scholarly journals Increasing the Sugar Concentration in Tomato Fruit Juice by Coiling Wire Around Plant Stems

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Takahata ◽  
Hiroyuki Miura
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Leaf Node ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Sugar concentration is an important aspect of fruit quality in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production. Salt and water stresses have been reported to increase the sugar concentration of fruit. Coiling wire around the lower part of the stems to reduce the capacity of xylem to transport water to shoot would result in low shoot moisture condition and increase the sugar concentration of fruit like salt and water stresses. The objective of this study was to determine whether a prototypic method of wire coiling increases the sugar concentration of fruit. Bonsai wire was coiled around the stems of seedlings in February in a greenhouse between the cotyledon node and the first leaf node. Eleven days after treatment (DAT), the stem diameters immediately above the wire coils were markedly greater in treated plants compared with the corresponding stem regions of control plants. The stems of treated plants were less elongated and developed fewer nodes at 39 and 51 DAT than the control plants. Marketable fruit harvested from the first to third trusses of the treated plants in April to May had average weights that were 49% to 89% of the weights of fruit from control plants. The juice of fruit from the first to third trusses in the treated plants had soluble solids concentrations of 116% to 120%, sucrose concentrations of 263% to 483%, and fructose and glucose concentrations of 135% to 155%, compared with juice from corresponding control fruit. At 112 DAT, the shoots and roots of treated plants had weights that were 58% and 32% of those of control plants, respectively. The basal wire coiling treatment increased the sugar and soluble solids concentrations of tomato fruit juice; however, further investigation will be necessary before the technique can be adopted for practical use.

scholarly journals Short-term Salt-shock Effects on Tomato Fruit Quality, Yield, and Vegetative Prediction of Subsequent Fruit Quality

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl E. Niedziela ◽  
Paul V. Nelson ◽  
Daniel H. Willits ◽  
Mary M. Peet
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Salt Shock ◽  
Baseline Concentration ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Commercial recommendations exist for using short-term salt-shocks on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to improve fruit quality. Six experiments were conducted to 1) assess the influence of nutrient concentration and short-term salt-shocks on fruit quality and yield and 2) identify a vegetative predictor of subsequent fruit quality. The first objective was addressed in three nutrient film technique (NFT) experiments (Expts. 1-3). Four treatments were applied: two maintained constant at two baseline concentrations (0.25X and 1X-commercial level) and two provided salt-shock periods of 30 min, twice daily. There were no effects of baseline concentration or salt-shocks on total number and weight of marketable fruit. Fruit quality was better at the 1X baseline concentration as observed by higher titratable acidity (Expt. 2), higher percent dry matter (Expts. 2 and 3), higher soluble solids concentration (Expt. 2), and lower pH (Expts. 2 and 3), however, weight per marketable fruit was lower (Expt. 2). Salt-shocks had little effect on fruit quality, refuting its commercial potential. Salt-shocks decreased fruit pH (Expts. 1 and 3). However, titratable acidity increased at the 0.25X level and decreased at the 1X level (Expt. 3). In Expt. 2, but not in Expt. 3, citrate concentration in the fifth leaf from the apex of young vegetative plants was correlated with subsequent fruit quality. Three additional experiments in static hydroponics with vegetative plants showed no significant differences in leaf citrate levels due to a single, short-term salt-shock. Thus, citrate is not a good predictor of fruit quality.

scholarly journals Effects of Composted and Vermicomposted Sugarcane Industry Wastes and Farm Manure on Tomato Quality and Yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-389
Author(s):  
Rahmatullah Shah ◽  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Total Nitrogen Concentration

A field study was conducted to signify the use of sugarcane industrial and dairy farm wastes through composting and vermi-composting and application to tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L) crop to evaluate any effects on growth, yield and fruit quality. Composts and vermi-composts of FM (Farm Manure), SB (Sugarcane Bagasse), SP (Sugarcane Pressmud), mixture of SB×SP×SE [sugarcane effluent (1:1:1)] @ 10 t ha1, respectively were applied before transplanting of nursery. The fertilizers NPK @ 81-76-76 kg ha-1 were also applied in all plots. Overall, there were significant (p≤0.05) impacts of treatments on agronomic and fruit quality traits. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of fruits and yield were increased by 37, 67, 62, 59 and 24% with FMVC (Farm Manure Vermi-Compost) treatment over control. There was 6% increase in soluble solids of tomato fruit in FMVC plots compared with control treatment. However, maximum titrable acidity (0.0081mg citric acid/100g) in fruit juice was found in MVC plots. TN (Total Nitrogen) concentration of tomato fruit juice was increased by 1.74% in with FMVC over control treatments. Maximum lycopene contents (22.19 mg kg-1) were observed in FMVC plots as compared to all other treatments. It could be concluded that all treatments improved growth, yield and quality of fruit compared with control; whereas FMVC treatment performed better.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Genotype × Environment Interactions Affecting Tomato Fruit Quality

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip R. Panthee ◽  
Chunxue Cao ◽  
Spencer J. Debenport ◽  
Gustavo R. Rodríguez ◽  
Joanne A. Labate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

There is a growing interest by consumers to purchase fresh tomatoes with improved quality traits including lycopene, total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C, and total titratable acid (TTA) content. As a result, there are considerable efforts by tomato breeders to improve tomato for these traits. However, suitable varieties developed for one location may not perform the same in different locations. This causes a problem for plant breeders because it is too labor-intensive to develop varieties for each specific location. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of genotype × environment (G×E) interaction that influences tomato fruit quality. To achieve this objective, we grew a set of 42 diverse tomato genotypes with different fruit shapes in replicated trials in three locations: North Carolina, New York, and Ohio. Fruits were harvested at the red ripe stage and analyzed for lycopene, TSS, vitamin C, and TTA. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) among tomato genotypes, locations, and their interaction. Further analysis of quality traits from individual locations revealed that there was as much as 211% change in performance of some genotypes in a certain location compared with the average performance of a genotype. Lycopene was found to be most influenced by the environment, whereas TTA was the least influenced. This was in agreement with heritability estimates observed in the study for these quality traits, because heritability estimate for lycopene was 16%, whereas that for TTA was 87%. The extent of G×E interaction found for the fruit quality traits in the tomato varieties included in this study may be useful in identifying optimal locations for future field trials by tomato breeders aiming to improve tomato fruit quality.

scholarly journals TOMATO FRUIT QUALITY AND ION STATUS: THE EFFECTS OF SALINITY, PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT ROT AND GENOTYPE

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1149b-1149
Author(s):  
Sieglinde Snapp ◽  
Carol Shennan
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Tomato Fruit quality can be improved by the use of moderately saline irrigation water. However, decreased fruit yields may occur if the saline treatment is initiated early in plant development or the salt concentration is high. Another concern with the use of saline irrigation water is increased plant susceptibility to disease. Two processing tomato cultivars were grown under low salt (ECa=1.1 ds/m), medium salt (ECa=2.8 ds/m) and high salt (ECa=4.6 ds/m) regimes, and in the presence and absence of Phytophthora parasitica, the casual agent of Phytophthora root rot. Salinity increased Phytophthora root rot severity in UC82B, the susceptible cultivar, but had a limited effect on CX8303, a cultivar known to have a measure of resistance to Phytophthora root rot. Fruit acidity and percent total soluble solids were enhanced in both cultivars by increasing salinity. Infection by P. parasitica increased acidity and soluble solids in UC82B fruit grown under high salt. Sodium and chloride concentrations in tomato fruit increased in a manner proportionate to the salt treatment applied; however, in the absence of disease, fruit Na+ and Cllevels were markedly lower compared to other tissues in the plant, The presence of salt-enhanced Phytophthora root rot in UC82B increased fruit Na+ concentration by almost 100%. Fruit Ca2+ and K+ levels, in contrast, declined moderately with increasing salinity and were not affected by disease.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Fruit Quality and Consumer Preferences Among Three Cold-climate Strawberry Production Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Stevens ◽  
John D. Lea-Cox ◽  
Brent L. Black ◽  
Judith A. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Marketable Fruit

In consumer-harvested marketing, crop management practices and production systems directly affect the experience of the customer. An experiment was designed to compare overall consumer preference and fruit quality characteristics among three perennial cold-climate strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) production systems: conventional matted row (CMR), advanced matted row (AMR), and cold-climate plasticulture (CCP). Replicate plots of each system were maintained for two harvest seasons. Volunteers harvested subplots in each system and completed a survey to evaluate pick-your-own consumer preferences. The CCP system was preferred by a majority of consumers in the first year, whereas the AMR system was rated highest in the second year. Preferences were positively correlated with ease of harvest and fruit appearance and negatively correlated with the percentage of fruit unfit for harvest. Fruit quality measurements made on marketable fruit in the second harvest season indicated that there were no treatment differences in titratable acidity or soluble solids concentration, but significantly lower fruit firmness in the CCP treatment compared with CMR and AMR.

scholarly journals Synthetic Cytokinin-1-(2=chloro=4=pyridyl)-3-phenylurea (CPPU)-Promotes Fruit Set and Induces Parthenocarpy in Watermelon

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyoshi Hayata ◽  
Yoshiyuki Niimi ◽  
Naoto Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Seedless Fruit ◽  
Solids Content

Applying a 200 ppm solution of CPPU to pollinated ovaries of watermelon (Citrullus lunatus Matsum) at anthesis increased fruit set from 26.9% (control) to 95%. Applying CPPU solutions to nonpollinated ovaries at anthesis induced parthenocarpy, yielding 65% and 89.5% fruit set, respectively with 20 and 200 ppm applications. However, 64% of the 20 ppm CPPU-treated parthenocarpic fruit stopped growth 10 days after treatment. Growth of CPPU-treated, pollinated, and nonpollinated fruit increased significantly compared with growth of control fruit during the first 10 days after treatment, but, except for the 20 ppm CPPU parthenocarpic fruit, growth subsequently slowed, resulting in fruit equal in size to the control by harvest. CPPU application did not affect soluble solids content of pollinated fruit, but reduced content of parthenocarpic fruit treated with 20 ppm. Fructose content was generally higher than glucose and sucrose at harvest. However, in pollinated fruit treated with 20 ppm CPPU, sucrose levels were higher than glucose and fructose. These results suggest that CPPU is practical for promoting fruit set and seedless fruit without adversely affecting fruit quality and development.

scholarly journals Abscisic acid on the quality of tomato fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Carlos Agostinho Balate ◽  
Douglas Correa de Souza ◽  
Luis Felipe Lima e Silva ◽  
Luciane Vilela Resende ◽  
Sergio Tonetto de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Root Treatment

The use of abscisic acid (ABA) in agriculture has increased in the last few years due to the increase in ABA commercial availability at lower costs. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous ABA on tomato fruit quality parameters such as soluble solids (SS), total and soluble pectins, titratable acidity (TA) and flesh firmness. Tomatoes from the cultivar ‘Santa Clara’ were the study followed a complete randomized block desig, with four treatments in five repetitions. The treatments were plants not treated with ABA (control), foliar sprayed with ABA at 500 mg L-1, 150 mL drench with ABA at 500 mg L-1, or foliar plus drench treated with ABA. After harvesting, the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits were evaluated in the laboratory. All treatments were weekly applied to the plants from anthesis to harvest at fully maturity. Root treatment increased SS by up to 26.12%, increased ratio SS/TA, firmness and decreased soluble pectin. According to the results, it can be concluded that the application of ABA to leaves and roots can improve fruit quality by increasing the SS, ratio SS/TA. The method of application affects the SS content.

scholarly journals Tomato Fruit Quality and Content Depend on Stage of Maturity

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1400-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lajos Helyes ◽  
Zoltán Pék ◽  
Andrea Lugasi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
B Values ◽  
Cielab System ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Green Stage ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Soluble solids (Brixo), carbohydrate, organic acid, lycopene, polyphenols and HMF content of indeterminate round type tomato Lemance F1 fruits were measured in six ripeness stages from mature green to deep red stage. Color of fruits was determined by CIELab system. The L*, a*, b* values were received directly and used to calculate from which the a*/b* ratio was calculated. The Brixo, carbohydrate, lycopene and HMF content were the highest in the deep red stage. Carbohydrate contents constitute nearly 50% of the Brixo. The mature green stage had the lowest acid content but in subsequent stages it was fundamentally unchanged. Polyphenol content changed little during fruit ripening. Lycopene content changed significantly during maturation and accumulated mainly in the deep red stage. Analyses showed that a*/b* was closely correlated with lycopene and can be used to characterize stages of maturity in fresh tomatoes.

Harvest Maturity Influences Fruit Quality of Carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Shafa Nayab ◽  
Kashif Razzaq ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad Rajwana ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Ripening Index ◽  
Harvest Maturity

Harvest maturity determines the shelf life and nutritional quality of fruits. The present study was planned to determine the effect of harvest maturity on fruit quality of carambola. Fruits of carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) cv. “Arkin” were harvested at five maturity stages, i.e., M1 (100% green), M2 (75% green and 25% yellow), M3 (50% green and 50% yellow), M4 (25% green and 75% yellow), and M5 (100% yellow) and subjected to physico-chemical analysis. At eating soft stage, a significant linear increase in fruit juice percentage, total soluble solids (TSS), ripening index (TSS/TA) and fruit juice pH, while a decrease in rag content, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and titratable acidity (TA) was observed as the maturity progressed from 100% green to 100% yellow. Sensory evaluation data of fruit skin colour, flavour, texture, and acceptability showed the highest score for fruits harvested at 25% green and 75% yellow (M4) stage. In conclusion, harvest maturity significantly influenced various biochemical quality characteristics and carambola fruits harvested at 75% yellow (M4) is considered as an optimal harvest stage that exhibited best sensory and nutritional quality attributes.

Efecto del sustrato hidropónico sobre los atributos de calidad fisicoquímica y fisiológica de frutos de jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum var. saladette)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Oscar Andrés Del Angel-Coronel ◽  
Magdalena Jimenez-Hernandez ◽  
Salomón Lopez Serrano ◽  
Jairo Armando Lopez Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Coffee Husk

Objectives, methodology: In this paper we evaluate the effect of the substrate type on the physicochemical and physiological parameters of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum) type hydroponic saladette. Fourteen hydroponic substrates of mineral origin were evaluated, and mixtures of the same with the aim of selecting substrates that can satisfy the needs or objectives desired by the producer and allowing the consumer to know a fruit with a better quality reflected by its physicochemical properties such as yield, size, colour, total soluble solids (°Brix), titrated acidity, firmness, ethylene and CO2 production. Contribution Substrates such as tezontle, tepezil and coffee husk are favorable in the cultivation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) type hydroponic saladette benefiting some of its quality parameters being the most feasible options for the producer and the consumer. Substrates such as the tezontle with compost, tepezil with vermicompost, sugarcane bagasse with compost, coffee husk with vermicompost and coffee husk with compost are other options to consider for cultivation; while the vermicompost, sugarcane bagasse, tepezil with vermicompost, tepezil with compost and sugarcane bagasse with vermicompost, were the least efficient treatments, redicing the fruit quality parameters.

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