scholarly journals Phasic Temperature Change Patterns Affect Growth and Tuberization in Potatoes

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixing Cao ◽  
Theodore W. Tibbitts
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Change ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Tuber Development ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Two Temperature

This study determined the responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Norland) plants to various patterns of air temperature changes over different growth periods (phasic temperature changes). In each of two experiments under controlled environments, eight treatments of temperature changes were carried out in two growth rooms maintained at 17 and 22C and a constant vapor pressure deficit of 0.60 kPa and 14-hour photoperiod. Plants were grown for 63 days after transplanting of tissue culture plantlets in 20-liter pots containing peat-vermiculite mix. Temperature changes were imposed on days 21 and 42, which were essentially at the beginning of tuber initiation and tuber enlargement, respectively, for this cultivar. Plants were moved between two temperature rooms to obtain eight temperature change patterns: 17-17-17, 17-17-22, 17-22-17, 22-17-17, 17-22-22, 22-17-22, 22-22-17, and 22-22-22C over three 21-day growth periods. At harvest on day 63, total plant dry weight was higher for the treatments beginning with 22C than for those beginning with 17C, with highest biomass obtained at 22-22-17 and 22-17-17C. Shoot dry weight increased with temperature increases from 17-17-17 to 22-22-22C during the three growth periods. Tuber dry weight was highest with 22-17-17C, and lowest with 17-17-22 and 17-22-22C. With 22-17-17C, both dry weights of stolons and roots were lowest. Total tuber number and number of small tubers (<2.5 cm) were highest with 17-17-17 and 17-17-22C, and lowest with 17-22-22 and 22-22-22C, whereas number of medium tubers (2.5-5.0 cm) was highest with 22-17-22C, and number of large tubers (>5.0 cm) was highest with 22-17-17C. This study indicates that tuber development of potatoes is optimized with a phasic pattern of high temperature during early growth and low temperature during later growth.

scholarly journals Temperature Cycling Periods Meet Growth and Tuberization in Potatoes under Continuous Irradiation

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixing Cao ◽  
Theodore W. Tibbitts
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Tuber Development ◽  
Continuous Irradiation ◽  
Controlled Environments

Plants of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars Denali, Norland, Haig, and Kennebec were grown for 42 days under three temperature cycling periods (thermoperiods) with continuous irradiation in two repeated experiments to help determine if temperature cycling might be varied to optimize tuber development of potatoes in controlled environments. Thermoperiods of 6/6 hours, 12/12 hours and 24/24 hours were established with the same temperature change of 22/14C and same controlled vapor pressure deficit of 0.60 kPa. The thermoperiod of 24/24 hours significantly promoted tuber initiation but slowed tuber enlargement in all four cultivars, compared to the thermoperiods of 6/6 hours and 12/12 hours. `Denali' produced the highest tuber and total dry weights under the 6/6 hours thermoperiod. `Kennebec' produced the highest tuber dry weight under the 12/12 hours thermoperiod. Thermoperiods had no significant effect on shoot and root dry weights of any cultivars. The major effect of thermoperiod was on initiation and enlargement of tubers.

scholarly journals Night Interruption Lighting Is Beneficial in the Production of Plugs of Dahlia `Sunny Rose'

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1244-1246
Author(s):  
Garry Legnani ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Foliar N Concentration

Experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of photoperiod on growth and dry-weight partitioning in Dahlia sp. `Sunny Rose' during both seedling (plug) production and subsequent production in 10-cm pots. Plugs were grown under short days [9-hour natural photosynthetic photon flux (PPF)] or long days (same 9-hour PPF plus a 4-hour night interruption with incandescent light). Total plant dry weight was unaffected by photoperiod; however, long days (LD) inhibited tuberous root development and increased shoot dry weight, fibrous root dry weight, leaf area, shoot length, and number of leaf pairs. Long days reduced plug production time by ≈1 week compared with short days (SD). Following transplanting to 10-cm pots, shoot growth and foliar development were superior under LD. There was no effect of photoperiod on foliar N concentration. The superior growth of LD plugs following transplanting can be attributed to the plant being in a physiological state conducive to shoot expansion instead of storage.

scholarly journals Seedling Growth of Atlantic White-Cedar as Influenced by Photoperiod and Day/Night Temperature

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Laura G. Jull ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
L. Eric Hinesley
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Chamaecyparis Thyoides ◽  
Atlantic White Cedar ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Total Plant

Abstract Seedlings of Atlantic white-cedar [Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B. S. P.] were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 12 weeks under short-or long-day conditions with 9-hr days at 18, 22, 26 or 30C (64, 72, 79 or 86F) in factorial combination with 15-hr nights at 14, 18, 22 or 26C (57, 64, 72 or 79F). Dry matter production was influenced by photoperiod and day/night temperature. For all day temperature × photoperiod interactions, except root:shoot ratio, growth was highest under long days. Day × night temperature interactions occurred for all growth measurements except root dry weight. Root dry weight was highest at 30/22C (86/72F); top (shoot) dry weight at 26/22C (79/72F). Nights of 14C (57F) resulted in the lowest top dry weight. Total plant dry weight was highest at nights of 22C (72F) for all day temperatures. At days of 30C (86F), total plant dry weight was highest with nights ≤ 22C (72F); however, data for 30/22C (86/72F) and 26/22C (79/72F) were similar. The highest root: shoot ratio occurred at nights of 14C (57F) with days ≤ 26C (79F). Mean relative growth rate was highest at nights of 22C (72F) with days of 26C (79F) or 30C (86F). Maximum stem caliper occurred at days of 22C (72F) with nights ≥ 18C (64F). Height and crown width were highest at 26/22C (79/72F). A day/night cycle of 30/22C (86/72F) with long days was optimal for seedling growth.

scholarly journals Azadirachta Indica A. Juss: Wood Ash Affects Seedling Growth of Mung Bean Vigna Radiata L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Mohammad Athar Tariq ◽  
Muhammad Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The burning of the wood ash is causing an environmental pollution related issue. The excess concentration of wood ash in the environment normally influenced on plant growth and development. This paper presents the effects of neem wood ash (Azadirachta inidca A. Juss.) on germination and seedling growth performance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) crop plants. Overall, the data reveals significant (p<0.05) effects of neem wood ash on the different growth variable of mung bean. The treatment of 4-20% neem wood ash significantly (p<0.05) affected shoot length of mung bean as compared to control. Neem wood ash treatment at all concentration produced fewer toxic effects on root and leaf growth of mung bean. The neem wood ash treatment at 20% also produced significantly (p<0.05) toxic effects on root and leaf dry weight of mung bean. Whereas, neem wood ash treatment at all level did produce any significant effects on shoot dry weight, total plant dry weight and leaf area ratio of mung bean.

Selection of an Efficient Growth Container for Mycorrhization of Trifoliate Orange Seedlings in Nursery

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4517-4520
Author(s):  
Qiang Sheng Wu ◽  
Qiu Dan Ni
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

Citrus plants strongly depend on arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) but low AM colonization found in the field. Therefore, mycorrhization of seedlings is vital for better citrus growth vigor. The study evaluated the effects of four containers (earthen pot, plastic pot, nursery cylinder, and nursery bag) on growth, mycorrhizal development, root system architecture (RSA) and chlorophyll concentration of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings inoculated withGlomus versiforme. After five months, AM seedlings grown in an earthen pot displayed the best AM colonization, vesicles, entry points, shoot dry weight, total plant dry weight, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, RSA traits (taproot length, total length, projected area, surface area, volume, and number of first lateral root), and chlorophyllaand total chlorophyll concentrations, the AM seedlings grown in nursery cylinder and nursery bag better, and the seedlings grown in plastic pot worst. It suggests that mouth diameter of containers is key to mycorrhization of seedlings. Meanwhile, earthen pot is the best container for mycorrhization of trifoliate orange seedlings.

scholarly journals Effects of Day Length and Light Intensity on Growth of Barley

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Aspinall ◽  
LG Paleg
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Controlled Environments

The effects of variations in light intensity, photoperiod, and light quality on shoot dry weight, tillering, and leaf growth of barley (cv. Prior) have been examined in controlled environments. The rates of tillering and of dry matter production were primarily dependent upon the total radiant energy incident upon the plants. Tiller-iug was unaffected by changes in the photoperiod (independent of light energy) or in the spectral composition of the light which profoundly affected apical develop-ment. At low light intensities, tiller buds on the main axis only elongated, whereas at higher intensities secondary and higher�order tillers were produced. The largest number of tillers was associated with the coieoptile node, and tiller production declined regularly with each successive node up the main axis.

scholarly journals (198) Growth and Development of Watermelon Plants Grafted onto Citrullus Rootstocks Selected for Disease Resistance at Two Temperature Regimes

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053E-1054
Author(s):  
Yun-Chan Huh ◽  
Du-Hyun Kim ◽  
Sang-Gyu Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Sub Park ◽  
Dong-Kum Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Two Temperature

Growth response of `Sambok Honey' watermelon grafted onto different rootstocks, including four Citrullus rootstocks and three other cucurbitaceous rootstocks, was evaluated at low and normal temperature regimes. Marked reduction in plant growth rate was observed in plants grown at low temperatures as compared to those grown at normal or optimal temperatures. Relative growth reduction rates were 40% to 48% for vine length, 39% to 51% for total leaf area, 37% to 60% for shoot fresh weight, and 50% to 79% for shoot dry weight, respectively. Watermelon rootstock PI 482322 showed comparable plant growth as the most popular rootstock (Shintozwa pumpkin) even at low temperatures. `Sambok Honey' watermelon grafted onto watermelon hybrids `PI 271969 × PI 296341' and `PI 271769 × Calhoun Gray', showed comparable plant growth as FR Dantos bottle gourd rootstock. Index of growth ability at low temperature (IGALT), which was calculated on the basis of reduced rate of vine length, dry weight, and leaf area, was comparatively high in C. martinezii, Shintozwa, PI 482322, and `PI 271769 × PI 296341' rootstocks (50% or higher) and lowest in own-rooted `Sambok Honey' or in watermelon plants on `Knight' rootstock. Watermelon hybrids `PI 271969 × PI 296341' and `PI 271769 × Calhoun Gray' exhibited better or at least comparable growth at low temperatures as compared to `FR Dantos', thus confirming the feasibility of using watermelon rootstocks even in winter greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Reducing Substrate Moisture Content (SMC) during Greenhouse Production and Postproduction of Angelonia and Heliotrope Improves Crop Quality and Economic Value

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1006-1011
Author(s):  
Yanjun Guo ◽  
Terri Starman ◽  
Charles Hall
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Substrate Moisture

Retail environments are rarely optimal for ornamental plants, and wilting caused by water stress is a major cause of postproduction shrinkage. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two levels of substrate moisture content (SMC) applied during greenhouse production on angelonia (Angelonia angustifolia) ‘Angelface Blue’ and heliotrope (Heliotropium arborescens) ‘Simply Scentsational’ growth and physiological parameters and subsequent postproduction quality during simulated retail conditions. At the end of production, angelonia total plant shoot dry weight (DW) was reduced with 20% SMC compared with 40% SMC, and plants grown with 20% SMC had higher shoot coloring percentage, reduced internode length, and required less irrigation labor–related costs compared with 40% SMC. Heliotrope grown at 20% SMC produced the same size plant as 40% SMC, but had a higher shoot coloring percentage at the end of production and postproduction, indicating lower SMC resulted in higher visual quality compared with 40% SMC. For both species, 20% SMC increased plant visual quality compared with 40% SMC and reduced irrigation water input throughout production, resulting in reduced production costs and increased floral crop economic value.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PACLOBUTRAZOL FORMULATION ON THE GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF BUDDLEIA DAVIDII 'DUBONNET'

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1174e-1174
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratio ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Buddleia Davidii ◽  
Butterfly Bush

Granular and liquid formulations of paclobutrazol were tested to evaluate the growth and flowering response of butterfly bush (Buddleia davidii Franch. 'Dubonnet'). At the rates tested (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg ai·pot–1), the granular formulation reduced the growth index, plant height, shoot dry weight, total plant biomass, number of panicles and panicle length to a greater degree than the liquid formulation applied as a drench. Both formulations reduced total plant biomass and increased the root:shoot ratio compared to the control. All rates of the granular formulation above 5 mg ai · pot–1 produced non-marketable plants. Since no phytotoxicity was observed with any treatment, the application of paclobutrazol to control the growth of butterfly-bush may be useful if the correct formulation and rate of application are chosen.

The fate of carbon in dying tillers of winter wheat

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian N. Thorne ◽  
D. W. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Number Of Shoots

SummaryChanges in dry weight and 14C contents of categories of shoots that did and did not survive to produce ears were examined in winter wheat grown in micro-plots in 1982–4. The weight of a group of tillers when dead was similar to their maximum dry weight when living. By anthesis dead shoots exceeded living ones in number but contributed less than 10% of total shoot dry weight.14CO2 was supplied, near the time that number of shoots was maximal, to tillers in axils of first (T1) and third (T3) main stem leaves; T1 usually survived and T3 usually died. The percentage of 14C in the plant retained in T1 was 78–94%. That retained in T3 ranged from 9 to 81%. Little 14C moved from dying shoots into the rest of the plant in two experiments. In another, perhaps 70% of the 14C in living tillers was transferred as they died but this represented only a small proportion of total plant weight. 14C not retained in tillers to which it had been given was found in all parts of the plant, including about 7% in grain.

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