scholarly journals Effectiveness of Resistance to Southern Root-knot Nematode in `Carolina Cayenne' Pepper in Greenhouse, Microplot, and Field Tests

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Thies ◽  
J.D. Mueller ◽  
R.L. Fery
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

The southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] is a serious pest of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Currently, methyl bromide is used for nematode control, but the pending withdrawal of this fumigant from the United States market has resulted in a need for effective alternative root-knot nematode management measures. We evaluated the effectiveness of resistance of `Carolina Cayenne' relative to the susceptible genotypes `Early Calwonder' and PA-136 in greenhouse, microplot, and field studies. In all tests, `Carolina Cayenne' exhibited exceptionally high resistance (minimal galling, minimal nematode reproduction, and no yield reduction) to M. incognita; `Early Calwonder' and PA-136 were highly susceptible. In a test conducted in a heavily infested field, `Carolina Cayenne' outyielded PA-136 by 339%. The exceptionally high resistance exhibited by `Carolina Cayenne' provides an alternative to methyl bromide and other fumigant nematicides for managing root-knot nematodes in pepper.

scholarly journals Development of Bell Peppers with Resistance to the Southern Root-knot Nematode

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 600C-600
Author(s):  
R.L. Fery ◽  
P.D. Dukes ◽  
J.A. Thies
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Homozygous Resistant

The southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is a major pest of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) in the United States. Since none of the leading bell pepper cultivars grown in the U.S. exhibit adequate levels of resistance, a breeding program was initiated to incorporate the N root-knot nematode resistance gene into commercial bell pepper germplasm. A backcross breeding procedure was used. The donor parent of the N gene was the open-pollinated, pimiento pepper cultivar Mississippi Nemaheart, and the recurrent parents were the open-pollinated bell pepper cultivars Keystone Resistant Giant and Yolo Wonder. A large number of homozygous resistant BC6 populations were evaluated in field tests in 1995, and two lines (PA-440, an isoline of `Keystone Resistant Giant', and PA-453, an isoline of `Yolo Wonder') were selected for further field evaluation and seed multiplication in 1996. Results of replicated field and greenhouse tests conducted in 1996 indicate that root-knot nematode resistance has been incorporated successfully in `Keystone Resistant Giant' and `Yolo Wonder' backgrounds.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Scotch Bonnet and Habanero Peppers (Capsicum chinense) For Resistance to Southern Root-knot Nematodes

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 621f-622
Author(s):  
R.L. Fery ◽  
J.A. Thies
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Commercial Sources ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Scotch Bonnet and Habanero peppers, extremely pungent cultivar classes of Capsicum chinense, are becoming popular in the United States. Since the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is a major pest of many C. annuum cultivars commonly grown in the United States, a series of greenhouse and field studies was conducted to determine whether Scotch Bonnet and Habanero peppers also are vulnerable to the pest. An effort was made to collect Scotch Bonnet and Habanero seeds from all available commercial and private sources. In an initial greenhouse test, a collection of 59 C. chinense accessions was evaluated for reaction to M. incognita (race 3). All accessions obtained from commercial sources were moderately susceptible or susceptible. However, four accessions obtained via Seed Savers Exchange listings exhibited high levels of resistance. Three of these accessions (identified by the seed sources as Yellow Scotch Bonnet, Jamaica Scotch Bonnet, and Red Habanero) were studied in subsequent greenhouse and field plantings, and each was confirmed to have a level of resistance similar to the level of resistance exhibited by the C. annuum cv. Mississippi Nemaheart. Each of the resistant lines has good fruit and yield characteristics. The two Scotch Bonnet accessions produce yellow, bonnet-shaped fruit. The Red Habanero accession does not produce the lantern-shaped fruit typical of Habanero cultivars; the fruit have a bonnet shape.

scholarly journals (259) TigerPaw-NR, a Root-knot Nematode Resistant, Habanero-type Pepper

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073D-1073
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery ◽  
Judy A. Thies
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Resistance Gene ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Variety Protection ◽  
High Level ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

The USDA–ARS has released a new Habanero-type pepper cultivar named TigerPaw-NR. The new cultivar is the product of a conventional recurrent backcross breeding procedure to transfer a dominant root-knot nematode resistance gene from the Scotch Bonnet accession PA-426 into the Habanero-type accession PA-350. TigerPaw-NR was derived from a single F3BC4 plant grown in 2002. TigerPaw-NR is homozygous for a dominant gene conditioning a high level of resistance to the southern root-knot nematode, the peanut root-knot nematode, and the tropical root-knot nematode. TigerPaw-NR has a compact plant habit and produces attractive lantern-shaped, orange-colored fruit. The results of three replicated field studies conducted at Charleston, S.C., indicate that the fruit and yield characteristics of TigerPaw-NR are comparable to those of currently available Habanero-type cultivars. A typical fruit weighs 7.8 g, is 2.7 cm wide × 4.4 cm long, and is extremely pungent (348,634 Scoville heat units). Root-knot nematodes are major pests of peppers in the United States, and all Habanero-type cultivars currently available to commercial growers and home gardeners are susceptible. The root-knot nematode resistant TigerPaw-NR is recommended for use by both commercial growers and home gardeners. Protection for TigerPaw-NR is being sought under the Plant Variety Protection Act.

scholarly journals Stability of Resistance to Root-knot Nematodes in ‘Charleston Belle’ and ‘Carolina Wonder’ Bell Peppers in a Sub-tropical Environment

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Thies ◽  
Don W. Dickson ◽  
Richard L. Fery
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Stability Of Resistance ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Two root-knot nematode-resistant bell pepper cultivars, ‘Charleston Belle’ and ‘Carolina Wonder’ (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum], and their susceptible parents, ‘Keystone Resistant Giant’ and ‘Yolo Wonder B’, were compared for managing the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) Kofoid and White] in fall and spring tests at Citra, FL. In the fall test, ‘Charleston Belle’ and ‘Carolina Wonder’ exhibited minimal root galling and nematode reproduction, and ‘Keystone Resistant Giant’ and ‘Yolo Wonder B’ exhibited severe root galling and high nematode reproduction. Fruit yield of ‘Charleston Belle’ was 97% greater than yields of the two susceptible cultivars (P ≤ 0.006). In the spring test, one-half of the plots were treated with methyl bromide/chloropicrin before planting the same four bell pepper cultivars. ‘Keystone Resistant Giant’ and ‘Yolo Wonder B’ grown in untreated control plots exhibited severe root galling and high nematode reproduction, but the other six cultivar × methyl bromide combinations exhibited minimal root galling and nematode reproduction. Although soil temperatures (10-cm depth) were greater than 30 °C on 78 days and 57 days during the Fall 2002 and Spring 2003 trials, respectively, resistance did not break in ‘Charleston Belle’ and ‘Carolina Wonder’ in either test. These results demonstrate that root-knot nematode-resistant cultivars such as Charleston Belle and Carolina Wonder are viable alternatives to methyl bromide for managing southern root-knot nematode in bell pepper in sub-tropical environments.

Resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in Advanced Generation Breeding Lines of Peanut1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Starr ◽  
C. E. Simpson ◽  
T. A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Nematode Population Density ◽  
Arachis Batizocoi ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract Levels of resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria in F2 individuals from the second, third, and fourth backcross (BC) generations were compared in seven separate tests to that of the root-knot nematode-resistant peanut germplasm line TxAG-7. Resistance of TxAG-7 was derived from the wild species Arachis batizocoi, A. cardenasii, and A. diogoi. Recurrent susceptible parents were Florunner and Tamnut 74 for the all backcrosses, Tamspan 90 for BC3 and BC4, and NC 7 and VC-1 for BC4. Resistance in these tests was defined as an inhibition of nematode reproduction relative to that of the susceptible recurrent parent. Numerous individuals with a level of resistance similar to that of TxAG-7 were identified from each backcross generation. In three field tests, the resistant BC2 genotype TP-223 supported a lower final nematode population density than did its susceptible recurrent parent Florunner. When rooted cuttings from selected BC4F2 individuals were retested to confirm the original resistance class, ratings were unchanged for those originally identified as resistant or susceptible. Of nine individuals originally identified as having moderate resistance (2.5 to 12.5% of the eggs/g roots as the susceptible recurrent parent), one was identified as susceptible, one as moderately resistant, and seven as resistant (<2.5% of the eggs/g roots) upon retest. These data are evidence that this source of resistance is readily recoverable from advanced back-cross generations.

scholarly journals ‘Covington’ Sweetpotato

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1911-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Craig Yencho ◽  
Kenneth V. Pecota ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
Zvezdana-Pesic VanEsbroeck ◽  
Gerald J. Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
State University ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
North Carolina State University ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

‘Covington’ is an orange-fleshed, smooth-skinned, rose-colored, table-stock sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] developed by North Carolina State University (NCSU). ‘Covington’, named after the late Henry M. Covington, an esteemed sweetpotato scientist at North Carolina State, was evaluated as NC98-608 in multiple state and regional yield trials during 2001 to 2006. ‘Covington’ produces yields equal to ‘Beauregard’, a dominant sweetpotato variety produced in the United States, but it is typically 5 to 10 days later in maturity. ‘Covington’ typically sizes its storage roots more evenly than ‘Beauregard’ resulting in fewer jumbo class roots and a higher percentage of number one roots. Total yields are similar for the two clones with the dry matter content of ‘Covington’ storage roots typically being 1 to 2 points higher than that of ‘Beauregard’. ‘Covington’ is resistant to fusarium wilt [Fusarium oxysporum Schlect. f.sp. batatas (Wollenw.) Snyd. & Hans.], southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White 1919) Chitwood 1949 race 3], and moderately resistant to streptomyces soil rot [Streptomyces ipomoeae (Person & W.J. Martin) Wakswan & Henrici]. Symptoms of the russet crack strain of Sweet Potato Feathery Mottle Virus have not been observed in ‘Covington’. The flavor of the baked storage roots of ‘Covington’ has been rated as very good by standardized and informal taste panels and typically scores as well or better in this regard when compared with ‘Beauregard’.

Identification of Sweetpotato Germplasm Resistant to Pathotypically Distinct Isolates of Meloidogyne enterolobii from the Carolinas

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Rutter ◽  
Phil Wadl ◽  
John David Mueller ◽  
Paula Agudelo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
The United States ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii

Meloidogyne enterolobii (syn. mayaguensis) is an emergent species of root-knot nematode that has become a serious threat to sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) production in the southeastern United States. The most popular sweetpotato cultivars grown in this region are highly susceptible to M. enterolobii. As a result, this pest has spread across most of the sweetpotato growing counties in the Carolinas, threatening the industry as well as other crops in the region. The development and release of new sweetpotato cultivars with resistance to M. enterolobii would help to manage and slow the spread of this pest. To support sweetpotato resistance breeding efforts, 93 accessions selected from the USDA germplasm collection and breeding programs in the United States were screened to identify 19 lines with strong resistance to M. enterolobii. The resistance in these accessions was tested against two M. enterolobii isolates that were collected from sweetpotato production fields in the Carolinas. These isolates were found to have distinct pathotypes, with galling and nematode reproduction differences observed on cotton as well as sweetpotato. This study is the first report of intraspecific pathotypic variation in M. enterolobii and identifies sweetpotato germplasm with resistance against both pathogenic variants of this nematode.

scholarly journals Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Capsicum chinense: Development of Resistant Habanero-type Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 766B-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery* ◽  
Judy A. Thies
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Resistance Gene ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are major pests of pepper (Capsicum spp.) in the United States, and parasitism of susceptible plants can result in severe yield losses. Although cultivars belonging to the species C. annuum account for most of the peppers grown in the United States. Habanero-type cultivars belonging to the species C. chinense are becoming increasingly popular. Unfortunately, all commercial Habanero-type cultivars are susceptible to root-knot nematodes. In 1997, the USDA released three C. chinense germplasm lines that exhibit high levels of resistance to root-knot nematodes. The resistance in these lines is conditioned by a single dominant gene, and this gene conditions resistance to the southern root-knot nematode (M. incognita), the peanut root-knot nematode (M. arenaria race 1), and the tropical root-knot nematode (M. javanica). A recurrent backcross breeding procedure has been used to transfer the C. chinense root-knot nematode resistance gene in Habanero-type germplasm. Several root-knot nematode resistant, Habanero-type candidate cultivars have been developed. Each of these Habanero-type candidate cultivars has a compact plant habit and produces a high yield of orange-colored, lantern-shaped fruit.

scholarly journals Host Resistance and Metam Sodium for Managing Root-knot Nematodes in a Pepper–Cucumber Rotation

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2080-2082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Thies ◽  
Richard F. Davis ◽  
John D. Mueller ◽  
Richard L. Fery ◽  
David B. Langston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Treatment Application

Root-knot nematode-resistant `Charleston Belle' bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum) and metam sodium treatment were evaluated for managing the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) Kofoid and White] in fall-cropped cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). `Charleston Belle' and its susceptible recurrent parent, `Keystone Resistant Giant', were planted as spring crops at Blackville, S.C., and Tifton, Ga. `Charleston Belle' exhibited high resistance and `Keystone Resistant Giant' was susceptible at both locations. After termination of the bell pepper crop, one-half of the plots were treated with metam sodium delivered through the drip irrigation system. Cucumber yields and numbers of fruit were highest for cucumber grown in plots treated with metam sodium following either `Charleston Belle' or `Keystone Resistant Giant'; however, root gall severity and numbers of M. incognita eggs in the roots were lowest for cucumber grown in plots treated with metam sodium following `Charleston Belle'. Conversely, root gall severity and nematode reproduction were highest for cucumber grown in plots following `Keystone Resistant Giant' without metam sodium treatment. Application of metam sodium through the drip irrigation system following a spring crop of root-knot nematode-resistant bell pepper should reduce severity of root galling and reproduction of M. incognita as well as increase fruit yield of fall-cropped cucumber.

scholarly journals Characterization of New Sources of Resistance in Cowpea to the Southern Root-knot Nematode

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery ◽  
Philip D. Dukes ◽  
Judy A. Thies
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Nematode Resistance Gene ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

A series of greenhouse and field studies was conducted over 9 years to characterize three new sources of resistance in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] to the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] and to determine if the resistances are conditioned by genes allelic to the Rk root-knot nematode resistance gene in `Mississippi Silver'. Three plant introductions (PI), PI 441917, PI 441920, and PI 468104, were evaluated for reaction to M. incognita in four greenhouse tests, and in every test each PI exhibited less galling, egg mass formation, or egg production than `Mississippi Silver'. F2 populations of the crosses between `Mississippi Silver' and each of the three resistant PIs were also evaluated for root-knot nematode resistance in a greenhouse test. None of the F2 populations segregated for resistance, indicating that PI 441917, PI 441920, and PI 468104 each has a gene conditioning resistance that is allelic to the Rk gene in `Mississippi Silver'. Our observations on the superior levels of resistances exhibited by PI 441917, PI 441920, and PI 468104 suggest that the allele at the Rk locus in these lines may not be the Rk allele, but one or more alleles that condition a superior, dominant-type resistance. The availability of additional dominant alleles would broaden the genetic base for root-knot nematode resistance in cowpea.

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