments. Results emphasize the importance of early fertigation on petunia, a fast-rooting species, to maintain tissue nutrient levels within recommended ranges.

scholarly journals Slow-release Fertilizer Source and Rate Affects Fall Garden Mum Vegetative Growth

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 593e-593
Author(s):  
Edward Bush ◽  
Jeff Kuehny ◽  
Patricia Branch
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Three slow-release fertilizer formulations (Osmocote 14–14–14, 18–6–12, and Nutricote 17–6–10) at three rates (1, 2, and 3 lb/yd3) were incorporated into 4 pine bark: 1 sand (by volume) media filling 1-gal nursery containers. Additional treatments included slow-release fertilizer formulations at 1 lb/yd3 fertigated with 100 ppm N 20–10–20 fertilizer. As fertilizer rates increased, vegetative height, width, and dry-weight accumulation generally increased for both pinched and no-pinch mum crops. Fertigated pinch and no-pinch mums were the largest plants with the greatest dry-weight accumulation for each fertilizer formulation. The high rate for all slow-release fertilizers produced the greatest vegetative growth for nonfertigated treatments. This research suggest that higher rates for incorporated slow-release fertilizers and/or fertigation are required to produce maximum vegetative growth.

scholarly journals REAP supplemental fertilizer improves greenhouse crop yield

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Backer ◽  
Damian Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackgroundMine tailings contain rare earth elements, including lanthanum and cerium, and plant micronutrients including iron. Previous studies have demonstrated that fertilizers containing rare earth elements and/or micronutrients can influence plant physiology, nutrient uptake and crop yield. However, applying the right dose of these fertilizers is critical since the concentration range associated with benefits is often narrow, and overapplication can lead to crop yield reductions. This study aimed to quantify the effects of a water-soluble fertilizer, REAP, on the yield of greenhouse crops.MethodsIn the first experiment, the effects of three concentrations of REAP (100, 250 or 500 ppm) were compared to a control (0 ppm REAP) on growth of lettuce, tomato and pepper growing in soilless media. In the second experiments, the effects of REAP applied at higher rates (500, 1000 and 2000 ppm) were compared to a control (0 ppm REAP) on the growth of lettuce, peppers, tomato and cantaloupe.ResultsIn the first experiment, there were no significant differences in yield between treatments, REAP appeared to promote root development. In the second experiment, there were significant yield increases for all crops treated with REAP. Gas exchange rates and nutrient concentration of tomato plants receiving REAP were not significantly different from the control. These results demonstrated that nutrient elements in REAP, including lanthanum, cerium, and micronutrients, improved the growth and yield of vegetable crops when applied at rates ranging from 500 to 2000 ppm.

scholarly journals CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZER REGIMES INFLUENCE PRODUCTION AND POSTPRODUCTION QUALITY OF POTTED CHRYSANTHEMUMS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1092d-1092
Author(s):  
T.L. Prince ◽  
H.K. Tayama ◽  
T.A. Prince ◽  
N.R. Bhat ◽  
S.A. Carver
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Floral Longevity ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Senescence ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes

Controlled-release fertilizers (CRF), Nutricote 14N–6.2P-11.6K or Osmocote 14N-6.2P-11.6K, at the recommended rate (1×) and at half that rate (0.5×) plus 200 mg/l N of Peter's 20N-4.4P-16.6K water soluble fertilizer at every irrigation were applied to potted chrysanthemums cv. `Bright Golden Anne' and `Torch'. Production and postproduction quality was evaluated. CRF applications (1×) resulted in reductions of plant height (-10%), plant diameter (-17%), leaf area (-35%), and leaf dry weight (-47%), but did not affect number of flowers compared to plants receiving only water soluble fertilizer. Application of water soluble fertilizer with CRF (0.5×) increased foliar nutrient levels above water soluble fertilizer application alone, or above either CRF (1×). CRF applications (1×) resulted in improved floral longevity (up to +8 days) and flower color rating (up to +54%), and less foliar senescence (up to -45%) than the water soluble fertilizer application alone, or either of the CRFS (0.5×) used with water soluble fertilizer.

scholarly journals Influence of Water-soluble and Slow-release Fertilizers on Growth of Pot Carnation in C-Channel Mat Irrigation System

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 770A-770
Author(s):  
Chun Ho Pak* ◽  
Seung Won Kang ◽  
Chiwon W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Number Of Branches

The influence of water-soluble fertilizer (WSF, 3 different formulations) and slow-release fertilizer (SRF, Osmocote, 14N-6.2P-11.6K) on the growth and quality of potted carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. Invitation) in a C-channel mat irrigation system was investigated. When fertilized with 0.4, 0.8, or 2.0 g·L-1 of WSF (20N-7.9P-16.6K for weeks 1-4, 13K-0.1P-18.8K for weeks 5-11, and 15N-0P-12.5K for weeks 12-15), the 0.8 g·L-1 solution produced the highest quality plants as determined by total shoot fresh and dry weights, leaf area and number, plant height, and number of branches per pot. The quality of plants grown with 0.4 g·L-1 or 2.0 g·L-1 WSF solution was also commercially acceptable. The growth rate of all plants began to accelerate at around 60 days after treatment started, with some variation with the fertilizer treatments. Plants began to show a reduced growth rate at around 90 days from the treatment when they underwent a phase change from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Plants grown with SRF alone were less vigorous than those grown with WSF, especially when temperature was lower. Results of this study indicate that high quality pot carnations can be produced, using a reduced amount of fertilizer applied to the C-channel mat irrigation system.

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