scholarly journals In Vitro Effects of Five Different Classes of Fungicides on Growth and Development of Botrytis cinerea Isolated from Tree Peony in China

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1984-1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuee Tian ◽  
Zhiping Che ◽  
Di Sun ◽  
Jiaxuan He ◽  
Shengming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea has become an important limiting factor for tree peony production. Currently, chemical control is still the main means of managing the disease in China. The objective of this study was to test fungicides with different mechanisms of action in controlling B. cinerea on tree peony. The inhibitory efficacy of five fungicides on four asexual stages was measured in the petri dish containing culture medium amended with a tested fungicide at various concentrations. The results showed that carbendazim had the strongest inhibition effect against all four stages of B. cinerea, with the EC50 values of 0.1037, 0.0563, 0.5578, and 0.0797 mg·L–1, respectively. The inhibitory effect of diethofencarb was only slightly less than that of carbendazim on conidia production, germination, and germ tube elongation. The inhibitory effect of procymidone was second only to that of carbendazim on colony expansion. The results indicated that carbendazim and diethofencarb could be used as protective fungicides to spray in the early stage of disease occurrence to inhibit conidia germination and germ tube elongation, so as to reduce the infection rate of B. cinerea and prevent disease occurrence. Carbendazim, procymidone, and diethofencarb mainly inhibit the reinfection of B. cinerea by inhibiting the growth of mycelium and the production of conidia, so they could be used as control fungicides during the occurrence phase of the disease.

scholarly journals Saprophytic microorganisms with potential for biological control of Botrytis cinerea on Geraldton waxflower flowers

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Beasley ◽  
D. C. Joyce ◽  
L. M. Coates ◽  
A. H. Wearing
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Flower Abscission ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

Saprophytic bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi were isolated from Geraldton waxflower flowers and screened to identify potential antagonism towards Botrytis cinerea. Isolates from other sources (e.g. avocado) were also tested. Isolates were initially screened in vitro for inhibition of B. cinerea conidial germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial growth. The most antagonistic bacteria, yeasts and fungi were selected for further testing on detached waxflower flowers. Conidia of the pathogen were mixed with conidia or cells of the selected antagonists, co-inoculated onto waxflower flowers, and the flowers were sealed in glass jars and incubated at 20˚C. The number of days required for the pathogen to cause flower abscission was determined. The most antagonistic bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas sp. 677, significantly reduced conidial germination and retarded germ tube elongation of B. cinerea. None of the yeast or fungal isolates tested was found to significantly reduce conidial germination or retard germ tube elongation, but several significantly inhibited growth of B. cinerea. Fusarium sp., Epicoccum sp. and Trichoderma spp. were the most antagonistic of these isolates. Of the isolates tested on waxflower, Pseudomonas sp. 677 was highly antagonistic towards B. cinerea and delayed waxflower abscission by about 3 days. Trichoderma harzianum also significantly delayed flower abscission. However, as with most of the fungal antagonists used, inoculation of waxflower flowers with this isolate resulted in unsightly mycelial growth.

scholarly journals A Potential Nutraceutical Candidate Lactucin Inhibits Adipogenesis through Downregulation of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway-Mediated Mitotic Clonal Expansion

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Guo He Cai ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Xiao Chen Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Stat3 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mitotic Clonal Expansion

The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically worldwide in the past ~50 years. Searching for safe and effective anti-obesity strategies are urgently needed. Lactucin, a plant-derived natural small molecule, is known for anti-malaria and anti-hyperalgesia. The study is to investigate whether lactucin plays a key role in adipogenesis. To this end, in vivo male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with 20 mg/kg/day of lactucin or vehicle by gavage for seven weeks. Compared with vehicle-treated controls, Lactucin-treated mice showed lower body mass and mass of adipose tissue. Consistently, in vitro 3T3-L1 cells were treated with 20 μM of lactucin. Compared to controls, lactucin-treated cells showed significantly less lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation and lower levels of lipid synthesis markers. Mechanistically, we showed the anti-adipogenic property of lactucin was largely limited to the early stage of adipogenesis. Lactucin-treated cells fail to undergo mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). Further studies demonstrate that lactucin-induced MCE arrests might result from reduced phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. We then asked whether activation of JAK2/STAT3 would restore the inhibitory effect of lactucin on adipogenesis with pharmacological STAT3 activator colivelin. Our results revealed similar levels of lipid accumulation between lactucin-treated cells and controls in the presence of colivelin, indicating that inactivation of STAT3 is the limiting factor for the anti-adipogenesis of lactucin in these cells. Together, our results provide the indication that lactucin exerts an anti-adipogenesis effect, which may open new therapeutic options for obesity.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of Pseudomonas spp. on the development of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bryk ◽  
B. Dyki ◽  
P. Sobiczewski
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

The influence of antagonistic Pseudomonas spp. on the development of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum was studied in liquid cultures. Two strains of Pseudomonas spp. (B194 and B224), originally isolated from apple leaves and fruits, respectively, inhibited spore germination and germ tube elongation of B. cinerea or P. expansum. The inhibitory effect depended on the concentration of bacteria in the cultures. After a prolonged time of incubation (48–76 h) lysis and fragmentation of hyphae of both fungi was observed. In some cases the hyphae of B. cinerea developed abnormally if the bacterial strains were present – the hyphal tips were swollen and ball-shaped spore-like structures aggregated in chains were formed.

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of Biocontrol Effects on Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol (DON) Accumulation by DON-Degrading Bacteria

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Morimura ◽  
Michihiro Ito ◽  
Shigenobu Yoshida ◽  
Motoo Koitabashi ◽  
Seiya Tsushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereals is a severe disease caused by the Fusarium graminearum species complex. It leads to the accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in grains and other plant tissues and causes substantial economic losses throughout the world. DON is one of the most troublesome mycotoxins because it is a virulence factor to host plants, including wheat, and exhibits toxicity to plants and animals. To control both FHB and DON accumulation, a biological control approach using DON-degrading bacteria (DDBs) is promising. Here, we performed a disease control assay using an in vitro petri dish test composed of germinated wheat seeds inoculated with F. graminearum (Fg) and DDBs. Determination of both grown leaf lengths and hyphal lesion lengths as a measure of disease severity showed that the inoculation of seeds with the DDBs Devosia sp. strain NKJ1 and Nocardioides spp. strains SS3 or SS4 were protective against the leaf growth inhibition caused by Fg. Furthermore, it was as effective against DON accumulation. The inoculation with strains SS3 or SS4 also reduced the inhibitory effect on leaves treated with 10 µg mL−1 DON solution (without Fg). These results indicate that the DDBs partially suppress the disease by degrading DON.

scholarly journals Antifungal Efficacy of Plant Oils Containing Thymol and Carvacrol in Controlling Botrytis cinerea, the Causal Agent of Grape (Vitis vinifera) GrayMould

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Zaker M ◽  
Zaker L
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
Antifungal Efficacy ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

The efficacy of a large number of plant extracts and essential oils in controlling plant diseases has been proven worldwide. Botrytis cinerea has attacked a wide host range causing severe loss in the field and at storage. In this study the antifungal efficacy of essential oils of three medicinal plants namely wild marjoram (Zataria multifolia), wild savory (perennial) (Satureja mutica) and savory (annual) (Satureja hortensis) possessing these compounds at three concentrations: 50, 100 and 200 ppm were evaluated in controlling the mycelial growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation of B. cinerea. All treatments except savory (annual) essential oil at 50 ppm showed significant differences with the control in inhibiting the mycelial growth as well as spore germination and germ tube elongation of B. cinerea (p=0.01). It was also noted that wild marjoram at 100 ppm and wild savory (perennial) essential oils at 200 ppm could completely (100%) inhibit the growth of the fungus. Essential oils from wild marjoram and wild savory had higher antifungal activity than annual savory. Their suitable formulations could be prepared and used as safe alternatives for controlling moulds of horticultural products during storage. The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 15-24

scholarly journals In Vitro Effect of Local Anesthetics onCandida albicansGerm Tube Formation

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acácio Rodrigues ◽  
Cidália Pina Vaz ◽  
A. Freitas Fonseca ◽  
J. Martinez de Oliveira ◽  
Henrique Barros
Keyword(s):  
Germ Tube ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective:This study was planned to clarify the in vitro effect of lidocaine and bupivacaine on germ tube formation byCandida albicansisolates from cases of clinical vaginal candidiasis.Methods:FourteenC. albicansstrains (clinical vaginal isolates) were grown on Sabouraud agar for 24 h at 37℃ and tested as follows: 100 μl of a yeast suspension [105colony forming units (CFU)/ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS)] was added to 500 μl of fresh human serum with lidocaine or bupivacaine (pure salts) in serial concentrations. The test was run in duplicate. Controls were prepared for each strain. After 4 h of incubation at 37℃, samples were taken from each vial and 200 yeasts were counted in a counting chamber. The pH of each suspension was measured.Results:The results are given as the mean of the 2 readings and are expressed as the percentage of blastoconidia with germ tubes/total blastoconidia.Conclusions:Our experiments show that both lidocaine and bupivacaine have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect, pH-independent, on germ tube formation byC. albicansand that both drugs seem to be promising in the treatment of genital candidiasis due to the combination of anesthetic and antifungal properties.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Dihydroartemisinin on the Proliferation and Migration of Melanoma Cells and Experimental Lung Metastasis From Melanoma in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Linbo Jin ◽  
Quanxin Jin ◽  
Qiang Wei ◽  
Mingyuan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
B16f10 Cells ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Capacity

Melanoma is aggressive and can metastasize in the early stage of tumor. It has been proved that dihydroartemisinin (DHA) positively affects the treatment of tumors and has no apparent toxic and side effects. Our previous research has shown that DHA can suppress the formation of melanoma. However, it remains poorly established how DHA impacts the invasion and metastasis of melanoma. In this study, B16F10 and A375 cell lines and metastatic tumor models will be used to investigate the effects of DHA. The present results demonstrated that DHA inhibited the proliferative capacity in A375 and B16F10 cells. As expected, the migration capacity of A375 and B16F10 cells was also reduced after DHA administration. DHA alleviated the severity and histopathological changes of melanoma in mice. DHA induced expansion of CD8+CTL in the tumor microenvironment. By contrast, DHA inhibited Treg cells infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. DHA enhanced apoptosis of melanoma by regulating FasL expression and Granzyme B secretion in CD8+CTLs. Moreover, DHA impacts STAT3-induced EMT and MMPS in tumor tissue. Furthermore, Metabolomics analysis indicated that PGD2 and EPA significantly increased after DHA administration. In conclusion, DHA inhibited the proliferation, migration and metastasis of melanoma in vitro and in vivo. These results have important implications for the potential use of DHA in the treatment of melanoma in humans.

scholarly journals Lignan from Alnus japonica Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation via Cell Cycle and FOXO1 Regulation

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3346
Author(s):  
Hyejin Lee ◽  
Ji Hye Jeong ◽  
Jae-Ha Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Alnus Japonica ◽  
Akt Phosphorylation ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Mitotic Clonal Expansion

In the present study, we isolated a lignan ((−)-(2R,3R)-1,4-O-diferuloylsecoisolariciresinol, DFS) from Alnus japonica and evaluated its antiobesity potential in vitro. We also determined its mechanism of action in a mouse pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 cell line. DFS dose- and day-dependently inhibited adipogenesis by downregulation of adipogenic factors and lipid metabolism-regulating factors during adipocyte differentiation. In particular, DFS suppressed cell cycle-regulating factors and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, implying that it had an inhibitory effect on mitotic clonal expansion which occurred at an early stage of adipogenesis. DFS also suppressed adipogenesis through decreasing Akt phosphorylation and increasing the level of Forkhead box protein-O1 (FOXO1). These results suggest that DFS may be a pharmacological candidate for the development of antiobesity, therapeutic, and nutraceutical products.

scholarly journals Response of Aspergillus niger Inoculated on Tomatoes Exposed to Vapor Phase Mustard Essential Oil for Short or Long Periods and Sensory Evaluation of Treated Tomatoes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Elena Aguilar-González ◽  
Enrique Palou ◽  
Aurelio López-Malo
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mustard Essential Oil

The inhibitory effect of mustard essential oil (EO) in vapor phase against Aspergillus niger was evaluated in vitro and in vivo (in tomatoes). Mold response in tomatoes exposed for short or long periods to selected concentrations of mustard EO was also evaluated. Furthermore, a sensory evaluation was also performed among treated tomatoes and compared with nontreated ones. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the studied EO was determined by the inverted Petri dish method. MIC for the in vitro and in vivo tests for mustard EO was of 3.08 μL/Lair. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate the effectiveness of vapors of mustard EO against A. niger. The studied EO contains highly volatile organic compounds with strong inhibitory effects, even when applied for short periods, and can consequently be considered a good alternative to traditional synthetic antimicrobials without detriment of selected sensory attributes.

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