scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Strawberry Root System Traits in Fumigated and Nonfumigated Soils I. Inheritance Patterns of Strawberry Root System Characteristics

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean B. Fort ◽  
Douglas V. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Root System ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Root Trait ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
The University ◽  
System Characteristics ◽  
Interaction Variance

Seedling offspring of crosses among 10 selected strawberry genotypes (Fragari ×ananassa Duch.) from the University of California strawberry improvement program were established in annual hill culture. Soil treatments consisted of 1) preplant fumigation using a mixture of methyl bromide and chloropicrin or 2) no fumigation. Root systems of individual plants were sampled with a soil probe in January, April, and July 1994 to determine root mass (RM), secondary root mass (SRM), and a subjective root appearance score (RAS). For each trait, genetic analyses of partial diallels were performed to quantify sources of genetic, environmental, and interaction variance. Root trait values differed significantly between soil treatments only for the April sampling date, with all trait values greater in fumigated soils than in nonfumigated soils. For RM and SRM, variance due to general combining ability (GCA) was significant in April and July. Narrow-sense heritabilities (h2) for RM increased between January (0.14) and July (0.40); SRM showed a similar trend with a higher h2 on each sampling date. GCA variances were nonsignificant for RAS, however, significant fumigation × GCA interaction variance was detected for RAS in January. Specific combining ability (SCA) variances were nonsignificant for all traits. To further quantify the extent of interactions, correlations (rg) between genotypic expressions in fumigated soils and nonfumigated soils were calculated for each root trait. These rg values were at or near unity (> 0.85) for RM and SRM on all sampling dates, implying that genetic variability for these traits is conditioned by genes with identical effects within each soil environment. Conversely, rg between soil environments was 0.52, 0.62, and -0.18, for January, April, and July RAS, respectively. These findings suggest that genetic variability exists within this germplasm base for strawberry root mass characteristics. Genetic variation also exists for January root appearance score, but it is not conditioned identically across fumigation treatments.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Strawberry Root System Traits in Fumigated and Nonfumigated Soils II. Relationships among Root System and Above-ground Traits of Strawberry Seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean B. Fort ◽  
Douglas V. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Genotypic Correlations ◽  
Positive Direct

Genotypic and phenotypic relationships among root system and above-ground traits of strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) were evaluated for seedlings grown in annual hill culture, with soil treatments consisting of 1) preplant fumigation with methyl bromide and chloropicrin or 2) nonfumigation. Seedlings were from crosses among 10 genotypes within the University of California strawberry improvement program that had been selected previously for yield and other production traits. Root mass had positive genotypic correlations with plant diameter 5 months after planting in both fumigated (r = 0.58) and nonfumigated (r = 0.69) soils. Genotypic correlations between root mass and two production traits, yield and fruit size, were nonsignificant. However, plant diameter had positive genotypic correlations with yield (r = 0.36 to 0.51) and negative genotypic correlations with fruit size (r = -0.47 to -0.60). In general, root appearance scores were uncorrelated with production traits, but their genotypic correlations with vegetative traits were occasionally strong. Genotypic path coefficient analyses conducted separately for fumigated soils and nonfumigated soils both indicated that plant diameter had positive direct effects on yield that were twice the magnitude of that for any other trait. Root mass had a small negative direct effect on yield in each fumigation environment, while root appearance scores had small to moderate direct effects on yield that were more positive for samples obtained after fruiting (in April) versus before fruiting. Pleiotropic relationships appear to exist between root traits and plant diameter, but plant diameter is the best single predictor of genotypic variation for yield in both soil fumigation environments.

scholarly journals Sample size for measurement of root traits on common bean by image analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelson Paulo Araújo ◽  
Aurélio Magno Fernandes ◽  
Flavio Yuudi Kubota ◽  
Felipe Costa Brasil ◽  
Marcelo Grandi Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Trait ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Root Sample ◽  
Two Samples

Evaluation of root traits may be facilitated if they are assessed on samples of the root system. The objective of this work was to determine the sample size of the root system in order to estimate root traits of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars by digital image analysis. One plant was grown per pot and harvested at pod setting, with 64 and 16 pots corresponding to two and four cultivars in the first and second experiments, respectively. Root samples were scanned up to the completeness of the root system and the root area and length were estimated. Scanning a root sample demanded 21 minutes, and scanning the entire root system demanded 4 hours and 53 minutes. In the first experiment, root area and length estimated with two samples showed, respectively, a correlation of 0.977 and 0.860, with these traits measured in the entire root. In the second experiment, the correlation was 0.889 and 0.915. The increase in the correlation with more than two samples was negligible. The two samples corresponded to 13.4% and 16.9% of total root mass (excluding taproot and nodules) in the first and second experiments. Taproot stands for a high proportion of root mass and must be deducted on root trait estimations. Samples with nearly 15% of total root mass produce reliable root trait estimates.

scholarly journals Performance Responses of Strawberry Seedlings to the Sublethal Effects of Nonfumigated Soils

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean B. Fort ◽  
Douglas V. Shaw ◽  
Kirk D. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
The University ◽  
Main Effects

Nine selected strawberry genotypes (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) from the University of California, Davis, strawberry improvement program were intercrossed and their seedling offspring evaluated for five production traits. Plants were evaluated in annual hill culture, with and without preplant soil fumigation using a mixture of 67 methyl bromide: 33 chloropicrin (wt/wt, 392 kg/ha). Plant mortality was <1% for seedlings grown in either soil environment, indicating that the main effects of fumigation treatment in this experiment were due to the consequences of sublethal soil organisms. Plants grown in nonfumigated soils measured from 74% to 77% of the diameter of those grown in fumigated soils and yielded 59% as much fruit. Significant cross × fumigation interactions were not detected for fruit yield, fruit size, and weighted fruit appearance. Moreover, genetic correlations for these three traits calculated by comparing seedling performance in fumigated and nonfumigated soil environments were at or near unity, suggesting that the same genes condition genetic variability for these traits in both soil environments. Together, these findings demonstrate that strawberry fruit yield and vigor are increased substantially by fumigation, even in the absence of an identifiable major pathogen problem. Further, there may be little promise for developing cultivars with genetic adaptation specific to the sublethal effects of nonfumigated soils, as selection in either soil fumigation environment is likely to affect the same sets of genes.

scholarly journals Root System Characteristics of Papaya Plants Grown on a Slope

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 685b-685
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler ◽  
Haluk M. Discekici
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Primary Lateral ◽  
System Characteristics

`Red Lady' papaya transplants were planted on a slope with a 30% to 35% grade and grown for 5 months. Excavation was used to determine root distribution on the uphill and downhill sides of the plants. Roots were separated into the taproot system and lateral roots on the uphill and downhill sides. The line intersect method was used to determine length of the lateral roots, and length of the taproot system was measured directly. All roots were dried at 70°C. The taproot system accounted for 2% of the total root length and 66% of the total root mass. Of the 130-m of lateral roots, 71% were located on the downhill side. Similarly, 69% of the dry mass of the lateral root system was located on the downhill side. Primary lateral roots on the uphill side of each plant developed horizontally, but some secondary lateral roots developed against gravity to maintain a portion of the root system close to the surface of the slope. Some of these lateral roots developed at angles of 55° to 60° above the horizontal.

Variability in Root System Characteristics of Kleingrass Seedlings 1

Crop Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Rischler ◽  
R. L. Monk
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Characteristics

scholarly journals Genetic variability of rye-xenic-hybrid traits

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lechosław Grochowski ◽  
Jan Kaczmarek ◽  
Władysław Kadłubiec ◽  
Henryk Bujak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Standard Cultivar

In field experiments performed in two localities (Smolice, Wrocław) 18 xenic hybrids of winter rye, two testers and standard cultivar Dańkowskie Złote, were analysed. The objects of detailed evaluations were 11 traits. For six of them arithmetic means (x), standard deviations (S), coefficients of variation (cv), coefficients of genetic diversity (h<sup>2</sup>), correlation coefficients were calculated. Moreover, analyses of variance were carried out and the effects of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability were estimated. The existence of quantitative xenia in hybrids was confirmed. It was shown that xenic hybrids, in respect to most of the analysed traits, were insignificantly inferior to the testers and the standard cultivar. However, the decrease of plant height has shown to be significant and a tendency to higher yield was observed.

scholarly journals Screening for Drought Tolerance through Root Morphology and Yield Characters of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
K. Manoj Kumar ◽  
S. Vincent ◽  
A. Mothilal ◽  
M. Raveendran ◽  
R. Anandham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root System ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Root Trait ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Yield Character

Drought affects the rainfed groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)  at different phases of development and it is the serious threats on groundnut productivity causing losses than any other abiotic factor under rainfed agriculture. In the world's semiarid regions, groundnut accounts for 90% of worldwide production. Drought mainly affects the pace and pattern of nutrient and water intake from the soil, affecting the architecture of the groundnut root system. Plant selections with desirable root trait have been a major focus in developing drought resistant Groundnut cultivars. In 2019, 60 groundnut genotypes were cultivated in root block design with two different soil water treatments, as well as in the field during the year under same circumstances. The purpose of this study was to see how different groundnut cultivars fared in terms of yield, yield contributing features, root characters, and their relationships with drought tolerance. Drought resistant genotypes had thicker roots, larger roots, and a deeper root system than susceptible genotypes. Recent series in groundnut genotypes of 60 numbers were sown during kharif 2019 (july-september) under rainfed condition (It includes life irrigation and rainfall received during cropping season). Groundnut genotypes were semi spreading with the duration of 110-120 days. Observation on root morphological character viz., roots length, root volume after 20 days of stress imposition of the crop and yield parameters were observed at the harvest. Among the 60 genotypes, 20 genotypes (VG 17008, VG 17046, VG 18005, VG 18102, VG 18077, VG 19572, VG 19709, VG 18111, VG19561, VG19576, VG 19620, VG 19681, VG 19688 etc.,) similarly, yield character were observed for 60 genotypes and all the genotypes given above recorded higher value in Total number of pods per plant, Number of double seeded pods per plant, Pod yield per plant, Harvest index and Total dry matter production. The methods used in this study identified correlation between yield character and root characters. Groundnut genotypes by assessing yield metrics and their relationship with root trait. These findings lay the groundwork for future study aimed at deciphering the molecular pathways underpinning Groundnut drought resistance.

scholarly journals Relative Performance of Strawberry Genotypes on Fumigated and Nonfumigated Soils

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk D. Larson ◽  
Douglas V. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
Replant Problem ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Early Phases

Performance characteristics for 12 strawberry genotypes (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) from the Univ. of California, Davis, strawberry improvement program were evaluated in annual hill culture, with and without preplant soil fumigation using a mixture of 67 methyl bromide:33 chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) (wt/wt, 392 kg·ha-1). Plants were established at two locations; one trial followed several cycles of strawberry plantation, whereas the other had not been cropped with strawberries for 20 years. Plant mortality was <3% and did not differ between soil treatments; thus, the main effects of fumigation treatment in these experiments were due to sublethal effects of soil organisms. Plants grown in nonfumigated soil produced 51% and 57% of the fruit yield of plants grown in fumigated soil for soils with and without a recent history of strawberry cultivation, respectively. Nonfumigated treatments also had reduced fruit weight and uniformly lower vegetative vigor during the early phases of plantation establishment. Significant genotype x fumigation interactions were not detected for any of the growth or performance traits at either location. Further, the proportion of variance attributable to interactions was at most 25% of that due to variation among genotypes, even for this highly selected population. Genotypic correlations for traits evaluated in different fumigation treatments ranged from 0.80 to 1.00; thus, selection in either soil environment is expected to affect largely the same sets of genes. These results demonstrate that strawberry productivity is substantially increased by fumigation, even in the absence of lethal pathogens or a discernible replant problem. More importantly, there appears to be little opportunity for developing cultivars specifically adapted to sublethal effects of nonfumigated soils.

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