scholarly journals Intercropping Seedless Watermelon and Cotton

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1799-1803
Author(s):  
Gilbert Miller ◽  
Jeremy Greene
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Hollow Heart ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Seedless Watermelon

Intercropping of seedless watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. & Nak.] and cotton [Gossypium hirsutum (L.)] in the eastern geographical area of South Carolina requires changes in normal crop-management programs but has the potential to improve grower profits compared with typical production of each crop separately. The alteration and timing of several normal crop-production practices for both crops can present challenges and must be well-defined for successful intercropping of watermelon and cotton in the region. Notable adjustments in production for watermelon are delayed planting date, reduced row spacing and bed width, and modification of herbicide applications. Significant changes in normal cotton production also include modification of herbicide applications, but additional considerations, such as temporal limits on side-dressed fertilizer and insecticide applications, are needed because of the raised beds and plasticulture used for watermelons and also because of labeling restrictions for pesticides across crops. Research was conducted to 1) identify modifications in standard crop-management procedures for watermelon and cotton intercropping; and 2) determine the feasibility and profitability of intercropping the crops. Although there was a slight numerical reduction in intercropped watermelon yield each year, there were no significant differences in total watermelon yield between intercropping and watermelon monoculture in any of the years. There were also no significant differences in watermelon fruit quality parameters (size, brix, hard seed, hollow heart) in any of the years. Intercropped cotton yield was significantly less than monoculture cotton yields in each of the three years. The net income from intercropping in each year was slightly less than the net income from watermelon monoculture.

scholarly journals Influence of Diploid Pollinizer Frequencies on Triploid Watermelon Quality and Yields

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dena C. Fiacchino ◽  
S. Alan Walters
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Hollow Heart ◽  
Heart Disorder ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Frequency Interaction ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Triploid Watermelon

During the 1999 and 2000 growing seasons in Illinois, studies were conducted to determine the influence of two pollinizers (`Crimson Sweet' and `Fiesta') and three pollinizer frequencies (11%, 20%, and 33%) on `Millionaire' seedless watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) quality and yields. More large-sized [>16 lb (7.2 kg)] `Millionaire' watermelons were produced when `Crimson Sweet' was used as the pollinizer compared to `Fiesta', which resulted in `Crimson Sweet' leading to greater marketable and total `Millionaire' yields. Pollinizers responded similarly over the pollinizer frequencies for `Millionaire' watermelon yields as no pollinizer by pollinizer frequency interaction was observed. The 20% and 33% pollinizer frequencies produced similar `Millionaire' yields per acre and both resulted in greater yields compared to the 11% pollinizer frequency. Soluble solids in `Millionaire' fruits were not influenced by pollinizer or pollinizer frequency. However, hollow heart disorder followed a quadratic response with respect to pollinizer frequency with the lowest amount of hollow heart observed at the 33% pollinizer frequency and greatest at the 11% pollinizer frequency. No significant interaction (P ≤ 0.05) was observed for pollinizer by pollinizer frequency for hollow heart disorder in `Millionaire'; although, more hollow heart disorder in `Millionaire' was observed when `Fiesta' was used as the pollinizer.

scholarly journals Predicting Hollow Heart Incidence in Triploid Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1926-1930
Author(s):  
Marlee A. Trandel ◽  
Penelope Perkins-Veazie ◽  
Jonathan Schultheis
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Hollow Heart ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Triploid Watermelon

In triploid (seedless) watermelon [Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (Thunb. Matsum. and Nakai)], hollow heart (HH) is a disorder that is expressed as a crack in the center of the fruit that expands to an open cavity. Although HH incidence and severity is part of a screening process for marketable watermelon fruit during cultigen evaluations, HH incidence is highly variable with growing season, even when the best cultural practices are used. Placental tissue firmness is also measured because firmness is related to the marketability of watermelon and may be related to HH. Genetic and environmental factors can influence watermelon HH development, including plant genetics, pollen amount and viability, pollinator activity, and temperature and rainfall fluctuations. We used seedless watermelon cultigen evaluation data collected over 3 years (2012–14) to determine the relationship between germplasm HH and tissue firmness. Transplanted watermelon representing 30 to 44 cultigens per year were grown at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC, and interplanted with pollenizers ‘Ace’ and/or ‘SP-6’. Harvested fruit were cut length-wise and rated for HH incidence and severity. Flesh firmness was determined by a handheld penetrometer at five locations in the flesh (stem end, top side, ground spot, blossom end, and heart). A common cultigen subset, consisting of 13 cultigens that were grown in all three experiments, was used for analysis of HH severity and incidence, and placental firmness. The presence of HH was negatively correlated with tissue firmness in both the large multiyear cultigen set (R2 = −0.32; P = 0.0001) and the common cultigen set (R2 = −0.78; P = 0.0001). Cultigens with lower watermelon tissue firmness values had higher HH incidence and severity. By using multiyear cultigen studies and logistic regression, we were able to detect trends for cultigen susceptibility to this highly variable disorder. Using logistic regression, the probability of HH development was highest for ‘Bold Ruler’, ‘Liberty’, and ‘Affirmed’, and lowest for ‘Maxima’ and ‘Captivation’. The identification of cultigens with a tendency for higher or lower rates of HH will be useful for further research of the causes of HH. Measurements of placental flesh firmness may be useful indicators of susceptible cultigens.

scholarly journals Watermelon Seedling Growth, Fruit Yield, and Quality following Pretransplant Nutritional Conditioning

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1264-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
Robert J. Dufault
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Hollow Heart ◽  
Staminate Flower ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality

Pretransplant nutritional conditioning (PNC) of transplants during greenhouse production may improve recovery from transplanting stress and enhance earliness and yield of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. & Nakai]. Two greenhouse experiments (Expts. 1 and 2) and field experiments in South Carolina and North Carolina (Expt. 3) were conducted to evaluate N and P PNC effects on watermelon seedling growth and their effects on fruit yield and quality. `Queen of Hearts' triploid and `Crimson Sweet' diploid watermelon seedlings were fertilized with N from calcium nitrate at 25, 75, or 225 mg·liter–1 and P from calcium phosphate at 5, 15, or 45 mg·liter–1. In the greenhouse, most variation in the shoot fresh and dry weights, leaf count, leaf area, transplant height, and root dry weight in `Queen of Hearts' and `Crimson Sweet' was attributed to N. Cultivar interacted with N, affecting all seedling growth variables, but not leaf area in Expt. 2. To a lesser extent, in Expt. 1, but not in Expt. 2, P interacted with cultivar, N, or cultivar × N and affected shoot fresh and dry weights, leaf count and leaf area. In the field, transplant shock increased linearly with N, regardless of cultivar or field location. The effect of PNC on plant growth diminished as the growing season progressed. For both cultivars at both locations, N and P PNC did not affect time to first staminate flower, fruit set, fruit width or length, soluble solids concentration, or yield. Vining at Charleston for both cultivars was 2 days earlier when N was at 75 rather than 25 mg·liter–1, without further change with the high N rate. At Clinton, the first pistillate flower was delayed linearly the higher the N rate for `Crimson Sweet'. At Charleston, hollow heart in the `Queen of Hearts' increased nearly 3 times when N PNC rate was tripled (from 75 or 225 mg·liter–1), while N had no effect on hollow heart in `Crimson Sweet'. In contrast, at Clinton, hollow heart in either cultivar was affected by P PNC, not N. PNC with 25N–5P (in mg·liter–1) can be used to reduce seedling growth and produce a more compact plant for easier handling, yet not reduce fruit quality or yield.

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum. [Distribution map].

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Federated States Of Micronesia ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen. Ascomycota: Hypocreales. Hosts: watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, Mainland Greece, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Serbia, Spain, Mainland Spain, UK, Ukraine), Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, China, Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Menggu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Karnataka, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Sabah, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Turkey, Vietnam), Africa (Egypt, South Africa, Tunisia), North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico, USA, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin), Central America and Caribbean (Panama), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Pernambuco, Sao Paulo, Chile), Oceania (Australia, Western Australia, Federated States of Micronesia, New Zealand, Palau).

Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli. [Distribution map].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Mariana Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Northern Mariana Islands ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Schaad et al.) Willems et al. Bacteria Hosts: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), melon (Cucumis melo) and other cucurbits. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Israel, Turkey, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, OCEANIA, Australia, Queensland, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands.

scholarly journals Risk Management Strategies to Reduce Net Income Variability for Farmers

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Falatoonzadeh ◽  
J. Richard Conner ◽  
Rulon D. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Combination Strategy ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Price Risks ◽  
The Many

AbstractThe most useful and practical strategy available for reducing variability of net farm income is ascertained. Of the many risk management tools presently available, five of the most commonly used are simultaneously incorporated in an empirically tested model. Quadratic programming provides the basis for decisionmaking in risk management wherein expected utility is assumed to be a function of the mean and variance of net income. Results demonstrate that farmers can reduce production and price risks when a combination strategy including a diversified crop production plan and participation in the futures market and the Federal Crop Insurance Program (FCIP) is implemented.

scholarly journals Pre-Sowing Irrigation Plus Surface Fertilization Improves Morpho-Physiological Traits and Sustaining Water-Nitrogen Productivity of Cotton

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Zongkui Chen ◽  
Hongyun Gao ◽  
Fei Hou ◽  
Aziz Khan ◽  
Honghai Luo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Nitrogen Productivity

The changing climatic conditions are causing erratic rains and frequent episodes of moisture stress; these impose a great challenge to cotton productivity by negatively affecting plant physiological, biochemical and molecular processes. This situation requires an efficient management of water-nutrient to achieve optimal crop production. Wise use of water-nutrient in cotton production and improved water use-efficiency may help to produce more crop per drop. We hypothesized that the application of nitrogen into deep soil layers can improve water-nitrogen productivity by promoting root growth and functional attributes of cotton crop. To test this hypothesis, a two-year pot experiment under field conditions was conducted to explore the effects of two irrigation levels (i.e., pre-sowing irrigation (W80) and no pre-sowing irrigation (W0)) combined with different fertilization methods (i.e., surface application (F10) and deep application (F30)) on soil water content, soil available nitrogen, roots morpho-physiological attributes, dry mass and water-nitrogen productivity of cotton. W80 treatment increased root length by 3.1%–17.5% in the 0–40 cm soil layer compared with W0. W80 had 11.3%–52.9% higher root nitrate reductase activity in the 10–30 cm soil layer and 18.8%–67.9% in the 60–80 cm soil layer compared with W0. The W80F10 resulted in 4.3%–44.1% greater root nitrate reductase activity compared with other treatments in the 0–30 cm soil layer at 54–84 days after emergence. Water-nitrogen productivity was positively associated with dry mass, water consumption, root length and root nitrate reductase activity. Our data highlighted that pre-sowing irrigation coupled with basal surface fertilization is a promising option in terms of improved cotton root growth. Functioning in the surface soil profile led to a higher reproductive organ biomass production and water-nitrogen productivity.

scholarly journals Agronomic and Environmental Aspects of Conservation Agriculture on Wheat Crop Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
A. Bista ◽  
T.N. Joshi ◽  
K. Biswokarma ◽  
S. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Hollow Heart ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Tuber Production ◽  
Potassium Application

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the major vegetable crops of Nepal. Potato is grown all over the globe and consumed as either vegetable or staple food depending upon the crop production scenario. It is also an integral part of human diet. Potato is a high nutrient mining crop and needs higher fertilization for economic tuber production. Despite sufficient application of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P2O5), low replenishment and widespread potassium deficiency are limiting the potato production in Nepalese condition. Growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll% was positively correlated with potassium application. Potassium alleviated stresses of frost and drought and reduced incidence of diseases like late blight, black scurf and hollow heart. Potassium also decreased the reducing sugar content and improved chips color and quality. Similarly, potassium application before harvest was found to increase storage life of potato tubers. Furthermore, potassium application significantly increased the yield of potato tubers and quality parameters such as Vitamin C content and specific gravity. Source of potassium and method of potassium application also affected growth, yield and quality parameters. Soil application of potassium in splits coupled with foliar spay was found to perform better.  Optimum dose of potassium was recommended for economic tuber production Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 161-166  

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