Nitrogen and Sprigging Rate Effects on ‘Latitude 36’ Hybrid Bermudagrass Establishment

Hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis] is frequently used throughout the southern and transitional climatic zones of the United States. These grasses can only be vegetatively propagated, such as by sprigging. Turf managers will often apply high rates of sprigs and nitrogen (N) in an attempt to minimize the time to establishment. However, little is known about how planting and N rates affect establishment. The objective of this study was to determine optimum sprigging and N rates during the establishment of ‘Latitude 36’ hybrid bermudagrass to minimize time to full surface cover. The study was conducted in four locations across the southern United States during Summer 2015. Sprigging rates consisted of 200, 400, 600, and 800 U.S. bushels/acre (9.3 gal/bushel), and N rates were 0, 11, 22, and 44 lb/acre N per week. Results showed that as the N rate increased, percent cover generally increased but only slightly [7% difference between high and low rates 5 weeks after planting (WAP)]. The effect of sprig rate on percent cover indicated that as rate increased, cover also increased. Differences in establishment due to sprig rate were present until 6 WAP at which time all plots achieved 100% cover. The greatest difference between N and sprig rate was that sprig rate showed differences in percent cover immediately, whereas N rate differences were not apparent until 2 WAP. Increasing sprig rather than N rate should be considered to speed up establishment.

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Italianness in the United States between migrants’ informal gardening practices and agricultural diplomacy (1880–1912)

Modern Italy ◽

10.1017/mit.2021.16 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Gilberto Mazzoli

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Environmental History ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Food Production ◽

East Coast ◽

The United States ◽

Southern United States ◽

Mass Migration ◽

Us Cities ◽

Political Radicalism

During the Age of Mass Migration more than four million Italians reached the United States. The experience of Italians in US cities has been widely explored: however, the study of how migrants adjusted in relation to nature and food production is a relatively recent concern. Due to a mixture of racism and fear of political radicalism, Italians were deemed to be undesirable immigrants in East Coast cities and American authorities had long perceived Italian immigrants as unclean, unhealthy and carriers of diseases. As a flipside to this narrative, Italians were also believed to possess a ‘natural’ talent for agriculture, which encouraged Italian diplomats and politicians to propose the establishment of agricultural colonies in the southern United States. In rural areas Italians could profit from their agricultural skills and finally turn into ‘desirable immigrants’. The aim of this paper is to explore this ‘emigrant colonialism’ through the lens of environmental history, comparing the Italian and US diplomatic and public discourses on the potential and limits of Italians’ agricultural skills.

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Christian Doctrine and Free Church Ecclesiology: Recent Developments among Baptists in the Southern United States

Ecclesiology ◽

10.1163/174553111x559454 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 195-219

Author(s):

Paul Fiddes

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Southern Baptist ◽

The United States ◽

Southern United States ◽

Recent Book ◽

Christian Doctrine ◽

Free Church ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Local Manifestation ◽

The Church

AbstractThe main substance of this article is an extended review of a recent book by a Southern Baptist historical theologian, Malcolm Yarnell, entitled The Formation of Christian Doctrine, which aims to root the development of doctrine in a free-church ecclesiology. This review offers the opportunity to examine a spectrum of ecclesiologies that has recently emerged among Baptists in the Southern region of the United States of America. Four 'conservative' versions of ecclesiology are identified, which are named as 'Landmarkist', 'Reformed', 'Reformed-Ecumenical' and 'Conservative Localist'. Four 'moderate' versions are similarly identified, and named as 'Voluntarist', 'Catholic', 'Moderate Localist' and 'World-Baptist'. While these categories are not intended to be mutually exclusive, the typology is useful both in positioning Yarnell's particular thesis, and in making comparisons with recent Baptist ecclesiology in Great Britain, which has focussed on the concept of covenant. Yarnell's own appeal to covenant is unusual in Southern Baptist thinking, and means that he cannot be easily fitted into the typology suggested. Though he belongs most evidently to the group named here as 'Conservative Localists', and is overtly opposed to any concept of a visible, universal church except in an eschatological sense, it is suggested that his own arguments might be seen as tending towards a more 'universal' view of the reality of the church beyond its local manifestation. His own work thus offers the promise that present polarizations among Baptists in the southern United States might, in time, be overcome.

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A review of the biology and ecology of Florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-03-028r ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 185-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Theodore M. Webster ◽

John Cardina

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

The United States ◽

Western Hemisphere ◽

Southern United States ◽

Southeast United States ◽

Forage Crop ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

The World

Florida beggarweed is native to the Western Hemisphere but is naturalized around the world. During the last century, the mechanization of agriculture has transitioned Florida beggarweed from an important forage component to a weed of significance in the coastal plain of the southeast United States. This herbaceous annual is naturalized and found in fields and disturbed areas throughout the southern United States. The characteristics that made Florida beggarweed a good forage crop also make it a formidable weed. This review describes the importance of Florida beggarweed as a weed in the southern United States and the taxonomy of this species and details the distribution throughout the world and within the United States. The ecology of Florida beggarweed and its interactions with crop plants, insects, nematodes, and plant pathogens also are summarized. Finally, management of Florida beggarweed in agricultural systems using cultural practices and herbicides is reviewed.

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Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium

Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium ◽

10.47886/9781934874257.ch21 ◽

2011 ◽

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Body Condition ◽

Ictalurus Punctatus ◽

Channel Catfish ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Condition Index ◽

The United States ◽

Southern United States ◽

Conservation Ecology ◽

Columnaris Disease

Abstract.—U.S. Game and Fish agencies and farm-pond owners throughout the United States use commercially produced channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings transported from the southern United States for supplemental stocking. We conducted six trials to examine whether pathogen load, body condition, and select environmental factors influence fingerling survival following transport and cage stocking. Fingerlings were sampled prior to stocking and weekly for the following 3 weeks. Weights and lengths were measured, and a relative condition index was used to quantify body condition. Skin scrapings and gill clippings were examined microscopically for pathogens, and posterior kidney was assayed for Aeromonas hydrophila. Mortality was either less than 10% (four trials) or catastrophic (two trials). A Columnaris disease epizootic was associated with ~50% mortality in one trial, and a red sore disease epizootic was associated with ~80% mortality in another. Body condition or other pathogens, present initially or acquired in study ponds, were not associated with high mortality. The first week appears to be critical for the survival of channel catfish fingerlings following transport.

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Social Vulnerability to Climate-Sensitive Hazards in the Southern United States

Weather Climate and Society ◽

10.1175/2011wcas1092.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 193-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Christopher T. Emrich ◽

Susan L. Cutter

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Social Vulnerability ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Management Strategies ◽

The United States ◽

Southern United States ◽

Hazard Exposure ◽

Strategic Initiatives ◽

Response And Recovery ◽

Spatial Impacts

Abstract The southern United States is no stranger to hazard and disaster events. Intense hurricanes, drought, flooding, and other climate-sensitive hazards are commonplace and have outnumbered similar events in other areas of the United States annually in both scale and magnitude by a ratio of almost 4:1 during the past 10 years. While losses from climate-sensitive hazards are forecast to increase in the coming years, not all of the populations residing within these hazard zones have the same capacity to prepare for, respond to, cope with, and rebound from disaster events. The identification of these vulnerable populations and their location relative to zones of known or probably future hazard exposure is necessary for the development and implementation of effective adaptation, mitigation, and emergency management strategies. This paper provides an approach to regional assessments of hazards vulnerability by describing and integrating hazard zone information on four climate-sensitive hazards with socioeconomic and demographic data to create an index showing both the areal extent of hazard exposure and social vulnerability for the southern United States. When examined together, these maps provide an assessment of the likely spatial impacts of these climate-sensitive hazards and their variability. The identification of hotspots—counties with elevated exposures and elevated social vulnerability—highlights the distribution of the most at risk counties and the driving factors behind them. Results provide the evidentiary basis for developing targeted strategic initiatives for disaster risk reduction including preparedness for response and recovery and longer-term adaptation in those most vulnerable and highly impacted areas.

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Men’s Vasectomy Knowledge, Attitudes, and Information-Seeking Behaviors in the Southern United States: Results From an Exploratory Survey

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988320949368 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 155798832094936

Author(s):

Ashley L. White ◽

Rachel E. Davis ◽

Deborah L. Billings ◽

Emily S. Mann

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Information Seeking ◽

The United States ◽

Reproductive Capacity ◽

Southern United States ◽

Future Research ◽

Southern States ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Exploratory Survey ◽

Information Seeking Behaviors

Vasectomy is one of the few options men have to manage their reproductive capacity and take on a more equitable role in pregnancy prevention. While the method is underused throughout the United States, the southern states have a lower prevalence rate compared to the rest of the country. Existing survey research does not assess what men know or think about the procedure as a means of understanding why this is the case. We created and conducted an exploratory survey to assess men’s knowledge, attitudes, and information-seeking behaviors about vasectomy in the Southern United States. We used targeted Facebook advertising to recruit men ages 25–70 years living in 7 southern states to complete an online survey ( n = 397). Using regression analyses, we identify that participants who had a vasectomy knew more about the procedure than participants who had not. Participants who had not had a vasectomy had less positive attitudes about the procedure across all six attitude subscales compared to participants with vasectomies. We highlight potential avenues for future research to understand why this may be the case. Finally, the majority of participants knew someone who had had a vasectomy. This suggests that men disclose having a vasectomy to others. The interpersonal dynamics around vasectomy decision-making and disclosure remain unknown and a viable area for future research. Findings from this exploratory survey may be used by public health officials interested in implementing campaigns to increase knowledge about vasectomy and reduce stigma, which may encourage more positive attitudes about the procedure.

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Anomalous Temperature Regimes during the Cool Season: Long-Term Trends, Low-Frequency Mode Modulation, and Representation in CMIP5 Simulations

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-13-00003.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (22) ◽

pp. 9061-9076 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Rebecca M. Westby ◽

Yun-Young Lee ◽

Robert X. Black

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Low Frequency ◽

The United States ◽

Cmip5 Models ◽

Southern United States ◽

Anomalous Temperature ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Collective Influence

Abstract During boreal winter, anomalous temperature regimes (ATRs), including cold air outbreaks (CAOs) and warm waves (WWs), provide important societal influences upon the United States. The current study analyzes reanalysis and model data for the period from 1949 to 2011 to assess (i) long-term variability in ATRs, (ii) interannual modulation of ATRs by low-frequency modes, and (iii) the representation of ATR behavior in models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). No significant trends in either WWs or CAOs are identified for the continental United States. On interannual time scales, CAOs are modulated by the (i) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) over the U.S. Southeast and (ii) the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern over the Northwest. WW frequency is modulated by (i) the NAO over the eastern United States and (ii) the combined influence of the PNA, Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and ENSO over the southern United States. In contrast to previous studies of seasonal-mean temperature, the influence of ENSO upon ATRs is found to be mainly limited to a modest modulation of WWs over the southern United States. Multiple linear regression analysis reveals that the regional collective influence of low-frequency modes accounts for as much as 50% of interannual ATR variability. Although similar behavior is observed in CMIP5 models, WW (CAO) frequency is typically overestimated (underestimated). All models considered are unable to replicate observed associations between ATRs and the PDO. Further, the collective influence of low-frequency modes upon ATRs is generally underestimated in CMIP5 models. The results indicate that predictions of future ATR behavior are limited by climate model ability to represent the evolving behavior of low-frequency modes of variability.

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Miscanthus Anderss. Produces Viable Seed in Four USDA Hardiness Zones

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-17.3.137 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 137-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mary Hockenberry Meyer ◽

Courtney L. Tchida

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Invasive Plants ◽

Seed Set ◽

The United States ◽

Viable Seed ◽

Invasive Potential ◽

Climatic Zones ◽

Laboratory Results

Abstract Forty-one taxa of Miscanthus grown in USDA Hardiness Zones 4, 5, 6, and 7 were examined in 1996 and 1997 for seed set and viability. Although laboratory results varied widely between years, climatic zones, and cultivars, many plants set viable seed. Eleven types had <18% viable seed, including ‘Morning Light’, ‘Variegatus’ and ‘Zebrinus’, and appear to represent the least risk for becoming invasive plants, especially in northern climates. Other characteristics of Miscanthus are discussed in terms of invasive potential in the United States.

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A Survey of Chinese Plants of Potential Ornamental Value for the Southeastern United States

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.891a ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 891A-891

Author(s):

Donglin Zhang ◽

F. Todd Lasseigne ◽

Michael A. Dirr

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

The United States ◽

Southeastern China ◽

Climatic Zones ◽

History Of ◽

And Performance ◽

Species Performance

China, E.H. Wilson's “Mother of Gardens”, is a large untouched resource of ornamental plants to this day. Southeastern gardens and arboreta teem with plants from China, which boasts the most diverse temperate flora in the world with more than 30,000 species described. Because of China's unique geography, climate, and floristic similarities to the southeastern United States, many of these ornamental plants should be adaptable. Based on studies of the phytogeography, floristics, history of plan; hunting, and performance of plants already introduced into cultivation from central and southeastern China, ≈500 potentially “new” species of Chinese woody plants are presented for ornamental evaluation. Characterization of the species' geography and climatic preferences in China will allow horticulturists to more accurately predict the species' performance throughout the Southeast. Zone maps exist for the United States and China that equate geographic areas on a temperature basis. However, these zone maps do not reflect the wide microclimatic differences (such as those contributed by elevation) that occur in the climatic zones. The results of this survey should enhance interest in the wonderful diversity of Chinese plants. Maps of areas already explored in the past (George Forrest, Ernest H. Wilson, and other contemporary explorers) as well as maps of suggested areas which have not been fully botanized are presented for review.

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A Study on the Effectiveness of the Equity Incentive Plan of Zhuhai Private Enterprises: Based on the Case of Livzon Group

Applied Economics and Finance ◽

10.11114/aef.v5i3.3127 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

QiTong Yu ◽

WenYu Dong

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Financial Performance ◽

The United States ◽

Principal Agent Problem ◽

Speed Up ◽

Incentive Plan ◽

Reform And Opening Up ◽

Equity Incentive ◽

Opening Up

Stem from the United States of 1950s, equity incentive plan was introduced into China as a method for enterprises to solve the principal-agent problem and to motivate key technical staffs to speed up innovation after reform and opening-up. This article is divided into three main parts. Firstly a broad introduction to all the Zhuhai enterprises that have carried out the equity incentive plan and analysis on their implementation from five different perspectives , namely rate of progress、industry distribution、pattern、source of stock and the period of validity. Then based on the case of Livzon Group, we conduct survey on both its financial performance and non-financial performance and discuss the effectiveness of its plan by data analysis, according to which we could draw a conclusion that the equity incentive plan works well in Livzon Group, then we continue a further study on the reason behind it. In the last part, feasible policy suggestion is provided from respectively government and enterprise side on the basis of the analysis of the former two parts.

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