scholarly journals Selecting Species to Produce Wildflower Seeds

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-417
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Johnson ◽  
Ted Whitwell
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Rudbeckia Hirta ◽  
Coreopsis Tinctoria ◽  
Centaurea Cyanus ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Silene Armeria

Twenty-nine annual and perennial wildflower species were evaluated for commercial seed production potential in South Carolina. Species selection was based on adaptability to southeastern conditions and potential for use in wildflower sod. Potential for seed production was based on seed maturation ratings, percent germination 4 to 6 weeks after harvest, and yield. Individual species were seeded into I-m2 plots (3.3 ft2), on 7 Oct. Seeds were collected, clcaned, and counted, and total seed yield (lb) was calculated based on seed germination and weight of 100 seeds. Species with potential for production were Hesperis matronalis L. (2605 lb/acre), Monarda citriodora Cer. ex Lag. (1247 lb/A), Silene armeria L. (1122 lb/acre), Bidens aristosa (Michaux) Britton. (41 lb/acre), Centaurea cyanus L. (823 lb/acre), Coreopsis tinctoria Nutall (185 lb/acre), Gypsophila elegans L. (120 lb/acre), Ipomopsis rubra (L.) (2301 lb/acre) Wherry, and Rudbeckia hirta L. (500 lb/acre).

scholarly journals Selecting Species to Develop a Field-grown Wildflower Sod

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-414
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Johnson ◽  
Ted Whitwell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Control ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Rudbeckia Hirta ◽  
Coreopsis Tinctoria ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Mat Density ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum ◽  
And Storage

Twenty-nine annual and perennial wildflower species were evaluated for sod development based on ratings for appearance, root mat density, and stability following undercutting and storage and performance after replanting. Species selection was based on the lack of a large taproot, adaptability to the southeastern climate, flowering period, and potential for surviving root undercutting. Species were seeded in fall and spring, and leaf area and root mass samples were compared. Wildflower sod was undercut at a 5 cm (2 in) depth in March (fall-seeded plots) and May (spring-seeded plots) and then stored on clear plastic for 7 weeks and replanted. Fall-planted species had a higher survival rate than spring-planted species. Species selected for sod development were Achillea millefolium L., Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L., Coreopsis lanceolata L., Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt., Gaillardia aristata Foug., Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag., Rudbeckia hirta L., and Verbena tenuisecta Briq. To reduce damage to aerial growth during harvesting, paclobutrazol, daminozide, and uniconazole were tested on eight greenhouse-grown wildflower species. Uniconazole had limited growth control over Rudbeckia hirta, Monarda citriodora, Coreopsis lanceolata, and Coreopsis tinctoria.

scholarly journals Heliotropism and water availability effects on flowering dynamics and seed production in Macroptilium lathyroides

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Martins dos Santos ◽  
Luis Mauro Gonçalves Rosa ◽  
Lucia Brandão Franke ◽  
Carlos Nabinger
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Leaf Movements ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽  
Response To Water

The experiment was carried out in pots in a glasshouse, with one plant per pot and nine repetitions per treatment. The treatments consisted of free or restricted leaves, submited to 90-100% or 60-70% soil field capacity (FC). Only independent effects of water availability or leaf movement were observed on yield components. Plants under well-watered conditions and with freely orienting leaves were taller, and had a larger number of ramifications. The greater development favored the setting of a higher number of inflorescences per plant in these treatments. This behavior resulted in a high number of flowers, green and mature legumes per plant, thus resulting in high seed production which was the most evident response to water availability. Although individual seed weight was higher in the water stress treatment, total seed production was higher for well-watered plants, with no statistically significant effect of leaf movements.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Practices to Enhance Seed Production by `Anaheim Chili' Peppers

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Payero ◽  
M.S. Bhangoo ◽  
J.J. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Total Seed

The effects of six applied N treatments differing by rates and frequencies of application on the yield and quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili') grown for seed was studied. The timing of N applications was based on crop phenology, leaf petiole nitrate-nitrogen concentrations (NO3-N) minimum thresholds, and scheduled calendar applications of fixed amounts of N. Solubilized NH4NO3 was applied through a trickle-irrigation system to ensure uniform and timely applications of N. Rate of mature (green and red) fruit production was unaffected by any treatment except weekly applications of 28 kg·ha-1 of N, which stopped production of mature fruit before all other treatments. Early season floral bud and flower production increased with increasing amounts of N. The two highest total N treatments produced more floral buds and flowers late in the season than the other treatments. Total fruit production was maximized at 240 kg N/ha. Differences in total fruit production due to frequency of N application resulted at the highest total N level. Red fruit production tended to be maximized with total seasonal applied N levels of 240 kg·ha-1 and below, although weekly applications of N reduced production. Total seed yield was a function of red fruit production. Pure-1ive seed (PLS) production was a function of total seed production. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for red fruit production also decreased with N rates >240 kg·ha-1, but PLS yield and NUE decreased in a near-linear fashion as the amount of total seasonal applied N increased, regardless of application frequency. Season average NO3-N (AVE NO3-N) values >4500 mg·kg-1 had total seed and PLS yields less than those treatments <4000 mg·kg-1. Six-day germination percentage was reduced with weekly N applications of 14 kg·ha-1. Seed mass was reduced with weekly N applications of 28 kg·ha-1. Final germination percent, seedling root length and weight, and field emergence were unaffected by any of the N treatments. These findings indicate that different N management strategies are needed to maximize seed yield compared to fruit yield and, therefore, there may be an advantage to growing `Anaheim Chili' pepper specifically for seed.

Assessment of gene flow using tetraploid genotypes of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Cunliffe ◽  
A. C. Vecchies ◽  
E. S. Jones ◽  
G. A. Kearney ◽  
J. W. Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Numerical Representation ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Total Seed

Ryegrass species are among the most important species in sown pastures, turf settings, and weed populations worldwide. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is an outcrossing, wind-pollinated grass. Recent research has demonstrated the feasibility of developing transgenic perennial ryegrass varieties. In order to model the consequences of gene flow from transgenic grass genotypes in a field situation, the model non-transgenic trait of fertility among autotetraploid genotypes was chosen. Gene flow over distance and direction from a donor plot to surrounding sexually compatible recipient plants was studied. Reproductive isolation was achieved through the fertility barrier that arises between tetraploid and diploid ryegrass genotypes, despite the presence of diploid plants in a meadow situation. Fertility was used as an indication of effective gene flow over distance and direction. Measures of the fertility of recipient plants included total seed production (TSP), floret site utilisation (FSU), and relative fertility of recipient plants as a percentage of those within the donor plot (RF%). A leptokurtic distribution for gene flow was identified, with differences in the rate of decline over distance depending on direction. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) polymorphism was used to identify the paternity of progeny plants. The proportional representation of parents among the progeny was not significantly different from that expected due to the numerical representation of the different donor parent genotypes. The results of this research will have important implications for risk analysis prior to the field release of transgenic ryegrasses, fescues, and other pasture grass species, and for seed production in terms of cultivar purity and optimum isolation distance.

scholarly journals Substantiation of the parameters of a typical seed-growing farms of the republic of kazakhstan on the basis of digitalization of seed production

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 00064
Author(s):  
A.S Alchimbayeva ◽  
Lyudmila Shibryaeva ◽  
Zharylkasyn Sadykov ◽  
Mikhail Chaplygin ◽  
Rizvankoul Kaimova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Average Area ◽  
First Category ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
Research Institute

In general, the state of seed production in Kazakhstan can be characterized by the following figures. According to Kostanay branch of Kazakh research Institute of mechanization and electrification of agriculture total requirement of seeds is around 2 million tons. These farms provide 70% of the Republic'sfarms with seeds, the remaining 30% are imported from Russia. The studies have shown that all grain-producing regions of Kazakhstan can be classified into three categories according to the annual gross grain harvest, respectively, 16; 15; 3.26 and 2.9 million tons. It is advisable that typical seed farms have the following characteristics: in the first category of regions — the average area of one farm — 2.8 thousand hectares, the average annual grain harvest — 8.06 thousand tons, agro term — 10 days, the required total seed collection -1.78 million tons for all seed farms in the amount of 220 units. Accordingly, in the second category of regions — 1100 hectares; 2.82 thousand tons; 9.5 days 360 thousand tons and 128 units. In a third category — 322 hectares of 1.02 million tons, or 9.1 days, 320 thousand tons and 312 units. Total number of typical specialized farms should be approximately 660 units.

Seed and cone production in a clonal orchard of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana)

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N. Todhunter ◽  
R. Brooks Polk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Total Seed

Seed and cone production in Pinusbanksiana Lamb. was studied using clonal material. Variables studied included sound seed per cone, sound seed percentage, seed efficiency, total seed per cone, seed potential, and total number of cones in relation to site, clone, and position in the crown. The clonal effect was highly significant for all variables. Site and crown location were significant for all but seed total and number of cones. Due to the variability present, cone and seed production should be taken into account in seed orchard design, tree selection, and breeding.

Increased seed production of subterranean clover pastures in response to fertilizers supplying calcium

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Ozanne ◽  
KMW Howes
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Gypsum Plaster ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

The effects of four common fertilizers containing calcium on seed production in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) were measured at six locations over five years in a total of fifteen field experiments. Calcium as a sulphate, carbonate or phosphate salt was applied to subterranean clover pastures either at the start of the growing season (autumn) or at flowering (spring). Gypsum, plaster of Paris, or lime gave large increases in seed yield per unit area and also per unit weight of tops. Spring applications of superphosphate increased seed yields in only two out of four experiments. Gypsum applied in spring at 200-500 kg ha-1 was as effective as 2,000 kg ha-1 of lime applied in autumn. Applications of lime in spring were much less effective. Increased seed yields were due to increases in burr yield, seed number per burr, and mean weight per seed. They were usually accompanied by increases in calcium concentration in the seed. Responses in seed production to calcium applications were obtained in all three sub-species of Trifolium subterraneum. In two experiments, newly sown on a soil type on which subterranean clover regeneration and persistence is commonly very poor, applied calcium doubled or quadrupled seed set. In 13 experiments using soils on which subterranean clover had persisted as the major component of the pasture for several years, calcium in the year of application increased the total seed bank by 6 to 31 per cent, and the current seed set by a greater amount.

Seed and seedling studies of three Trifolium subterraneum var. brachycalycinum lines, in a predominantly summer rainfall environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1101
Author(s):  
GM Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Buried Seeds ◽  
Initial Seed ◽  
Total Seed

Field experiments were conducted in a predominantly summer rainfall environment to investigate burr burial, seed production, seed characteristics, seedling emergence and survival, and the effects of time of sowing on 3 Trifolium subterraneum var. brachycalycinum lines (cv. Clare and 2 local lines). Each line produced more surface than buried burrs; surface burrs were 59% (range 56-62%) of the total number of burrs recovered and produced 59% of the total seed number. Numbers of seeds per burr were similar for surface and buried burrs, however, buried seeds were 0.97 mg heavier (P<0.05) than surface seeds. Storage for 5 months at 25/60�C decreased hardseed content of surface seed by 50% and buried seed by 70%. Surface and buried seeds stored at 25/25�C for 3 months prior to sowing in trays had a total emergence of <10%, compared with 70% emergence for seeds stored at 25/60�C before sowing. These emergence differences reflected their levels of hardseededness. Numbers of seeds recovered from the soil were not significantly different among lines, declining from about 4200 seeds/m2 after initial seed set to 150 seeds/m2 by the following winter, a 97% decrease. Seed production in the second year increased seed reserves to about 8730 seeds/m2. With no further seed production, levels had declined by 93% in June 1990 and by 99% in May 1991. These data confirm the importance of annual seed production for persistence. Total seedling emergence in summer-autumn accounted for only 10% of the estimated seed production in each year. Seedling survival in summer-autumn 1988-89 was 92.7%, more than double the survival in 1989-90. The effect of sowing time on flowering was always significant, with time to first flower being highest (196 days) for the earliest sowing in March (P<0.05), progressively decreasing (P<0.05) to 108 days for the latest sowing in July. In March, April and May sowings, inflorescence numbers on the first day of flowering were similar at about 120/m2, but increased markedly (P<0.05) for sowing in June or July. However, for the March and July sowings, number of inflorescences at the 9 November 1990 count, were lowest (P<0.05). May or June sowings had the highest number of burrs and seeds (P<0.05), indicating that these may be the best sowing times for maximum seed production in these Trifolium subterraneum var. brachycalycinum lines.

Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum) Growth as Affected by Irrigation Management and Planting Date

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 374-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Schroeder ◽  
Clyde C. Dowler ◽  
James R. Stansell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Soil Matric Potential ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Total Seed

The effect of soil matric potential from −0.02 to <–1.5 MPa on Texas panicum growth in drainage lysimeters covered by an automatic rainfall shelter was measured in 1984, 1985, and 1986. Rate of tiller production was faster for plants established in April than June in 1984 and 1985, but not 1986. In 1985 and 1986, dry weight was greater, but total seed production was less for plants established in April than June. Irrigation when the soil matric potential was −0.02, −0.075, or −1.5 MPa did not affect rate of tiller production in 1984. Irrigation when the soil matric potential was −1.5 MPa decreased dry weight of plants but increased seed number per panicle compared to irrigation when the soil matric potential was −0.02 MPa in 1985 and 1986. Plants grown in lysimeters irrigated at soil matric potential <–1.5 MPa in 1985 and 1986 did not wilt at 8:00 a.m.; therefore, they were not watered after establishment. These nonirrigated plants averaged 0.9 and 0.4 kg dry weight and produced 92 200 and 16 100 seeds in 1985 and 1986, respectively.

Desiccation of alfalfa for seed production with diquat and glufosinate

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
S. N. Acharya ◽  
J. Fraser ◽  
K. W. Richards ◽  
N. Foroud
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

Recommendations for desiccation of alfalfa do not clearly define the stage at which desiccants should be applied. To obtain this information, diquat and glufosinate were applied to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) from 1991 to 1994 at various stages of maturity to determine the effect of desiccant and stage of maturity at desiccation on seed yield 1000-seed weight and seed germinability. Alfalfa seed yields, 1000-seed weights, percent germination and percent viable seed were similar after desiccation with diquat and glufosinate. Desiccation when 60–75% of the alfalfa seed pods were brown permitted maximum seed yields. Percent germination increased slightly in seeds that were exposed to weathering under normal conditions until all pods turned brown. Both desiccants adequately desiccated alfalfa for harvesting but desiccation with glufosinate took 2 or 3 d longer than diquat. Desiccants did not reduce alfalfa growth in the spring after application. Key words: Germination, yield, hard seed, seed weight, stage

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