scholarly journals Growth of the Aquatic Plant Southern Naiad in Varying Percentages of Sand and Controlled-release Fertilizer

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-256
Author(s):  
Heather Hasandras ◽  
Kimberly A. Moore ◽  
Lyn A. Gettys
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Native aquatic plants are important to maintaining a balanced ecosystem, but they often are displaced by exotic invasive plant species. The research on the control and growth of the invasive aquatic species hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) using sand substrates and controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) provides a potential production technique for other aquatic plants. We questioned if we could use hydrilla production techniques to grow southern naiad (Najas guadalupensis), a Florida-native aquatic plant that is often mistaken for hydrilla. We grew southern naiad cuttings in containers filled with 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, or 0:100 coarse builder’s sand and sphagnum moss (by volume). Before planting, containers were fertilized with 0, 1, 2, or 4 g·kg−1 CRF (15N–4P–10K). Containers were submerged in large storage tubs filled with rainwater and grown for 8 weeks. Southern naiad shoot dry weight was greater in the 100% sand substrate than that in the 0% sand substrate. Substrate electrical conductivity (EC) levels were greater in the 0% sand with no difference among the other substrates. Shoot and root dry weight of plants fertilized with 1–2 g·kg−1 CRF were greater than 0 or 4 g·kg−1 CRF. Substrate EC also increased as fertilizer rate increased, with the highest EC observed at 4 g·kg−1 CRF. Based on our results, we would suggest growing southern naiad in substrates with 100% sand and fertilized with 1–2 g·kg−1 CRF.

scholarly journals Plant Growth and Leachate Electrical Conductivity and pH as Influenced by Controlled-release Fertilizer Blends and Coating Technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey Grable ◽  
Joshua Knight ◽  
Dewayne L. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Polymer Coating ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Although controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) have been used in container-grown ornamental plants for decades, new coating technologies and blends of fertilizers coated for specific release rates are being employed to customize fertility for specific environments and crops. A study was conducted in the transitional climate of Kentucky to determine the nutrient release rates of three controlled-release blends of 8- to 9-month release and growth response of ‘Double Play Pink’ japanese spirea (Spiraea japonica) and ‘Smaragd’ arbovitae (Thuja occidentalis). Fertilizer 1 (16N–3.5P–8.3K–1.8Mg + trace elements) and Fertilizer 2 (18N–3.1P–8.3K–1.8Mg + trace elements) were prototype blends with different experimental polymer coatings. Fertilizer 3 was a blend of 18N–2.2P–6.6K–1.1Ca–1.4Mg–5.8S + trace elements, which combined 100% resin-coated prills with a polymer coating. Fertilizer 4 was commercially available 15N–3.9P–10K–1.3Mg–6S + trace elements. Fertilizer 3 released its nutrients earlier in the 12-week study than the other three fertilizers and resulted in lower shoot dry weight in both species. The new polymer coating technologies show promise for delivering a predicted release rate and are appropriate for container production of these woody shrubs in Kentucky. An interesting side note of this experiment was that leachate pH measurements across treatments averaged 1.2 units lower for arbovitae (6.3) than for japanese spirea (7.5) at week 12. It was assumed that chemical and/or biological reactions at the root/substrate interface in arbovitae moderated pH increases over the study.

scholarly journals TIME-RELEASE FERTILIZERS AND MEDIA AFFECT GROWTH OF CONTAINER-GROWN LAGERSTROEMIA AND LIGUSTRUM

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 601f-601
Author(s):  
Houchang Khatamjan ◽  
Sudeep Vyapari
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Media Types ◽  
One Year ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

One-year-old liners of Firebird crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L. 'Firebird') and Vicary golden privet (Ligustrum X vicaryi) were planted in 7.6 liter containers. The growing media consisted of 3 pinebark: 1 Canadian peat moss: 1 sand and 3 sawdust: 1 Canadian peat moss: 1 sand (v/v/v). Both media were amended with NH4NO3 and dolomite. Several controlled release fertilizers at varying rates were incorporated into each medium prior to planting. Thirty, 60 and 90 days after planting, leachate samples were collected and tested for E.C. and pH. Fertilizer Sierra (17-6-10) and Osmocote (18-7-13) resulted in maximum shoot dry weight with both species and media types followed by Osmocote (24-4-8) and Escote (20-4-11). Plants grew equally well in pinebark and sawdust medium. After 30 and 60 days leachate from Sierra (17-6-10) had highest E.C. levels. Osmocote (18-7-13 and 24-4-8) recorded highest E.C. at 90 day sampling date. The sawdust medium had higher pH values than the pinebark.

scholarly journals Use of Species-specific Controlled-release Fertilizer Rates to Manage Growth and Quality of Container Nursery Crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Clark ◽  
Youbin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
Species Specific

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) application rates or ranges for the production of five 2-gal nursery crops. Plants were evaluated following fertilization with 19N–2.6P–10.8K plus minors, 8–9 month CRF incorporated at 0.15, 0.45, 0.75, 1.05, 1.35, and 1.65 kg·m−3 nitrogen (N). The five crops tested were bigleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla), ‘Green Velvet’ boxwood (Buxus ×), ‘Magic Carpet’ spirea (Spiraea japonica), ‘Palace Purple’ coral bells (Heuchera micrantha), and rose of sharon (Hibiscus syriacus). Most plant growth characteristics (i.e., growth index, plant height, leaf area, and shoot dry weight) were greater in high vs. low CRF treatments at the final harvest. Low CRF rates negatively impacted overall appearance and marketability. The species-specific CRF range recommendations were 1.05 to 1.35 kg·m−3 N for rose of sharon, 0.75 to 1.05 kg·m−3 N for ‘Magic Carpet’ spirea, and 0.75 to 1.35 kg·m−3 N for bigleaf hydrangea and ‘Green Velvet’ boxwood, whereas the recommended CRF rate for ‘Palace Purple’ coral bells was 0.75 kg·m−3 N. Overall, species-specific CRF application rates can be used to manage growth and quality of containerized nursery crops during production in a temperate climate.

scholarly journals Growth of Bedding Plants in Substrates Amended with Compost and Fertilized with Three Different Release Rates of a Controlled-release Fertilizer Product

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly K. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Standard Application ◽  
Impatiens Wallerana

Growth of `Aladdin Peach Morn' petunia (Petunia × hybrida) and `Accent White' impatiens (Impatiens wallerana) was compared in substrates containing 0%, 30%, 60%, or 100% compost made from biosolids and yard trimmings and fertilized with Nutricote Total 13-13-13 (13N-5.7P-10.8K) Types 70, 100, and 140 incorporated at rates of 0.5x, 1x, 2x, or 3x (x = standard application rate for a medium-feeding crop). Petunia shoot dry weight of plants fertilized with Type 70 incorporated at 0.5x increased as the percentage of compost in the substrate increased from 0% to 60% and then decreased, while shoot dry weight of plants fertilized with Type 70 incorporated at 1x, 2x, or 3x increased as the percentage of compost increased from 0% to 30% and then decreased. Impatiens shoot dry weight of plants fertilized with Type 70 incorporated at 0.5x and 1x also increased as the percentage of compost increased from 0% to 30% and then decreased, while shoot dry weight of plants fertilized at 2x and 3x decreased as the percentage of compost increased from 0% to 100%. Both petunia and impatiens shoot dry weight of plants fertilized with Type 100 and Type 140 incorporated at 0.5x, 1x, 2x, or 3x increased as the percentage of compost increased from 0% to 60% and then decreased.

scholarly journals Controlled-Release Fertiliser and Substrates on Seedling Growth and Quality in Agonandra brasiliensis in Roraima

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline das Graças Souza ◽  
Oscar José Smiderle ◽  
Raiovane Araújo Montenegro ◽  
Thiago Komuro Moriyama ◽  
Thiago Jardelino Dias
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The aim of this study was to verify the effect of different substrates, in the presence and absence of controlled-release fertiliser, on the growth and morphological quality of seedlings of Agonandra brasiliensis Miers ex Benth. & Hook.f., in the state of Roraima, Brazil. The experimental design was a 2 * 5 factorial scheme, with and without the addition of 1.0 g L-1 NPK 18-05-09 formulation controlled-release encapsulated fertiliser (Forth CoteR) and five substrates. The following were evaluated: shoot height (H), collar diameter (CD), increase in shoot length (IncH) and collar diameter (IncCD), shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), total dry weight (TDW) and Dickson quality index (DQI). The use of NPK 18-05-09 formulation controlled-release fertiliser (Forth CoteR) in a medium-sand substrate is recommended for obtaining plants of Agonandra brasiliensis of greater robustness, balance of biomass distribution, and a high standard of quality. In the substrate composed of soil from the cerrado + carbonised rice husks - CRH + organic substrate (2:1:1), the addition of NPK 18-05-09 formulation Forth CoteR is not necessary to obtain Agonandra brasiliensis plants of good morphological quality. Substrate 3, composed of soil + CRH (3:1), with or without the addition of NPK 18-05-09 formulation Forth CoteR, is not recommended for producing plants of Agonandra brasiliensis, due to the slow development and reduced morphological quality of the plants.

Unusual polyamines in aquatic plants: the occurrence of homospermidine, norspermidine, thermospermine, norspermine, aminopropylhomospermidine, bis(aminopropyl)ethanediamine, and methylspermidine

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koei Hamana ◽  
Masaru Niitsu ◽  
Keijiro Samejima
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
First Report ◽  
Brasenia Schreberi ◽  
Water Chestnut ◽  
The Family

Four aquatic plants were tested for the occurrence of unusual polyamines. The leaves of the aquatic plants tested ubiquitously contained homospermidine in addition to usual polyamines such as diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, and agmatine. Brasenia schreberi and Nuphar japonicum belonging to the family Nymphaeaceae contained aminopropylhomospermidine. Norspermidine and norspermine were detected in the blackweed Hydrilla verticillata belonging to Hydrocharitaceae. Thermospermine was detected in Brasenia schreberi. A novel tetraamine, N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (NH2(CH2)3NH(CH2)2NH(CH2)3NH2), was discovered in the aquatic plant Nuphar japonicum. This is the first report of the occurrence of N4-methylspermidine (NH2(CH2)3N(CH3)(CH2)4NH2) in the water chestnut Trapa natas belonging to the family Hydrocaryaceae. Key words: aquatic plants, polyamine, bis(aminopropyl)ethandiamine, methylspermidine.

scholarly journals Aquatic plant community in porto primavera reservoir

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L.C.M. Pitelli ◽  
R.A. Pitelli ◽  
C.J. Rodrigues ◽  
J.H.P. Dias
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Eichhornia Azurea ◽  
Large Populations

Aiming to identify the populations of aquatic plants present in the Porto Primavera reservoir and evaluate the behavior of Hydrilla verticillata colonization of this water body a survey was carried out in 2007. The data was based on presence or absence, only were assessed the presence or absence of the species and the data were subjected to cluster analysis to establish differences in distribution and occurrence of populations. The community of aquatic plants showed 24 species distributed in 16 botanical families. Cyperaceae and Pontederiaceae were the most representative in terms of species richness. The submerged macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata showed the highest frequency of occurrence in the water body, showing a different behavior from the other populations of the water body. Species like Eichhornia crassipes, Eichhornia azurea, Typha dominguensis and Oxycaryum cubense also showed different behavior in relation to other populations within the community, forming large populations in lagoons and backwater areas.

scholarly journals Container-grown Shrubs Respond Differently to Controlled-release Fertilizer Rates in a Temperate Climate

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Clark ◽  
Youbin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Species Specific

To determine the response of container-grown shrubs to controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) rate when grown in a temperate climate, Polyon® 19–04–10 + Minors, an 8–9 month CRF, was incorporated into growing substrates for ‘Gro-Low’ fragrant sumac (Rhus aromatica Aiton), ‘Goldmound’ spirea (Spiraea × bumalda Burv.) and ‘Bloomerang’® purple lilac (Syringa × ‘Penda’) transplants. Also, a 15–06–11 + Micros, a 10–12 month CRF, was incorporated into growing substrates for ‘Green Mound’ boxwood (Buxus × ‘Green Mound’), ‘Runyan’ yew (Taxus × media) and ‘Emerald’ white-cedar (arborvitae) (Thuja occidentalis L.) transplants, at six rates (0.15, 0.45, 0.75, 1.05, 1.35 and 1.65 kg·m−3 N; 0.25, 0.76, 1.26, 1.77, 2.28 and 2.78 lb·yd−3 N). We observed greater growth index, leaf area, and shoot dry weight at high vs. low CRF rates for the majority of species. Nutrient deficiency symptoms such as light green leaves were observed at low CRF rates for some species, including fragrant sumac, lilac and white-cedar. Optimal species-specific CRF application rates were 1.05 kg·m−3 N (1.77 lb·yd−3 N) for lilac and yew and 0.45 kg·m−3 N (0.76 lb·yd−3 N) for boxwood and white-cedar, while the optimal CRF ranges were 0.75 to 1.35 kg·m−3 N (1.26 to 2.28 lb·yd−3 N) for fragrant sumac and 0.75 to 1.05 kg·m−3 N (1.26 to 1.77 lb·yd−3 N) for spirea. Adjusting CRF application rates based on plant response may provide nursery growers with an efficient tool for managing nursery crop growth and production timing in the temperate climate.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Production of Jatropha, a Potential Biofuel Crop

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Moore ◽  
Scott Greenhut ◽  
Wagner Vendrame
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Biofuel Crop ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

The objective of this study was to evaluate greenhouse techniques for the production of jatropha (Jatropha curcas). Jatropha seedlings were transplanted into 1-gal containers filled with bark mix, coir, or peat-based substrate and fertilized with 0, 4.1, 5.9, or 8.3 oz/ft3 of a 15N–4.05P–9.96K controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). Plants were watered every 2, 3, or 4 days for 80 days in the greenhouse. Jatropha plants grown in peat-based substrate had greater stem diameter and shoot dry weight (SDW) than plants grown in bark mix. For each growing substrate, plants fertilized with 8.3 and 5.9 oz/ft3 of CRF had greater SDW than plants fertilized with 4.1 and 0 oz/ft3 of CRF. Similarly, for all three substrates, plants irrigated every 2 or 3 days had greater SDW than plants irrigated every 4 days. Although jatropha has been classified as a low–nutrient and water requiring plant, the results of this study suggest that increased inputs of fertilizer and water produce larger plants. Further research needs to be conducted on the benefit of larger plants from the greenhouse on subsequent oil production in the field.

Impacts of Heavy Metals on Higher Aquatic Plant, Diatom and Benthic Invertebrate Communities in the Niagara River Watershed near Welland, Ontario

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Dickman ◽  
J.R. Yang ◽  
I.D. Brindle
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Control Site

Abstract Nickel, chromium, zinc and lead were 60 to 500 times more concentrated in the sediments downstream of the Atlas Specialty Steels Co. than they were in the sediments of the upper Welland River or in the nearby Lyon’s Creek. These metals reached concentrations of 4,900 mg kg−1 dry weight (ppm) of nickel versus 10 ppm upstream, 890 versus 5 ppm lead, 1,050 versus 30 ppm zinc and 5,120 verses 10 ppm chromium. Changes in higher aquatic plant species composition and relative abundance downstream of the Atlas Specialty Steels Co. were plotted as a function of the downstream distance (800 m) from the point source discharge of the company. Four zones in the distribution patterns of aquatic plants were recognized. In the first zone (0–10 m from the point source) benthic invertebrates and aquatic plants were absent. In zone 2 (10–15 m from the point source) pollution tolerant benthic invertebrates such as sludge worms and blood worms as well as pollution tolerant long stemmed emergent macrophytes such as bulrushes and cattails first appeared. Further downstream (15–120 m from the point source), short stemmed macrophytes became abundant and benthic invertebrate diversity and density began to increase (zone 3). Only in zone 4 (120–800 m from the point source) did submersed macrophytes first appear and benthic invertebrates such as isopods, snails and leeches became established. Sites where sediments displayed the highest levels of heavy metal contamination displayed low species richness and low benthic invertebrate densities. These same sites displayed the highest proportions of pollution tolerant chironomid genera such as Procladius cf. bellus and Phaenopsectra flavipes and the highest percentage of pollution tolerant diatoms such as Nitzschia hantzschia and N. palea. Chironomid density was significantly lower below the point source (19 individuals m−2 versus 162 individuals m−2 upstream) as was species richness (11 versus 20 species, P < 0.05). A similar pattern was evident for other benthic invertebrates as well as epipelic diatoms (15 vs. 34 species). In addition, the frequency of chironomid deformities was significantly higher at the downstream site than at the upstream “control” site (27% vs. 9%).

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