scholarly journals Controlled-release Fertilizer during Cutting Propagation Affects Growth and Tissue Nutrient Concentrations of Rooted Cuttings of Annual Bedding Plants

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Currey ◽  
Roberto G. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Tissue Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Soilless Substrate ◽  
The Impact

Our objectives were to quantify the effects of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on the growth, morphology, and tissue nutrient concentration of annual bedding plants during propagation. Unrooted cuttings of Angelonia angustifolia ‘AngelFace White’ and ‘Sundancer Pink’, Impatiens hawkeri ‘Celebrette Apricot’ and ‘Celebrette Rose Hot’, Nemesia fruticans ‘Bluebird’ and ‘Raspberry Sachet’, Pelargonium ×hortorum ‘Savannah Red’, and Petunia ×hybrida ‘Cascadia Marshmallow Pink’ and ‘Suncatcher Yellow’ were received from a commercial propagator. Cuttings were immediately stuck individually in cells containing soilless substrate supplemented with 0, 3, 6, 12, or 24 g·L−1 CRF (Osmocote Plus 15–3.9–10 3–4 month) and placed under clear mist water or cuttings were stuck in substrate containing no CRF and fertilized with water-soluble fertilizer beginning immediately after placing cuttings into propagation. Shoot dry mass of cuttings grown in substrates containing up to 12 or 24 g·L−1 CRF increased by up to 150% for some taxa compared with unfertilized cuttings. Incorporating CRFs into propagation substrates increased the concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in tissues by up to 103%, 42%, and 137%, respectively, compared with unfertilized cuttings. Additionally, tissue nutrient concentrations for cuttings fertilized with 6 g·L−1 CRF or greater were similar to cuttings receiving water-soluble fertilizer (WSF). When the impact of CRF on growth and nutrient concentrations are taken together, our results indicate that CRF is a fertilization application technology that holds promise for use during propagation of herbaceous stem-tip cuttings.

scholarly journals Effects of Controlled-Release Fertilizer Placement on Nutrient Leaching and Growth of Bedding Impatiens

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
G.A. Andiru ◽  
C.C. Pasian ◽  
J.M. Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

Bedding impatiens plants were grown with a 16N-3.9P-10K controlled-release-fertilizer (CRF) of 5–6 or 8–9 month longevities placed at four positions in the container: top-dressed, incorporated, top-one-third, and bottom. These were compared to plants grown with a 20N-4.4P-16.6 water-soluble fertilizer (WSF) at a rate of 150 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N) (150 ppm N). All treatments received the same volume of tap water (CRF treatments) or fertilizer solution (WSF treatment), which was enough to achieve a 20 to 30% leaching fraction. Leachates were collected and measured at each irrigation and the concentrations of N, phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) were measured. Shoot dry weight (SDW) and canopy cover (CC) were also determined. Fertilizing with WSF produced plants of similar size as CRF treatments. CRF applied at the bottom of the substrate leached the highest amount of N among all treatments. Higher concentrations for most nutrients were measured in the leachates from containers treated with 5–6 month CRF during the first 20 d after planting than the next 23 to 34 days. The higher levels of nutrients in the leachates observed within two weeks after planting does not support the use of 5–6 month CRF at the application rates used in this experiment with short-cycle plants such as bedding plants in compared to use of WSF. Except for the bottom placement treatment, the use of 8–9 month CRF resulted in generally less nutrients leached than WSF.

scholarly journals 503 PB 219 RECYCLING SOLUTIONS AND METHOD OF FERTILIZATION INFLUENCE GROWTH OF HYBRID GERANIUM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 503e-503
Author(s):  
Patricia R. Knight ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Harry G. Ponder
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Production Medium ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Receiving Water

Seed geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey `Scarlet Elite') were grown in subirrigation troughs in 10-cm pots from 25 June to 3 August 1993. Production medium was a 1 pine bark:3 peat moss:1 perlite (v:v:v) mixture. Plants were irrigated using fresh or recycled solutions and fertilized using Peter's Geranium Special 15N-6.5P-12.5K or Osmocote 14N-6.1P-11.6K. Controlled release fertilizer produced greater shoot dry weights and foliar color ratings than plants receiving water soluble fertilizer. Plants receiving a controlled release fertilizer had lower shoot N concentrations than plants receiving water soluble fertilizer. Recycled irrigation solutions reduced plant quality regardless of method of fertilization.

scholarly journals Influence of Compost Aging and Fertilizer Regimes on the Growth of Bedding Plants, Transplants and Poinsettia

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54
Author(s):  
Judith R. Purman ◽  
Francis R. Gouin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dianthus Barbatus ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Dewatered Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes

Abstract Rooted cuttings of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Clotzsch ‘Amy’) and seedlings of bibb lettuce (Lactusa sativa L.), baldhead cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata), sweet william (Dianthus barbatus L.) and pansy (Viola & Wittrockiana Gams.) were grown in Sunshine Mix and 7 experimental media containing 30-day-old (“New”) or 90-day-old (“Aged”) cocompost (polymer dewatered sewage sludge composted with processed garbage), perlite or vermiculite, and peatmoss. Plants were fertilized biweekly with water soluble fertilizer of 25N-2.2P-16.6K (25-5-20) at 250 ppm of N applied at 0, 1 or 2 wks after transplanting. The growth of all species did not vary with compost age. Dianthus and pansy plants grown in 50% “New” compost and dianthus grown in 25% “New” compost produced significantly lower top dry mass than those grown in Sunshine Mix. All other treatments for cabbage, lettuce, dianthus and pansy showed no significant difference in top growth from those grown in Sunshine Mix. Poinsettia plants grown in Sunshine Mix produced greater total growth than all other treatments except those grown in equal portions of “New” compost, peat and perlite. Lettuce and cabbage leaf tissue contained cadmium levels less than 0.5 ppm regardless of compost level.

scholarly journals Quantifying Water and Nutrient Losses with Hose Irrigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
G.A. Andiru ◽  
C.C. Pasian ◽  
J.M. Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Soilless Substrate

The amount of water, nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and iron (Fe) lost from potted impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook. f.) plants fertilized with either controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) of varying longevities or a water-soluble fertilizer (WSF), with irrigation provided with a hose in all treatments, was quantified. The plants were grown in a sphagnum peat-based soilless substrate containing either CRF [Osmocote Plus 16-9-12 (16-3.9-10-0.46 N:P:K:Fe), 5 to 6 month and or 8-to 9 month longevities] incorporated (6.8 kg·m−3 or 11.5 lb·yd−3) throughout the substrate and compared with plants fertigated with a WSF [Peters Professional 20-10-20 (20-4.4-1.66-0.1 N:P:K:Fe) at 150 mg·L−1 (150 ppm) N]. The container-grown plants were placed on top of plastic cups and located inside a plastic box. Municipal water or mineral nutrient solution leached from each container and lost between containers was captured, quantified and analyzed for N, P, and Fe concentrations. As an average for the three treatments, 25.6% of the total water applied was leached out of the pots and 34% fell between the pots. Six weeks after starting the experiment, leachate from pots fertilized with WSF had approximately a 92% higher concentration of N, 96% more P, and 69% more Fe than the concentrations in leachate from CRF-fertilized pots. These results quantify the assumed inefficiencies of using a hose as the primary fertilizer delivery method.

scholarly journals Effects of Fertilizer on Media Chemistry and Red-flowering Currant Seedling Growth Using a Subirrigation System

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1862-1871
Author(s):  
Layla J. Dunlap ◽  
Jeremiah R. Pinto ◽  
Anthony S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
The Media ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

Water conservation in nursery systems is an ever-increasing focus, yet there is relatively little guidance for growers producing seedlings intended for restoration regarding how practices such as subirrigation influence plant growth in the nursery and after outplanting. Our study investigated red-flowering currant (Ribes sanguineum Pursh) seedling development and early field performance using different fertilizer treatments under a subirrigation regime. Plants were fertilized with 1) incorporated organic fertilizer, 2) incorporated controlled-release fertilizer, 3) top-dressed controlled-release fertilizer, or 4) water-soluble fertilizer. We found that seedlings grown with organic fertilizer used significantly less water than all other treatments. Media electrical conductivity (EC) levels were significantly greater in the organic fertilizer treatment, and EC values in the top portion of the media were significantly greater than the middle or bottom portions for all fertilizer treatments. The remaining subirrigation water at the end of 22 weeks held 17% of applied nitrogen (N) from the water-soluble fertilizer treatment and less than 1% of applied N from the other fertilizer treatments. We observed no differences in plant morphology among fertilizer treatments. Seedlings were subsequently out-planted into low- and high-competition treatments, where myriad factors indicated reduced growth among high-competition compared with low-competition plots, highlighting that competition for soil water limited seedling performance. These results indicate that a variety of fertilizers can be used to grow red-flowering currant under subirrigation and that postplanting growth is enhanced with control of competing vegetation.

scholarly journals Fertilizer Source and Irrigation Depth Affect Nutrient Leaching During Coleus Container Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Kayla R. Sanders ◽  
Jeffrey S. Beasley ◽  
Edward W. Bush ◽  
Stacia L. Conger
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Leaching ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Container Production

Abstract Nutrient leaching during nursery container production can have negative effects on plant growth and the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of fertilizer source at two irrigation depths on nutrient leaching during coleus [Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) Codd] ‘Solar Sunrise' container production to develop best management practices. Coleus received no fertilizer, a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF), or a water-soluble fertilizer (WSF) applied at 0.30 kg N and P per m3 (0.02 lb per ft3) and were irrigated at 1.9 or 3.8 cm.day−1 (0.7 or 1.5 in.day−1) for 56 days after planting (DAP). Leachate was analyzed every 7 DAP for inorganic N and dissolved total P (DTP). At 56 DAP, root biomass, leaf quality, and plant growth index were similar between CRF and WSF treatments at both irrigation depths. Highest inorganic N and DTP losses occurred within 21 DAP. Application of WSF resulted in higher cumulative N and DTP losses compared to CRF applications. Coleus irrigated at 3.8 cm.day−1 and fertilized with WSF resulted in higher DTP losses compared to CRF applications regardless of irrigation depth. Reducing irrigation reduced inorganic N leaching for each fertilizer source. Application of CRF provided consistent growth while curbing nutrient losses across both irrigation depths compared to WSF. Index words: controlled-release fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer, nursery producers, best management practices. Chemicals used in this study: Micronutrients mix (Micromax®); controlled-release fertilizer (Osmocote® Classic); water-soluble fertilizer (Grower's Special). Species used in this study: Coleus [Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) Codd] ‘Solar Sunrise'.

scholarly journals Mid-Season Reapplication of Controlled Release Fertilizers Affect ‘Helleri’ Holly Growth and N Content of Substrate Solution and Effluent

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Melinda C. Shiflett ◽  
Alex X. Niemiera ◽  
Carol E. Leda
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
N Content ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Substrate Solution ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Leaching Fraction ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine how a mid-season CRF (controlled release fertilizer) reapplication to container-grown Ilex crenata ‘Helleri’ Thunb. affected growth, substrate solution N content, and the amount on N leached compared to a single early season CRF application (control). ‘Helleri’ holly liners were initially fertilized (March 7) with an 8 to 9 month CRF, Osmocote 18N-2.6P-9.9K (18-6-12), or a 12 to 14 month CRF, Osmocote 17N-3.1P-9.9K (17-7-12). A subset of plants received a CRF reapplication (half rate) of the respective Osmocote formulation on July 19, August 2, or August 16. In addition, 12 plants received a water soluble fertilizer solution (WSF) with each irrigation starting on July 19. All effluent was collected and analyzed for N. Substrate solution N and electrical conductivity (EC) levels (via the pour-through method) and foliar N concentrations were determined every two weeks. Throughout the experiment, plants were irrigated with an irrigation amount that resulted in an ≈ 0.25 leaching fraction (LF). Plant width was determined on November 1. Plant width values were higher for the first and second reapplication and WSF treatments for both formulations than the control. However, in terms of commercial size grades, plants of all treatments were in the same grade. Thus, there was no economic advantage to reapplying CRF. We concluded that CRF reapplication was not necessary when substrate solution N and foliar N values were ≥ 20 mg N/liter and ≥ 2.3%, respectively. Irrigating at a LF of 0.2, the mid-season CRF application increased the amount of N lost from containers by 42% compared to a single, early season CRF application.

scholarly journals 257 LEAF PETIOLE NITRATE AND POTASSIUM LEVELS IN POTTED PLANTS GROWN AT THREE NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM LEVELS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 466e-466
Author(s):  
Erica M. Bergman ◽  
Michelle Marshal ◽  
Brian Weesies ◽  
Bill Argo ◽  
John Biernbaum
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Petiole Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Twelve species of flowering potted plants were grown in a peat-based medium with water soluble fertilizer concentrations of 50, 100, or 200 mg·liter-1 N and K2O. Leaf blade or leaf petiole samples were collected six to eight weeks after planting. Sap was expressed using a hydraulic press and levels of nitrate nitrogen and potassium were determined using Cardy flat sensor ion meters. Petiole nitrate level ranged from 520 to 6300 mg·liter-1 and potassium levels ranged from 870 to 3600 mg·liter-1. The petiole nitrate concentration and change in petiole nitrate levels with changes in media nitrate levels was crop dependent. Leaf blade nitrate and potassium concentrations were lower than leaf petiole concentrations. The relationship of petiole nitrate to final plant fresh and dry mass and appearance at flowering will be presented.

scholarly journals Comparing the Adequacy of Controlled-release and Water-soluble Fertilizers for Bedding Plant Production

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Camberato ◽  
James J. Camberato ◽  
Roberto G. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Quality Rating

Four complete water-soluble fertilizer (WSF) formulations including micronutrients applied at 200 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N) at each irrigation [Peters Excel (21N–2.2P–16.5K), Daniels (10N–1.8P–2.5K), Peters Professional (15N–1.3P–20.8K), and Jack’s Professional (20N–1.3P–15.7K)] were compared with two controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) products (also containing micronutrients) substrate incorporated at transplant at a rate of 3000 g·m−3 of substrate [Osmocote Plus (15N–4P–9.9K, 90 to 120 days longevity at 21 °C) and Osmocote Bloom (12N–3.1P–15K, 60 to 90 days longevity at 21 °C)] in the greenhouse production of four commonly produced bedding plant species with high alkalinity irrigation water (pH 7.1, 280 mg·L−1 CaCO3 equivalent). Species included Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch. Bip. ‘Madeira Cherry Red’ and iron-inefficient Calibrachoa Cerv. hybrid ‘Cabaret Pink Hot’, Diascia barberae Hook. f. ‘Wink Coral’, and Sutera cordata Roth ‘Abunda Giant White’. Additional treatments included a combination of 100 mg·L−1 Excel and 2100 g·m−3 Osmocote Plus and an Osmocote Plus treatment irrigated with reduced alkalinity water (acidified to pH 6.3, 92 mg·L−1 CaCO3 equivalent). Bedding plants were evaluated at the end of a finish or market stage (3 or 5 weeks depending on species) for shoot dry mass (SDM) and root dry mass (RDM), tissue nutrient concentrations, and visual quality rating (0 to 4). At 3 weeks, there were no significant differences in SDM and RDM between fertilizer treatments for any of the four species. Shoot dry mass significantly increased at 5 weeks in the WSF and combination treatments over the three CRF only treatments for Argyranthemum and over the non-acidified Osmocote Plus treatment only for Calibrachoa. At finish, 3 weeks for Sutera and Diascia and 5 weeks for Argyranthemum and Calibrachoa, visual quality rating for all species was lowest when using Osmocote Plus with or without acidified irrigation water compared with the WSF treatments, except the Daniels treatment in Argyranthemum, which also resulted in a low visual quality rating. Leaf tissue N for all species and phosphorus (P) for all except Diascia were below the recommended range for bedding plant crops in the CRF treatments, which was reflected by the lower substrate electrical conductivity (EC) for the CRF alone and combination treatments. Leaf tissue N and P were related to visual quality rating for all species, leaf tissue potassium (K) for Argyranthemum and Calibrachoa only, and leaf tissue iron (Fe) for Diascia only.

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