Tolerance to the Herbicide Glufosinate in Transgenic Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) and Enhancement of Tolerance in Progeny

The American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) was genetically transformed with the bar gene, conferring tolerance to the phosphinothricin-based herbicide glufosinate. Plants of one `Pilgrim' transclone grown under greenhouse conditions were significantly injured by foliar treatments of 100 mg·L-1 glufosinate, although the injury was less severe when compared to untransformed plants. However, the same transclone grown outdoors in coldframes survived foliar sprays of 500 mg·L-1 glufosinate and higher, while untransformed plants were killed at 300 mg·L-1. Actively growing shoot tips were the most sensitive part of the plants and at higher dosages of glufosinate, shoot-tip injury was evident on the transclone. Injured transgenic plants quickly regrew new shoots. Shoots of goldenrod (Solidago sp.) and creeping sedge (Carex chordorrhizia), two weeds common to cranberry production areas, were seriously injured or killed at 400 mg·L-1 glufosinate when grown in either the greenhouse or coldframe environment. Stable transmission and expression of herbicide tolerance was observed in both inbred and outcrossed progeny of the above cranberry transclone. Expected segregation ratios were observed in the outcrossed progeny and some outcrossed individuals demonstrated significantly enhanced tolerance over the original transclone, with no tip death at levels up to 8000 mg·L-1. Southern analysis of the original transclone and two progeny selections with enhanced tolerance showed an identical banding pattern, indicating that the difference in tolerance levels was not due to rearrangement of the transgene. The enhanced tolerance of these first generation progeny was retained when second generation selfed progeny were tested.

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Evaluation of RAPDs for Identification of Selfed Progeny in Cultivated Cranberry

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.514a ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 514A-514

Author(s):

James J. Polashock ◽

Nicholi Vorsa

Keyword(s):

Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽

Selfed Progeny ◽

American Cranberry ◽

Polymorphic Bands

Most varieties of the American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) cultivated today were selected from native selections or breeding progeny between the late 1800s and mid-1900s. We have previously shown using RAPDs that contamination, i.e., a mixture of genotypes, is common in commercial bogs. One source of contamination could be establishment of selfed progeny. The purpose of this study was to determine how effective RAPDs would be in distinguishing selfed progeny from the parent. Results suggest that the number of scorable polymorphic bands is low compared to outcrossed or unrelated progeny. Thus, five to nine primers were used as compared to the three primers normally required to separate outcrossed and unrelated clones. Segregation of some RAPD bands was not consistent with expected mendelian ratios. However, using 9 to 12 polymorphic bands, only 3% to 5% of the selfed progeny had fingerprints identical to the parent. Additional primers should further reduce this percentage. It was also noted that certain cultivars exhibited a large number of non-parental bands. The origin of the non-parental bands has not yet been determined.

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Inheritance of Some Morphological Characteristics of Parental Lines in Mustard-Rape Hybrid

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS ◽

10.36710/ioc-2020-29-03 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 23-30

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Hybrid Plant ◽

Distant Hybridization ◽

Degree Of Dominance ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Row Width ◽

The Difference

Distant hybridization is known to play an important role in expanding the gene pool of any crop. It is believed that the combination of different genomes in one nucleus, as a rule, is accompanied by the phenomenon of “genomic shock”, resulting in a variety of genetic and epigenetic changes. This provides a wealth of material for the selection of genotypes adapted to different environmental conditions. Interspecific hybrids in different combinations were obtained in the genus Brassica, however, until now, interest in distant hybridization in this genus has not died out, since such important crops as rapeseed and mustard demand an improvement of many important agronomic traits. The aim of this work was to study the degree of manifestation of morphological characters of a leaf, flower, and plant as a whole in the hybrid obtained by crossing of brown mustard of the variety Slavyanka and a collection specimen of spring rape. Seeds were sown in the spring of 2019 in a field with 30 cm row width. During the flowering period a number of morphological characters of a flower, leaf, and the whole plant were analyzed. Each parameter was evaluated with 10 plants. The degree of dominance in first-generation hybrid was calculated by the formula of Beil, Atkins (1965). The dominance coefficients were not determined in the case when the difference between the parental samples was insignificant. Differences between parental samples were determined by Student t-test. The level of heterosis was calculated according to the formula of Rasul et al (2002). In a mustard-rapeseed hybrid, the size of the leaves of the lower row was inherited by the type of rapeseed, which had larger leaves than mustard. The height of the hybrid plant was inherited by the type of mustard (hp = 1.32, Ht = 4.89%), and intermediate inheritance was observed for the length of the internodes (hp = -0.48). The size of the flower petals and sepals was inherited by the type of rapeseed, and significant heterosis was observed for the length of the pistil (Ht = 33.57%). The data obtained are of interest for understanding the interaction of genes of different genomes in the genus Brassica.

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First-generation versus second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotic drugs and time to relapse

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1177/2045125318795130 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 333-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James M. Stone ◽

Simon Roux ◽

David Taylor ◽

Paul D. Morrison

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Antipsychotic Drugs ◽

Second Generation ◽

Patient Acceptability ◽

Inpatient Ward ◽

Medication Discontinuation ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

The Difference ◽

Long Acting ◽

Time To Relapse

Background: The development of long-acting injectable formulations (LAIs) of second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) has been suggested as having advantage over first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) LAIs. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that there was a longer time to relapse in patients with schizophrenia started on SGA LAI versus FGA LAI. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were started on an SGA LAI while on an inpatient ward were identified through searching of the anonymised historical medical records at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. Patients starting FGA LAIs matched for diagnosis, age and date of hospital admission were identified. Time to readmission, discontinuation of LAI or death were identified. Kaplan–Meier plots were generated for each group, and the difference between groups analysed using log-rank methods. Results: There were 157 patients identified in each group. There was no difference in time to readmission, medication discontinuation or death in patients on SGA LAI versus FGA LAI. Conclusions: We found no evidence of advantage in terms of maintaining response in SGA LAI versus FGA LAI. Prescriber choice should be guided by other factors such as side-effect profile, patient acceptability and price.

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Urethane-induced lung adenomas in the first-generation progeny of irradiated male mice

Carcinogenesis ◽

10.1093/carcin/9.11.1931 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1931-1934 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

I.E. Vorobtsova ◽

E.M. Kitaev

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Male Mice ◽

Generation Progeny

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Alteration of Anthocyanin Glycosylation in Cranberry Through Interspecific Hybridization

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.130.5.711 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 130 (5) ◽

pp. 711-715 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Nicholi Vorsa ◽

James J. Polashock

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Interspecific Hybridization ◽

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Parental Species ◽

Genetic Manipulation ◽

Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Backcross Population ◽

American Cranberry

The flavonoids of american cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) are documented to be beneficial for human health. Among their benefits is a high antioxidant potential, with anthocyanin glycosides being the main contributors. Flavonoid glucose conjugates are reported to be more bioavailable than those with other sugar conjugates. The anthocyanin glycosides of V. macrocarpon fruit are mainly galactosides and arabinosides of the aglycones, cyanidin and peonidin, with less than 8% glucosides. In contrast, the fruit anthocyanins of another cranberry species, V. oxycoccus L. were found to be largely glucosides of cyanidin and peonidin. Interspecific hybrids between these two species were intermediate to the parental species in the proportion of fruit anthocyanin glucosides. About half the progeny (1:1 segregation) in a backcross population (to V. macrocarpon) maintained the relatively high anthocyanin glucoside ratio. In this study, we demonstrate the genetic manipulation of anthocyanin glycosylation in cranberry using interspecific hybridization, resulting in dramatically increased glucose-conjugated anthocyanins.

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Evaluasi Kinerja Pertumbuhan Sapi Silangan Belgian Blue dan Peranakan Ongole

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v19i2.15022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 136-141

Author(s):

Jakaria Jakaria ◽

Edwar Edwar ◽

Mokhamad Fakhrul Ulum ◽

Rudy Priyanto

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Growth Analysis ◽

First Generation ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Cross Breeding ◽

Daily Body Weight ◽

The Difference

ABSTRAK. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kinerja pertumbuhan sapi persilangan Belgian Blue (BB) dan sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) pada turunan pertama (F1). Sapi persilangan (BB dan PO) yang digunakan sebanyak 15 ekor terdiri atas jantan 6 ekor dan betina 9 ekor, selain itu digunakan 8 ekor sapi PO betina yang dipelihara di Balai Embrio Ternak (BET) Cipelang Bogor. Peubah yang diamati adalah bobot lahir (BW), bobot sapih (WW) 205 hari, bobot 1 tahun (YW), pertambahan bobot badan harian dari lahir (GBW) sampai sapih (GWW) dan pertambahan bobot badan harian dari sapih (GWW) sampai umur 1 tahun (GYW). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan perbedaan antar sapi silangan (BB-PO) dengan sapi PO dilakukan uji t. Hasil analisis bobot badan dan pertumbuhan menunjukkan bahwa, bobot badan sapi silangan BB dan PO lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sapi PO pada WW 205 hari (165,2±21,3 kg dan 115±15,2 kg), YW (365 hari) (240,7±28,1 kg dan 194,9±26,1 kg) dan GBW sampai GWW (0,675±0,097 kg dan 0,441±0,059 kg). BW dan GWW sampai GYW tidak berbeda antara sapi silangan BB-PO dengan PO. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program cross-breeding sapi BB dengan PO dapat meningkatkan kinerja bobot badan dan pertumbuhan. (Growth performance evaluation of belgian blue and ongole crossbreed) ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth performance of cross-breeding of Belgian Blue (BB) and Ongole Grade (PO) cattle in the first generation (F1). Crossbred of BB and PO cattle used as many as 15 individuals consisting of 6 males and 9 females, also, 8 individual PO females are used which are kept in the Livestock Embryo Center (BET) Cipelang, Bogor. The observed variables were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) 205 days, 1-year weight (YW) 365 days, daily body weight gain from birth (GBW) to weaning (GWW) and daily body weight gain from weaning (GWW) until the age of 1 year (GYW). Data were analyzed descriptively and the difference between cross-breeding (BB-PO) cattle and PO cattle was analyzed by t-test. The results of body weight and growth analysis showed that crossbred BB and PO cattle were higher than PO cattle at WW 205 days (165.2 ± 21.3 kg and 115 ± 15.2 kg), YW (365 days) (240.7 ± 28.1 kg and 194.9 ± 26.1 kg ) and GBW to GWW (0.675 ± 0.097 kg and 0.441 ± 0.059 kg). BW and GWW to GYW do not differ between crossbred BB-PO and PO cattle. The results of this study indicate that the cross-breeding program for BB cattle with PO cattle breeds can improve the performance of body weight and growth.

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Seed lipids of the American cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon)

Phytochemistry ◽

10.1016/s0031-9422(00)88185-6 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 2219-2222 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rodney Croteau ◽

Irving S. Fagerson

Keyword(s):

Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽

Seed Lipids ◽

American Cranberry

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Academic Motivation and Self-Discipline Strategies for Online Learners

10.4018/978-1-7998-8275-6.ch007 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 111-128

Author(s):

Emily Guetzoian

Keyword(s):

Graduate Students ◽

Students With Disabilities ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Academic Motivation ◽

First Generation ◽

Digital Learning ◽

Underrepresented Populations ◽

Online Learners ◽

Students First ◽

The Difference

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the academic motivation and self-discipline of online learners and how online academic strategies can translate to the modern-day workforce in the post-pandemic world. The chapter examines digital learning trends and skills students need to prepare them for online learning, such as self-directedness. It discusses the difference between motivation and self-discipline. It also covers strategies specific for different types of learners, such as undergraduate students, graduate students, first-generation students, students with disabilities, and students from underrepresented populations. It provides tips for various levels of educators to support student motivation and self-discipline in the online environment. It also provides tips for students themselves to address their own motivation and self-discipline strategies, such as eliminating distractions, setting goals, using technology effectively, and developing a routine. The chapter concludes with suggestions of how to implement these online academic skills into the workplace.

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Reassessing the Generational Disparity in Immigrant Offending: A Within-family Comparison of Involvement in Crime

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency ◽

10.1177/0022427819850600 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 851-887 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bianca E. Bersani ◽

Adam W. Pittman

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Well Being ◽

Foreign Born ◽

Data Set ◽

The Difference ◽

Successive Generations ◽

Offending Patterns ◽

High Degree ◽

Parent Child

Objective:This study reassesses the generational disparity in immigrant offending. Patterns and predictors of offending are compared using traditional peer-based models and an alternative within-family (parent–child dyad) model.Method:The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979; NLSY79) and NLSY-Child and Young Adult (NLSY_CYA) data are merged to create an intergenerational data set to compare generational disparities in immigrant offending across peers and within families. Differences in self-reported offending (prevalence and variety) by immigrant generation are assessed using a combination of descriptive analyses (χ2and analysis of variance) and regression models.Results:While NLSY_CYA children generally are at a greater risk of offending compared with the NLSY79 mothers, the difference in offending is greatest between first-generation mom and second-generation child dyads. Disparities in offending are driven in large part by exceedingly low levels of offending among first-generation immigrants.Conclusion:Although the factors driving an increase in offending between parent–child generations are not unique to immigrants, they are amplified in immigrant families. Whereas the second generation is remarkably similar to their U.S.-born counterparts in terms of their involvement in crime, suggesting a high degree of swift integration, the greater involvement in crime among the children of immigrants compared to their foreign-born mothers suggests a decline in well-being across successive generations.

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